scholarly journals Adiponectin and Its Mimics on Skeletal Muscle: Insulin Sensitizers, Fat Burners, Exercise Mimickers, Muscling Pills … or Everything Together?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Abou-Samra ◽  
Camille M. Selvais ◽  
Nicolas Dubuisson ◽  
Sonia M. Brichard
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitizers ◽  
Specific Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Adiponectin (ApN) is a hormone abundantly secreted by adipocytes and it is known to be tightly linked to the metabolic syndrome. It promotes insulin-sensitizing, fat-burning, and anti-atherosclerotic actions, thereby effectively counteracting several metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. ApN is also known today to possess powerful anti-inflammatory/oxidative and pro-myogenic effects on skeletal muscles exposed to acute or chronic inflammation and injury, mainly through AdipoR1 (ApN specific muscle receptor) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, but also via T-cadherin. In this review, we will report all the beneficial and protective properties that ApN can exert, specifically on the skeletal muscle as a target tissue. We will highlight its effects and mechanisms of action, first in healthy skeletal muscle including exercised muscle, and second in diseased muscle from a variety of pathological conditions. In the end, we will go over some of AdipoRs agonists that can be easily produced and administered, and which can greatly mimic ApN. These interesting and newly identified molecules could pave the way towards future therapeutic approaches to potentially prevent or combat not only skeletal muscle disorders but also a plethora of other diseases with sterile inflammation or metabolic dysfunction.

scholarly journals Roles of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Exosomes in Organ Metabolic and Immunological Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Aoi ◽  
Yuko Tanimura
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Muscular Function ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Expression And Activity

Skeletal muscles secrete various factors, such as proteins/peptides, nucleotides, and metabolites, which are referred to as myokines. Many of these factors are transported into extracellular bodily fluids in a free or protein-bound form. Furthermore, several secretory factors have been shown to be wrapped up by small vesicles, particularly exosomes, secreted into circulation, and subsequently regulate recipient cells. Thus, exosome contents can be recognized as myokines. In recipient cells, proteins, microRNAs, and metabolites in exosomes can regulate the expression and activity of target proteins associated with nutrient metabolism and immune function. The levels of circulating exosomes and their contents are altered in muscle disorders and metabolic-related states, such as metabolic dysfunction, sarcopenia, and physical fitness. Therefore, such circulating factors could mediate various interactions between skeletal muscle and other organs and may be useful as biomarkers reflecting physiological and pathological states associated with muscular function. Here, this review summarizes secretory regulation of muscle-derived exosomes. Their metabolic and immunological roles and the significance of their circulating levels are also discussed.

Activities of creatine kinase and its isoenzymes in serum in various skeletal muscle disorders.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2460-2462 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Arenas ◽  
V Diaz ◽  
G Liras ◽  
E Gutierrez ◽  
I Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Isoenzyme Pattern ◽  
Type I ◽  
Isoenzyme Analysis ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Total Creatine ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders

Abstract We studied possible correlations between anatomopathological and clinical features and the values for total creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) and its isoenzymes, including the proportion of CK-MB, in a population displaying several neuromuscular pathologies. Although we observed no specific isoenzyme pattern associated with the different myopathies, we found isoenzyme analysis useful in studying the histopathological evolution of illness. We also considered whether the pathology was regenerative or nonregenerative, and what type of fiber (I or II) was involved. High CK-MB percentages (greater than 6%) were associated with regenerative and type I fiber myopathies, with regenerative type tissues being the principal factor associated with an increasing proportion of CK-MB. Studying the changes in CK-MB percentage in serum appears to be useful in discriminating neuromuscular from myocardial pathologies.

scholarly journals Is Gene-Size an Issue for the Diagnosis of Skeletal Muscle Disorders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Savarese ◽  
Salla Välipakka ◽  
Mridul Johari ◽  
Peter Hackman ◽  
Bjarne Udd
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Gene Size ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders

Gene Therapy of Skeletal Muscle Disorders Using Viral Vectors

Muscle ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 1045-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L.H. Arnett ◽  
Julian N. Ramos ◽  
Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders

scholarly journals Impact of Melatonin on Skeletal Muscle and Exercise

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Stacchiotti ◽  
Gaia Favero ◽  
Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Aging ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Skeletal muscle disorders are dramatically increasing with human aging with enormous sanitary costs and impact on the quality of life. Preventive and therapeutic tools to limit onset and progression of muscle frailty include nutrition and physical training. Melatonin, the indole produced at nighttime in pineal and extra-pineal sites in mammalians, has recognized anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. Mitochondria are the favorite target of melatonin, which maintains them efficiently, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage. Here, we discuss the most recent evidence of dietary melatonin efficacy in age-related skeletal muscle disorders in cellular, preclinical, and clinical studies. Furthermore, we analyze the emerging impact of melatonin on physical activity. Finally, we consider the newest evidence of the gut–muscle axis and the influence of exercise and probably melatonin on the microbiota. In our opinion, this review reinforces the relevance of melatonin as a safe nutraceutical that limits skeletal muscle frailty and prolongs physical performance.

Transforming growth factor-?2 is elevated in skeletal muscle disorders

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 889-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Murakami ◽  
Ian S. McLennan ◽  
Ikuya Nonaka ◽  
Kyoko Koishi ◽  
Christina Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders

scholarly journals Proteomic profiling of animal models mimicking skeletal muscle disorders

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 1169-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Doran ◽  
Joan Gannon ◽  
Kathleen O'Connell ◽  
Kay Ohlendieck
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders

scholarly journals Muscling in on the third dimension

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Afshar Bakooshli ◽  
Penney M Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Disorders

The development of a functional three-dimensional model of human skeletal muscle tissue could accelerate progress towards new and personalized treatments for skeletal muscle disorders.

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