scholarly journals Nutrition and Genetics in NAFLD: The Perfect Binomium

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marica Meroni ◽  
Miriam Longo ◽  
Alice Rustichelli ◽  
Paola Dongiovanni
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nutrition Practices ◽  
Nutritional Genomics ◽  
Hepatic Injuries ◽  
By Products

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global healthcare burden since it is epidemiologically related to obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). It embraces a wide spectrum of hepatic injuries, which include simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The susceptibility to develop NAFLD is highly variable and it is influenced by several cues including environmental (i.e., dietary habits and physical activity) and inherited (i.e., genetic/epigenetic) risk factors. Nonetheless, even intestinal microbiota and its by-products play a crucial role in NAFLD pathophysiology. The interaction of dietary exposure with the genome is referred to as ‘nutritional genomics,’ which encompasses both ‘nutrigenetics’ and ‘nutriepigenomics.’ It is focused on revealing the biological mechanisms that entail both the acute and persistent genome-nutrient interactions that influence health and it may represent a promising field of study to improve both clinical and health nutrition practices. Thus, the premise of this review is to discuss the relevance of personalized nutritional advices as a novel therapeutic approach in NAFLD tailored management.

scholarly journals Anti-Diabetic Medications for the Pharmacologic Management of NAFLD

Diseases ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosann Cholankeril ◽  
Vikram Patel ◽  
Brandon Perumpail ◽  
Eric Yoo ◽  
Umair Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Pharmacologic Management ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Hepatic Histology

As a chronic disease encompassing a wide spectrum of liver-related histologic damage, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a global epidemic with significant impacts on all-cause morbidity and mortality. Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus predispose individuals to NAFLD and related complications. Therefore, timely intervention with anti-diabetic medications may prevent and delay the development of NAFLD or have a therapeutic implication. The focus of this review is to evaluate the evidence supporting the efficacy of anti-diabetic medications in the treatment of NAFLD. While many of these anti-diabetic agents have shown to improve biochemical parameters, their effect on hepatic histology is limited. Among anti-diabetic medications, only thiazolidinediones and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists demonstrate significant improvement in hepatic histology.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Possible Dietary-Based Strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marica Meroni ◽  
Miriam Longo ◽  
Paola Dongiovanni
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Hepatic Injuries

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as a global healthcare burden since it is epidemiologically related to obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). It entails a broad spectrum of hepatic injuries, which includes simple and uncomplicated steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The susceptibility to develop NAFLD is highly variable and it is influenced by several cues including environmental (i.e., dietary habits and physical activity) and inherited (i.e., genetic/epigenetic) risk factors. Emerging evidence has outlined the implication of intestinal microbiota and its harmful by-products as actively contributors to NAFLD pathophysiology, probably due to the tight anatomo-functional crosstalk between the gut and the liver. Unhealthy dietary habits may trigger qualitative and quantitative modifications in intestinal flora taxonomic composition, mucosal inflammation, and intestinal barrier derangement. An enhanced intestinal permeability, also referred to ‘leaky gut’, results in the translocation of viable pathogenic bacteria, Gram-negative products, and pro-inflammatory luminal metabolites into the bloodstream, further corroborating the liver damage. Furthermore, long-term dysbiosis may exert detrimental effect on hepatic epigenome. Indeed, epigenetic modifiers (DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNAs regulation) are highly sensitive to environmental cues. Nowadays, no therapeutic interventions are available for NAFLD prevention and management, thus modifications in lifestyle, diet and physical exercise remain the cornerstone in therapeutic approaches to NAFLD, even in the light of their impact on intestinal microflora.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Pharmacotherapeutic Options for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Ras Blockers

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are multidisciplinary liver diseases that often accompany type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome, which are characterized by insulin resistance. Therefore, effective treatment of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome should target not only the cardiometabolic abnormalities, but also the associated liver disorders. In the last decade, it has been shown that metformin, thiazolidinediones, vitamin E, ezetimibe, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers, and antiobesity drugs may improve hepatic pathophysiological disorders as well as clinical parameters. Accordingly, insulin sensitizers, antioxidative agents, Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) inhibitors, RAS blockers, and drugs that target the central nervous system may represent candidate pharmacotherapies for NAFLD and possibly NASH. However, the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of long-term treatment (potentially for many years) with these drugs have not been fully established. Furthermore, clinical trials have not comprehensively examined the efficacy of lipid-lowering drugs (i.e., statins, fibrates, and NPC1L1 inhibitors) for the treatment of NAFLD. Although clinical evidence for RAS blockers and incretin-based agents (GLP-1 analogs and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors) is also lacking, these agents are promising in terms of their insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects without causing weight gain.

scholarly journals Prevalence of clinically relevant liver fibrosis due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Indian individuals with type 2 diabetes

JGH Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shafi Kuchay ◽  
Narendra Singh Choudhary ◽  
Sunil Kumar Mishra ◽  
Tarannum Bano ◽  
Sakshi Gagneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
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