scholarly journals The effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis on cytokinin content in a highly mycotrophic Medicago lupulina line under low phosphorus level in the soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurkov Andrey ◽  
Veselova Svetlana ◽  
Jacobi Lidia ◽  
Stepanova Galina ◽  
Yemelyanov Vladislav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Hormone Balance ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Am Symbiosis

The study is focused on the elucidation of the role of cytokinins (CKs, zeatin and zeatin riboside) in the development of effective arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis with Medicago lupulina. An important mechanism involved in the regulation of host plant growth is supposed to be linked to the modulation of plant hormone balance. The data obtained revealed the formation of an effective AM-symbiosis (M. lupulina + Rhizophagus irregularis) under phosphorus-deficiency. At the shooting stage (35<sup>th</sup> day after sowing), it is characterized by a decrease in the root:shoot ratio, the lowering in arbuscules and vesicle abundances, but an increase in the intensity of mycelium development. Mycorrhized plants differed from the control ones by higher CK levels in both roots and leaves. Zeatin and zeatin riboside concentration exhibited uneven alterations over time. A role of mycelium in the modulation of CK balance has been discussed.

scholarly journals Strigolactone-Induced Putative Secreted Protein 1 Is Required for the Establishment of Symbiosis by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syusaku Tsuzuki ◽  
Yoshihiro Handa ◽  
Naoya Takeda ◽  
Masayoshi Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
Am Symbiosis ◽  
Reverse Genetic Approach

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is the most widespread association between plants and fungi. To provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of AM symbiosis, we screened and investigated genes of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis that contribute to the infection of host plants. R. irregularis genes involved in the infection were explored by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. One of the identified genes was then characterized by a reverse genetic approach using host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), which causes RNA interference in the fungus via the host plant. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that 19 genes are up-regulated by both treatment with strigolactone (SL) (a plant symbiotic signal) and symbiosis. Eleven of the 19 genes were predicted to encode secreted proteins and, of these, SL-induced putative secreted protein 1 (SIS1) showed the largest induction under both conditions. In hairy roots of Medicago truncatula, SIS1 expression is knocked down by HIGS, resulting in significant suppression of colonization and formation of stunted arbuscules. These results suggest that SIS1 is a putative secreted protein that is induced in a wide spatiotemporal range including both the presymbiotic and symbiotic stages and that SIS1 positively regulates colonization of host plants by R. irregularis.

scholarly journals The methylome of the model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, shares characteristics with early diverging fungi and Dikarya

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Chaturvedi ◽  
Joaquim Cruz Corella ◽  
Chanz Robbins ◽  
Anita Loha ◽  
Laure Menin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Phosphate Regulation ◽  
Very High

AbstractEarly-diverging fungi (EDF) are distinct from Dikarya and other eukaryotes, exhibiting high N6-methyldeoxyadenine (6mA) contents, rather than 5-methylcytosine (5mC). As plants transitioned to land the EDF sub-phylum, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycotina) evolved a symbiotic lifestyle with 80% of plant species worldwide. Here we show that these fungi exhibit 5mC and 6mA methylation characteristics that jointly set them apart from other fungi. The model AMF, R. irregularis, evolved very high levels of 5mC and greatly reduced levels of 6mA. However, unlike the Dikarya, 6mA in AMF occurs at symmetrical ApT motifs in genes and is associated with their transcription. 6mA is heterogeneously distributed among nuclei in these coenocytic fungi suggesting functional differences among nuclei. While far fewer genes are regulated by 6mA in the AMF genome than in EDF, most strikingly, 6mA methylation has been specifically retained in genes implicated in components of phosphate regulation; the quintessential hallmark defining this globally important symbiosis.

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis affects arthropod colonization on sweet pepper in both the field and greenhouse

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalbert Balog ◽  
Hugh D. Loxdale ◽  
János Bálint ◽  
Klára Benedek ◽  
Károly-Attila Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis

scholarly journals Elucidating the Possible Involvement of Maize Aquaporins in the Plant Boron Transport and Homeostasis Mediated by Rhizophagus irregularis under Drought Stress Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1748
Author(s):  
Gabriela Quiroga ◽  
Gorka Erice ◽  
Ricardo Aroca ◽  
Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Facilitated Diffusion ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Am Symbiosis

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for higher plants, having structural roles in primary cell walls, but also other functions in cell division, membrane integrity, pollen germination or metabolism. Both high and low B levels negatively impact crop performance. Thus, plants need to maintain B concentration in their tissues within a narrow range by regulating transport processes. Both active transport and protein-facilitated diffusion through aquaporins have been demonstrated. This study aimed at elucidating the possible involvement of some plant aquaporins, which can potentially transport B and are regulated by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in the plant B homeostasis. Thus, AM and non-AM plants were cultivated under 0, 25 or 100 μM B in the growing medium and subjected or not subjected to drought stress. The accumulation of B in plant tissues and the regulation of plant aquaporins and other B transporters were analyzed. The benefits of AM inoculation on plant growth (especially under drought stress) were similar under the three B concentrations assayed. The tissue B accumulation increased with B availability in the growing medium, especially under drought stress conditions. Several maize aquaporins were regulated under low or high B concentrations, mainly in non-AM plants. However, the general down-regulation of aquaporins and B transporters in AM plants suggests that, when the mycorrhizal fungus is present, other mechanisms contribute to B homeostasis, probably related to the enhancement of water transport, which would concomitantly increase the passive transport of this micronutrient.

Transcriptome responses in wheat roots to colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 747-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjiao Li ◽  
Runze Wang ◽  
Hui Tian ◽  
Yajun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Wheat Roots
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