scholarly journals Elucidating the Possible Involvement of Maize Aquaporins in the Plant Boron Transport and Homeostasis Mediated by Rhizophagus irregularis under Drought Stress Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1748
Author(s):  
Gabriela Quiroga ◽  
Gorka Erice ◽  
Ricardo Aroca ◽  
Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Facilitated Diffusion ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Am Symbiosis

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for higher plants, having structural roles in primary cell walls, but also other functions in cell division, membrane integrity, pollen germination or metabolism. Both high and low B levels negatively impact crop performance. Thus, plants need to maintain B concentration in their tissues within a narrow range by regulating transport processes. Both active transport and protein-facilitated diffusion through aquaporins have been demonstrated. This study aimed at elucidating the possible involvement of some plant aquaporins, which can potentially transport B and are regulated by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in the plant B homeostasis. Thus, AM and non-AM plants were cultivated under 0, 25 or 100 μM B in the growing medium and subjected or not subjected to drought stress. The accumulation of B in plant tissues and the regulation of plant aquaporins and other B transporters were analyzed. The benefits of AM inoculation on plant growth (especially under drought stress) were similar under the three B concentrations assayed. The tissue B accumulation increased with B availability in the growing medium, especially under drought stress conditions. Several maize aquaporins were regulated under low or high B concentrations, mainly in non-AM plants. However, the general down-regulation of aquaporins and B transporters in AM plants suggests that, when the mycorrhizal fungus is present, other mechanisms contribute to B homeostasis, probably related to the enhancement of water transport, which would concomitantly increase the passive transport of this micronutrient.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis increases relative apoplastic water flow in roots of the host plant under both well-watered and drought stress conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Bárzana ◽  
Ricardo Aroca ◽  
José Antonio Paz ◽  
François Chaumont ◽  
Mari Carmen Martinez-Ballesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

scholarly journals Improved tolerance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to drought stress and rewatering by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum: effect on growth and cell membrane stability

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Beltrano ◽  
Marta G. Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The aim of this paper was to investigate the contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum to drought stress tolerance in wheat plants grown under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, and subjected to moderate or severe water stress and rewatering. Water stress tolerance was determined through total dry weight, leaf relative water content, leakage of solutes and leaf chlorophyll and protein concentrations in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal wheat plants. Total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants after moderate or severe water stress treatments compared with non-mycorrhizal ones. Electrolyte leakage was significantly lower in water-stressed inoculated plants. Compared to non-inoculated plants, leaf relative water content and total protein concentration of inoculated individuals increased only under severe water stress. When irrigation was re-established, mycorrhizal plants increased their total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentration, and recovered cell membrane permeability in leaves compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. In conclusion, root colonization by G. claroideum could be an adequate strategy to alleviate the deleterious effects of drought stress and retard the senescence syndrome in wheat.

scholarly journals The effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis on cytokinin content in a highly mycotrophic Medicago lupulina line under low phosphorus level in the soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurkov Andrey ◽  
Veselova Svetlana ◽  
Jacobi Lidia ◽  
Stepanova Galina ◽  
Yemelyanov Vladislav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Hormone Balance ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Am Symbiosis

The study is focused on the elucidation of the role of cytokinins (CKs, zeatin and zeatin riboside) in the development of effective arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis with Medicago lupulina. An important mechanism involved in the regulation of host plant growth is supposed to be linked to the modulation of plant hormone balance. The data obtained revealed the formation of an effective AM-symbiosis (M. lupulina + Rhizophagus irregularis) under phosphorus-deficiency. At the shooting stage (35<sup>th</sup> day after sowing), it is characterized by a decrease in the root:shoot ratio, the lowering in arbuscules and vesicle abundances, but an increase in the intensity of mycelium development. Mycorrhized plants differed from the control ones by higher CK levels in both roots and leaves. Zeatin and zeatin riboside concentration exhibited uneven alterations over time. A role of mycelium in the modulation of CK balance has been discussed.

scholarly journals Asymbiotic mass production of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus clarus

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Tanaka ◽  
Kayo Hashimoto ◽  
Yuuki Kobayashi ◽  
Koji Yano ◽  
Taro Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Root Colonisation ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Am Symbiosis ◽  
Fungal Life Cycle

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutually beneficial interaction between fungi and land plants and promotes global phosphate cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. AM fungi are recognised as obligate symbionts that require root colonisation to complete a life cycle involving the production of propagules, asexual spores. Recently, it has been shown that Rhizophagus irregularis can produce infection-competent secondary spores asymbiotically by adding a fatty acid, palmitoleic acid. Furthermore, asymbiotic growth can be supported using myristate as a carbon and energy source for their asymbiotic growth to increase fungal biomass. However, the spore production and the ability of these spores to colonise host roots were still limited compared to the co-culture of the fungus with plant roots. Here we show that a combination of two plant hormones, strigolactone and jasmonate, induces the production of a large number of infection-competent spores in asymbiotic cultures of Rhizophagus clarus HR1 in the presence of myristate and organic nitrogen. Inoculation of asymbiotically-generated spores promoted the growth of host plants, as observed for spores produced by symbiotic culture system. Our findings provide a foundation for the elucidation of hormonal control of the fungal life cycle and the development of inoculum production schemes.

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