scholarly journals Combined Effect of Light and Nutrients on the Micromorphology of the White rot Fungus Cerrena unicolor

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pawlik ◽  
Magdalena Jaszek ◽  
Dawid Stefaniuk ◽  
Urszula Świderska-Burek ◽  
Andrzej Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Cerrena Unicolor ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Effect Of Light

Light influences developmental pathways in fungi. Recent transcriptomic and biochemical analyses have demonstrated that light influences the metabolism of a white-rot basidiomycete Cerrena unicolor. However, the expression profile of genes involved in the growth and development, or micromorphological observations of the mycelium in response to variable lighting and culturing media, have not performed. We aim to reveal the effect of light and nutrients on C. unicolor growth and a potential relationship between the culture medium and lighting conditions on fungus micromorphological structures. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed for morphological observations of C. unicolor mycelium cultivated in red, blue, green, and white light and darkness on mineral and sawdust media. A comprehensive analysis of C. unicolor differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was employed to find global changes in the expression profiles of genes putatively involved in light-dependent morphogenesis. Both light and nutrients influenced C. unicolor growth and development. Considerable differences in the micromorphology of the mycelia were found, which were partially reflected in the functional groups of DEGs observed in the fungus transcriptomes. A complex cross-interaction of nutritional and environmental signals on C. unicolor growth and morphology was suggested. The results are a promising starting point for further investigations of fungus photobiology.

scholarly journals Biological Characterization and Instrumental Analytical Comparison of Two Biorefining Pretreatments for Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Biomass Hydrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Bhawana Chaurasia ◽  
Anamika Dubey ◽  
Alexis Manuel Faneite Noguera ◽  
Aditi Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Biological Pretreatment ◽  
Scanning Electron

Water hyacinth is a rapidly growing troublesome aquatic weed plant, which causes eutrophication in water bodies and irreversible damage to the ecological system. In this work, we have investigated the water hyacinth biomass (WHB) hydrolysis efficacy of dilute alkaline (DA) pretreatment followed by biological pretreatment with white-rot fungus Alternaria alternata strain AKJK-2. The effectiveness of the dilute alkaline (DA) and biological pretreatment process on WHB was confirmed by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), and was further visualized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). XRD spectra showed the increase in the crystallinity of pretreated samples, attributed to the elimination of amorphous components as lignin and hemicellulose. FTIR peak analysis of pre-treated WHB showed substantial changes in the absorption of cellulose functional groups and the elimination of lignin signals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed firm, compact, highly ordered, and rigid fibril structures without degradation in the untreated WHB sample, while the pretreated samples exhibited loose, dispersed, and distorted structures. XRD indices (Segal, Landis, and Faneite), and FTIR indices [Hydrogen bond intensity (HBI); Total crystallinity index (TCI); and Lateral order crystallinity (LOI)] results were similar to the aforementioned results, and also showed an increase in the crystallinity both in alkaline and biological pretreatments. Alkaline pretreated WHB, with these indices, also showed the highest crystallinity and a crystalline allomorphs mixture of cellulose I (native) and cellulose II. These results were further validated by the CLSM, wherein fluorescent signals were lost after the pretreatment of WHB over control. Overall, these findings showed the significant potential of integrated assessment tools with chemical and biological pretreatment for large-scale utilization and bioconversion of this potential aquatic weed for bioenergy production.

scholarly journals Cerrena unicolor Laccases, Genes Expression and Regulation of Activity

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Anna Pawlik ◽  
Beata Ciołek ◽  
Justyna Sulej ◽  
Andrzej Mazur ◽  
Przemysław Grela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Cerrena Unicolor ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Activity ◽  
Laccase Genes

A white rot fungus Cerrena unicolor has been identified as an important source of laccase, unfortunately regulation of this enzyme genes expression is poorly understood. Using 1D and 2D PAGE and LC-MS/MS, laccase isoenzymes were investigated in the liquid filtrate of C. unicolor culture. The level of expression of laccase genes was measured using qPCR. The elevated concentrations of copper and manganese in the medium caused greatest change in genes expression and three laccase transcripts were significantly affected after culture temperature was decreased from 28 to 4 °C or increased to 40 °C. The small differences in the PAGE band intensities of individual laccase proteins were also observed, indicating that given compound affect particular laccase’s transcript. Analyses of laccase-specific activity, at all tested conditions, showed the increased activities as compared to the control, suggesting that enzyme is regulated at the post-translational stage. We observed that the aspartic protease purified from C. unicolor, significantly stimulate laccase activity. Moreover, electrochemical analysis of protease-treated laccase sample had 5 times higher redox peaks. The obtained results indicate that laccases released by C. unicolor are regulated at transcriptional, translational, and at the post-translational steps of gene expression helping fungus adapt to the environmental changes.

scholarly journals Lighting Conditions Influence the Dynamics of Protease Synthesis and Proteasomal Activity in the White Rot Fungus Cerrena unicolor

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Anna Pawlik ◽  
Magdalena Jaszek ◽  
Anita Swatek ◽  
Marta Ruminowicz-Stefaniuk ◽  
Beata Ciołek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profile ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Cerrena Unicolor

Recent transcriptomic and biochemical studies have revealed that light influences the global gene expression profile and metabolism of the white-rot fungus Cerrena unicolor. Here, we aimed to reveal the involvement of proteases and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis by the 26S proteasome in the response of this fungus to white, red, blue and green lighting conditions and darkness. The changes in the expression profile of C. unicolor genes putatively engaged in proteolysis were found to be unique and specific to the applied wavelength of light. It was also demonstrated that the activity of proteases in the culture fluid and mycelium measured using natural and synthetic substrates was regulated by light and was substrate-dependent. A clear influence of light on protein turnover and the qualitative and quantitative changes in the hydrolytic degradation of proteins catalyzed by various types of proteases was shown. The analysis of activity associated with the 26S proteasome showed a key role of ATP-dependent proteolysis in the initial stages of adaptation of fungal cells to the stress factors. It was suggested that the light-sensing pathways in C. unicolor are cross-linked with stress signaling and secretion of proteases presumably serving as regulatory molecules.

scholarly journals A New Laccase of Lac 2 from the White Rot Fungus Cerrena unicolor 6884 and Lac 2-Mediated Degradation of Aflatoxin B1

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Zhou ◽  
Renkuan Li ◽  
Tzi Bun Ng ◽  
Yunyun Lai ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Multicopper Oxidases ◽  
Cerrena Unicolor

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a known toxic human carcinogen and can be detoxified by laccases, which are multicopper oxidases that convert several environmental pollutants and toxins. In this study, a new laccase that could catalyze AFB1 degradation was purified and identified from the white-rot fungus Cerrena unicolor 6884. The laccase was purified using (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and anion exchange chromatography, and then identified as Lac 2 through zymogram and UHPLC-MS/MS based on the Illumina transcriptome analysis of C. unicolor 6884. Six putative laccase protein sequences were obtained via functional annotation. The lac 2 cDNA encoding a full-length protein of 512 amino acids was cloned and sequenced to expand the fungus laccase gene library for AFB1 detoxification. AFB1 degradation by Lac 2 was conducted in vitro at pH 7.0 and 45 °C for 24 h. The half-life of AFB1 degradation catalyzed by Lac 2 was 5.16 h. Acetosyringone (AS), Syrinagaldehyde (SA) and [2,2′ -azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS) at 1 mM concentration seemed to be similar mediators for strongly enhancing AFB1 degradation by Lac 2. The product of AFB1 degradation catalyzed by Lac 2 was traced and identified to be Aflatoxin Q1 (AFQ1) based on mass spectrometry data. These findings are promising for a possible application of Lac 2 as a new aflatoxin oxidase in degrading AFB1 present in food and feeds.

scholarly journals News Insights into the Host-Parasite Interactions of Amyloodiniosis in European Sea Bass: A Multi-Modal Approach

Pathogens ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Michela Massimo ◽  
Donatella Volpatti ◽  
Marco Galeotti ◽  
James E. Bron ◽  
Paola Beraldo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Host Parasite

Amyloodiniosis is a disease resulting from infestation by the ectoparasitic dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum (AO) and is a threat for fish species such as European sea bass (ESB, Dicentrarchus labrax), which are farmed in lagoon and land-based rearing sites. During the summer, when temperatures are highest, mortality rates can reach 100%, with serious impacts for the aquaculture industry. As no effective licensed therapies currently exist, this study was undertaken to improve knowledge of the biology of AO and of the host-parasite relationship between the protozoan and ESB, in order to formulate better prophylactic/therapeutic treatments targeting AO. To achieve this, a multi-modal study was performed involving a broad range of analytical modalities, including conventional histology (HIS), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Gills and the oro-pharyngeal cavity were the primary sites of amyloodiniosis, with hyperplasia and cell degeneration more evident in severe infestations (HIS). Plasmacells and macrophages were localised by IHC and correlated with the parasite burden in a time-course experimental challenge. CLSM allowed reconstruction of the 3D morphology of infecting trophonts and suggested a protein composition for its anchoring and feeding structures. These findings provide a potential starting point for the development of new prophylactic/therapeutic controls.

scholarly journals Effective and complex stimulation of the biodegradation system of fungus Cerrena unicolor by rapeseed meal fermentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jaszek ◽  
Justyna Miłek ◽  
Jerzy Żuchowski ◽  
Dawid Stefaniuk ◽  
Monika Prendecka
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Cerrena Unicolor ◽  
Zymographic Analysis ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Antioxidative Ability

The effect of supplementation of medium with rapeseed meal (RM) on production of biotechnologically important enzymes was investigated in submerged cultures of the white rot fungus Cerrena unicolor. The addition of RM (3.5% w/v) distinctly stimulated the activities of laccase, chitinase, and β-glucosidase. As compared to the control, the activities of chitinase, β-glucosidase, and laccase in the RM supplemented cultures were up to 4.1, 8.4, and 3.9 times higher, respectively. The results of the spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric measurements were additionally confirmed by zymographic analysis of the samples. The level of sugars and phenolic compounds as well as the antioxidative ability of fungal preparations were also determined. The results obtained indicate that the submerged liquid fermentation of rapeseed meal can be proposed as an inexpensive and very effective method for biotechnological production of chitinase, β-glucosidase, and laccase by C. unicolor.

scholarly journals Light-regulated synthesis of extra- and intracellular enzymes related to wood degradation by the white rot fungus Cerrena unicolor during solid-state fermentation on ash sawdust-based medium

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pawlik ◽  
Magdalena Jaszek ◽  
Justyna Sulej ◽  
Grzegorz Janusz
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
White Light ◽  
Redox System ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Wood Degradation ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Cerrena Unicolor ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Levels

The light-dependent metabolism of the white rot basidiomycete Cerrena unicolor FCL139 has already been demonstrated using transcriptomic and Biolog-based approaches. To further analyze the influence of light on C. unicolor wood degradation, we measured the activity of an array of CAZymes (carbohydrate-active enzymes) and enzymes involved in the redox system of fungal cells associated with lignolysis. Extra- and intracellular enzymatic extracts were obtained from solid-state ash sawdust C. unicolor cultures cultivated for 14 days under red, blue, green, or white light conditions, or in the dark. Light greatly influenced the synthesis of MnP, total cellulases, endo-1,4-β-glucanase, endo-1,4-β-xylanase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. The production of MnP and catalase was evidently stimulated by white light. It is also worth noticing that blue light caused a gradual increase in the activity of total cellulases throughout the entire period of C. unicolor growth. Moreover, endo-1,4-β-glucanase showed the highest activity on day 13 of fungus cultivation and the production of laccase and β-glucosidase appeared to be the least influenced by light. However, the strongest activity of the endo-1,4-β-xylanase was observed in the dark. It seemed that light not only influenced the regulation of the synthesis of the wood-degrading enzymes at different levels, but also acted indirectly by affecting production of enzymes managing harmful lignin by-products causing oxidative stress. The ability of the fungus to decompose woody plant material is clearly influenced by environmental factors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document