scholarly journals Large-Scale Plasma Analysis Revealed New Mechanisms and Molecules Associated with the Host Response to SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8623
Author(s):  
Elettra Barberis ◽  
Sara Timo ◽  
Elia Amede ◽  
Virginia V. Vanella ◽  
Chiara Puricelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
And Control

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to nearly every continent, registering over 1,250,000 deaths worldwide. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 on host targets remains largely limited, hampering our understanding of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies. The present study used a comprehensive untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic approach to capture the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that several circulating lipids acted as potential biomarkers, such as phosphatidylcholine 14:0_22:6 (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.96), phosphatidylcholine 16:1_22:6 (AUC = 0.97), and phosphatidylethanolamine 18:1_20:4 (AUC = 0.94). Furthermore, triglycerides and free fatty acids, especially arachidonic acid (AUC = 0.99) and oleic acid (AUC = 0.98), were well correlated to the severity of the disease. An untargeted analysis of non-critical COVID-19 patients identified a strong alteration of lipids and a perturbation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA degradation, arachidonic acid metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The severity of the disease was characterized by the activation of gluconeogenesis and the metabolism of porphyrins, which play a crucial role in the progress of the infection. In addition, our study provided further evidence for considering phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity as a potential key factor in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and a possible therapeutic target. To date, the present study provides the largest untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics analysis of plasma from COVID-19 patients and control groups, identifying new mechanisms associated with the host response to COVID-19, potential plasma biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimization of Integrated Civilian-Military Scheduling of Medical Supplies for Epidemic Prevention and Control

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Hai-Feng Ling ◽  
Zheng-Lian Su ◽  
Xun-Lin Jiang ◽  
Yu-Jun Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Problem Instances ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Minimum Ratio

In a large-scale epidemic, such as the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), there is huge demand for a variety of medical supplies, such as medical masks, ventilators, and sickbeds. Resources from civilian medical services are often not sufficient for fully satisfying all of these demands. Resources from military medical services, which are normally reserved for military use, can be an effective supplement to these demands. In this paper, we formulate a problem of integrated civilian-military scheduling of medical supplies for epidemic prevention and control, the aim of which is to simultaneously maximize the overall satisfaction rate of the medical supplies and minimize the total scheduling cost, while keeping a minimum ratio of medical supplies reservation for military use. We propose a multi-objective water wave optimization (WWO) algorithm in order to efficiently solve this problem. Computational results on a set of problem instances constructed based on real COVID-19 data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Lomatogonium Rotatum for Treatment of Acute Liver Injury in Mice: A Metabolomics Study

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renhao Chen ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Lanjun Zhao ◽  
Shilin Yang ◽  
Zhifeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Metabolomics Study ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries ex Nym (LR) is used as a traditional Mongolian medicine to treat liver and bile diseases. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of LR on mice with CCl4-induced acute liver injury through conventional assays and metabolomics analysis. This study consisted of male mice (n = 23) in four groups (i.e., control, model, positive control, and LR). The extract of whole plant of LR was used to treat mice in the LR group. Biochemical and histological assays (i.e., serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), and histological changes of liver tissue) were used to evaluate LR efficacy, and metabolomics analysis based on GC-MS and LC-MS was conducted to reveal metabolic changes. The conventional analysis and metabolomic profiles both suggested that LR treatment could protect mice against CCl4-induced acute liver injury. The affected metabolic pathways included linoleic acid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, CoA biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, the TCA cycle, and purine metabolism. This study identified eight metabolites, including phosphopantothenic acid, succinic acid, AMP, choline, glycerol 3-phosphate, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and DHA, as potential biomarkers for evaluating hepatoprotective effect of LR. This metabolomics study may shed light on possible mechanisms of hepatoprotective effect of LR.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiological, Serological, and Pathogenic Analysis of EV-B75 Associated With Acute Flaccid Paralysis Cases in Tibet, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyi Zhang ◽  
Mei Hong ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Zhenzhi Han ◽  
Jinbo Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
The Novel ◽  
And Control ◽  
Full Length Genome ◽  
Pathogenic Analysis ◽  
Structural Region

Enterovirus B75 (EV-B75) is a newly identified serotype of the enterovirus B species. To date, only 112 cases related to EV-B75 have been reported worldwide, and research on EV-B75 is still limited with only two full-length genome sequences available in GenBank. The present study reported seven EV-B75 sequences from a child with acute flaccid paralysis and six asymptomatic close contacts in Shigatse, Tibet. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Tibetan strain was possibly imported from neighboring India. Seroepidemiological analyses indicated that EV-B75 has not yet caused a large-scale epidemic in Tibet. Similarity plots and boot scanning analyses revealed frequent intertypic recombination in the non-structural region of all seven Tibet EV-B75 strains. All seven Tibetan strains were temperature-sensitive, suggesting their poor transmissibility in the environment. Overall, though the seven Tibetan strains did not cause large-scale infection, prevention and control of the novel enterovirus cannot be underestimated.

scholarly journals Predictive Analysis of Real-Time Strategy using Face book’s Prophet Model on Covid-19 Dataset of India

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Renuka Sharma ◽  
S. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

The global epidemic of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) called SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) has infected millions and killed millions. The prevalence of the virus is of paramount importance in identifying future infections and preparing healthcare facilities to avoid death. Accurately predicting the spread of COVID-19 is a challenging analytical and practical task for the research community. We can learn to use predictive analytics to predict the positive outcomes of these risks. These predictive analytics can look at the risks of past successes and failures. In this paper, the Facebook prophet model discusses the number of large-scale cases and deaths in India based on daily time-series data from 30 January 2020 to 30 April 2021, for forecasting and visualization. The covid-19 pandemic could end prematurely if social distancing and safety measures are required to stabilize and control is required to achieve treatment in India. This paper suggests that the Prophet Model is more effective in predicting COVID-19 cases. The forecast results will help the government plan strategies to prevent the spread of the coronavirus.

scholarly journals Profile of Gene Expression Changes During Estrodiol-17β-Induced Feminization in the Takifugu Rubripes Brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xufang Shen ◽  
Hongwei Yan ◽  
Jieming Jiang ◽  
Weiyuan Li ◽  
Yuyu Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Takifugu Rubripes ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: As the critical tissue of the central nervous system, the brain has been found to be involved in gonad development. Previous studies have suggested that gonadal fate may be affected by the brain. Identifying brain-specific molecular changes that occur during estrodiol-17β (E2) ‑induced feminization is crucial to our understanding of the molecular control of sex differentiation by the brains of fish. Results: In this study, the differential transcriptomic responses of the Takifugu rubripes larvae brain were compared after E2 treatment for 55 days. Our results showed that 514 genes were differentially expressed between E2-treated-XX (E-XX) and Control-XX (C-XX) T. rubripes, while 362 genes were differentially expressed between E2-treated-XY (E-XY) and Control-XY (C-XY). For example, the expression of cyp19a1b, gnrh1 and pgr was significantly up-regulated, while st, sl, tshβ, prl and pit-1, which belong to the growth hormone/prolactin family, were significantly down-regulated after E2 treatment, in both sexes. The arntl1, bhlbe, nr1d2, per1b, per3, cry1, cipc and ciart genes, which are involved in the circadian rhythm, were also found to be altered. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were identified between E-XX and C-XX, were significantly enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, arachidonic acid metabolism, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the calcium signaling pathway. The DEGs that were identified between E‑XY and C-XY were significantly enriched in tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism. Conclusion: By using transcriptome sequencing of XX and XY brains of torafugu larvae showed that many genes and pathways were altered by E2 exposure. They provide the opportunity to further study the possible involvement of networks in the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis in sex differentiation in T. rubripes.

scholarly journals Profile of gene expression changes during estrodiol-17β-induced feminization in the Takifugu rubripes brain

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xufang Shen ◽  
Hongwei Yan ◽  
Jieming Jiang ◽  
Weiyuan Li ◽  
Yuyu Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Takifugu Rubripes ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background As the critical tissue of the central nervous system, the brain has been found to be involved in gonad development. Previous studies have suggested that gonadal fate may be affected by the brain. Identifying brain-specific molecular changes that occur during estrodiol-17β (E2) -induced feminization is crucial to our understanding of the molecular control of sex differentiation by the brains of fish. Results In this study, the differential transcriptomic responses of the Takifugu rubripes larvae brain were compared after E2 treatment for 55 days. Our results showed that 514 genes were differentially expressed between E2-treated-XX (E-XX) and Control-XX (C-XX) T. rubripes, while 362 genes were differentially expressed between E2-treated-XY (E-XY) and Control-XY (C-XY). For example, the expression of cyp19a1b, gnrh1 and pgr was significantly up-regulated, while st, sl, tshβ, prl and pit-1, which belong to the growth hormone/prolactin family, were significantly down-regulated after E2 treatment, in both sexes. The arntl1, bhlbe, nr1d2, per1b, per3, cry1, cipc and ciart genes, which are involved in the circadian rhythm, were also found to be altered. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were identified between E-XX and C-XX, were significantly enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, arachidonic acid metabolism, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the calcium signaling pathway. The DEGs that were identified between E-XY and C-XY were significantly enriched in tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism. Conclusion A number of genes and pathways were identified in the brain of E2-treated T. rubripes larvae by RNA-seq. It provided the opportunity for further study on the possible involvement of networks in the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis in sex differentiation in T. rubripes.

Collaboration, Power, Participation and Control on a Large Scale Research Team: Multiple Perspectives from the Oxford House Research Project

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Olson ◽  
Leonard Jason ◽  
Joseph R. Ferrari ◽  
Leon Venable ◽  
Bertel F. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Oxford House ◽  
And Control

Testosterone Potentiation of Ionophore and ADP Induced Platelet Aggregation : Relationship to Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pilo ◽  
D Aharony ◽  
A Raz
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryThe role of arachidonic acid oxygenated products in human platelet aggregation induced by the ionophore A23187 was investigated. The ionophore produced an increased release of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and a concomitant increased formation of TxA2 and other arachidonate products. TxA2 (and possibly other cyclo oxygenase products) appears to have a significant role in ionophore-induced aggregation only when low concentrations (<1 μM) of the ionophore are employed.Testosterone added to rat or human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was shown previously to potentiate platelet aggregation induced by ADP, adrenaline, collagen and arachidonic acid (1, 2). We show that testosterone also potentiates ionophore induced aggregation in washed platelets and in PRP. This potentiation was dose and time dependent and resulted from increased lipolysis and concomitant generation of TxA2 and other prostaglandin products. The testosterone potentiating effect was abolished by preincubation of the platelets with indomethacin.

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