scholarly journals Linking Brassinosteroid and ABA Signaling in the Context of Stress Acclimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5108
Author(s):  
Victor P. Bulgakov ◽  
Tatiana V. Avramenko
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Stress Memory ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Stress Acclimation ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Memory Acquisition ◽  
Flowering Time Control

The important regulatory role of brassinosteroids (BRs) in the mechanisms of tolerance to multiple stresses is well known. Growing data indicate that the phenomenon of BR-mediated drought stress tolerance can be explained by the generation of stress memory (the process known as ‘priming’ or ‘acclimation’). In this review, we summarize the data on BR and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling to show the interconnection between the pathways in the stress memory acquisition. Starting from brassinosteroid receptors brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1) and receptor-like protein kinase BRI1-like 3 (BRL3) and propagating through BR-signaling kinases 1 and 3 (BSK1/3) → BRI1 suppressor 1 (BSU1) ―‖ brassinosteroid insensitive 2 (BIN2) pathway, BR and ABA signaling are linked through BIN2 kinase. Bioinformatics data suggest possible modules by which BRs can affect the memory to drought or cold stresses. These are the BIN2 → SNF1-related protein kinases (SnRK2s) → abscisic acid responsive elements-binding factor 2 (ABF2) module; BRI1-EMS-supressor 1 (BES1) or brassinazole-resistant 1 protein (BZR1)–TOPLESS (TPL)–histone deacetylase 19 (HDA19) repressor complexes, and the BZR1/BES1 → flowering locus C (FLC)/flowering time control protein FCA (FCA) pathway. Acclimation processes can be also regulated by BR signaling associated with stress reactions caused by an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.

scholarly journals Control of ABA Signaling and Crosstalk With Other Hormones by Selective Degradation of Pathway Components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sirko ◽  
Anna Wawrzyńska ◽  
Jerzy Brzywczy ◽  
Marzena Sieńko
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
E3 Ligases ◽  
Selective Autophagy ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Different Parts

A rapid and appropriate genetic and metabolic acclimation, which is crucial for plants’ survival in a changing environment, is maintained due to the coordinated action of plant hormones and cellular degradation mechanisms influencing proteostasis. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) rapidly accumulates in plants in response to environmental stress and plays a pivotal role in the reaction to various stimuli. Increasing evidence demonstrates a significant role of autophagy in controlling ABA signaling. This field has been extensively investigated and new discoveries are constantly being provided. We present updated information on the components of the ABA signaling pathway, particularly on transcription factors modified by different E3 ligases. Then, we focus on the role of selective autophagy in ABA pathway control and review novel evidence on the involvement of autophagy in different parts of the ABA signaling pathway that are important for crosstalk with other hormones, particularly cytokinins and brassinosteroids.

scholarly journals FLOWERING LOCUS T4 delays flowering and decreases floret fertility in barley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pieper ◽  
Filipa Tomé ◽  
Artem Pankin ◽  
Maria von Korff
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Photoperiodic Regulation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Flowering Locus ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Flowering Time Control

Abstract FLOWERING LOCUS T-like (FT-like) genes control the photoperiodic regulation of flowering in many angiosperm plants. The family of FT-like genes is characterized by extensive gene duplication and subsequent diversification of FT functions which occurred independently in modern angiosperm lineages. In barley, there are 12 known FT-like genes (HvFT), but the function of most of them remains uncharacterized. This study aimed to characterize the role of HvFT4 in flowering time control and development in barley. The overexpression of HvFT4 in the spring cultivar Golden Promise delayed flowering time under long-day conditions. Microscopic dissection of the shoot apical meristem revealed that overexpression of HvFT4 specifically delayed spikelet initiation and reduced the number of spikelet primordia and grains per spike. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of HvFT4 was associated with floret abortion and with the down-regulation of the barley MADS-box genes VRN-H1, HvBM3, and HvBM8 which promote floral development. This suggests that HvFT4 functions as a repressor of reproductive development in barley. Unraveling the genetic basis of FT-like genes can contribute to the identification of novel breeding targets to modify reproductive development and thereby spike morphology and grain yield.

scholarly journals Control of ABA Signaling and Crosstalk with Other Hormones by the Selective Degradation of Pathway Components

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4638
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sirko ◽  
Anna Wawrzyńska ◽  
Jerzy Brzywczy ◽  
Marzena Sieńko
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
E3 Ligases ◽  
Selective Autophagy ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Different Parts

A rapid and appropriate genetic and metabolic acclimation, which is crucial for plants’ survival in a changing environment, is maintained due to the coordinated action of plant hormones and cellular degradation mechanisms influencing proteostasis. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) rapidly accumulates in plants in response to environmental stress and plays a pivotal role in the reaction to various stimuli. Increasing evidence demonstrates a significant role of autophagy in controlling ABA signaling. This field has been extensively investigated and new discoveries are constantly being provided. We present updated information on the components of the ABA signaling pathway, particularly on transcription factors modified by different E3 ligases. Then, we focus on the role of selective autophagy in ABA pathway control and review novel evidence on the involvement of autophagy in different parts of the ABA signaling pathway that are important for crosstalk with other hormones, particularly cytokinins and brassinosteroids.

Brassinosteroids Counteract Abscisic Acid in Germination and Growth of Arabidopsis

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Xue ◽  
Jun-Bo Du ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Shu Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Flowering Time Control ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stressful Environments

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in multiple plant growth and development processes, such as cell elongation, photomorphogenesis, flowering time control, and stress responses. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is crucial to plant development and adaptation to stressful environments. The receptors and pathways of BRs and ABA have been deeply studied. But the relationship between them remained largely unknown and there are only few reports about it. Our experiments showed that the BR-deficient and BR-insensitive Arabidopsis mutants det2, bri1 - 5 and bri1 - 9 were more sensitive to ABA than the wild type (Ws-2), especially the det2 and bri1 - 9 mutants. Germination, hypocotyl and root elongation, and stomatal apertures of the mutants were more severely inhibited by ABA. All the results suggest that BRs counteract ABA in regulating plant growth, and the interaction may be complicated. The possible mechanisms are discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization of genes associated with TGA7 during the floral transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorui Xu ◽  
Jingya Xu ◽  
Chen Yuan ◽  
Yikai Hu ◽  
Qinggang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Floral Transition ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Flowering Time Control

Abstract Background The TGACG-binding (TGA) family has 10 members that play vital roles in Arabidopsis thaliana defense responses and development. However, their involvement in controlling flowering time remains largely unknown and requires further investigation. Results To study the role of TGA7 during floral transition, we first investigated the tga7 mutant, which displayed a delayed-flowering phenotype under both long-day and short-day conditions. We then performed a flowering genetic pathway analysis and found that both autonomous and thermosensory pathways may affect TGA7 expression. Furthermore, to reveal the differential gene expression profiles between wild-type (WT) and tga7, cDNA libraries were generated for WT and tga7 mutant seedlings at 9 days after germination. For each library, deep-sequencing produced approximately 6.67 Gb of high-quality sequences, with the majority (84.55 %) of mRNAs being between 500 and 3,000 nt. In total, 325 differentially expressed genes were identified between WT and tga7 mutant seedlings. Among them, four genes were associated with flowering time control. The differential expression of these four flowering-related genes was further validated by qRT-PCR. Conclusions Among these four differentially expressed genes associated with flowering time control, FLC and MAF5 may be mainly responsible for the delayed-flowering phenotype in tga7, as TGA7 expression was regulated by autonomous pathway genes. These results provide a framework for further studying the role of TGA7 in promoting flowering.

scholarly journals FLOWERING LOCUS T4 (HvFT4) delays flowering and decreases floret fertility in barley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pieper ◽  
Filipa Tomé ◽  
Maria von Korff
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Photoperiodic Regulation ◽  
Flowering Locus ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Flowering Time Control

AbstractFLOWERING LOCUS T-like genes (FT-like) control the photoperiodic regulation of flowering in many angiosperm plants. The family of FT-like genes is characterised by extensive gene duplication and subsequent diversification of FT functions which occurred independently in modern angiosperm lineages. In barley, there are 12 known FT-like genes (HvFT) but the function of most of them remains uncharacterised. This study aimed to characterise the role of HvFT4 in flowering time control and development in barley. The overexpression of HvFT4 in the spring cultivar Golden Promise delayed flowering time under long-day conditions. Microscopic dissection of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) revealed that overexpression of HvFT4 specifically delayed spikelet initiation and reduced the number of spikelet primordia and grains per spike. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of HvFT4 was associated with floret abortion and with the downregulation of the barley MADS-box genes VRN-H1, HvBM3 and HvBM8 which promote floral development. This suggests that HvFT4 functions as a repressor of reproductive development in barley. Unraveling the genetic basis of FT-like genes can contribute to the identification of novel breeding targets to modify reproductive development and thereby spike morphology and grain yield.HighlightWe identify the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like gene HvFT4 as a negative regulator of reproductive development, spikelet initiation, floret fertility and grain number in barley.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis CK2 family gene CKB3 involved in abscisic acid signaling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yuan ◽  
J. Han ◽  
H. Chang ◽  
W. Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Family Gene ◽  
Dna Mutant

Abstract CKB3 is a regulatory (beta) subunit of CK2. In this study Arabidopsis thaliana homozygous T-DNA mutant ckb3 was studied to understand the role of CKB3 in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. The results shown: CKB3 was expressed in all organs and the highest expression in the seeds, followed by the root. During seed germination and root growth the ckb3 mutant showed reduced sensitivity to ABA. The ckb3 mutant had more stomatal opening and increased proline accumulation and leaf water loss. The expression levels of number of genes in the ABA regulatory network had changed. This study demonstrates that CKB3 is an ABA signaling-related gene and may play a positive role in ABA signaling.

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