scholarly journals How the AHR Became Important in Cancer: The Role of Chronically Active AHR in Cancer Aggression

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Zhongyan Wang ◽  
Megan Snyder ◽  
Jessica E. Kenison ◽  
Kangkang Yang ◽  
Brian Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Environmental Carcinogen ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Cell Progression ◽  
Human Pollution ◽  
Normal Physiological Function

For decades, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was studied for its role in environmental chemical toxicity i.e., as a quirk of nature and a mediator of unintended consequences of human pollution. During that period, it was not certain that the AHR had a “normal” physiological function. However, the ongoing accumulation of data from an ever-expanding variety of studies on cancer, cancer immunity, autoimmunity, organ development, and other areas bears witness to a staggering array of AHR-controlled normal and pathological activities. The objective of this review is to discuss how the AHR has gone from a likely contributor to genotoxic environmental carcinogen-induced cancer to a master regulator of malignant cell progression and cancer aggression. Particular focus is placed on the association between AHR activity and poor cancer outcomes, feedback loops that control chronic AHR activity in cancer, and the role of chronically active AHR in driving cancer cell invasion, migration, cancer stem cell characteristics, and survival.

scholarly journals Sialic Acid—Modified Nanoparticles—New Approaches in the Glioma Management—Perspective Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7494
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Wielgat ◽  
Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska ◽  
Agnieszka Z. Wilczewska ◽  
Halina Car
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
And Function ◽  
Worse Prognosis

The cell surface is covered by a dense and complex network of glycans attached to the membrane proteins and lipids. In gliomas, the aberrant sialylation, as the final stage of glycosylation, is an important regulatory mechanism of malignant cell behavior and correlates with worse prognosis. Better understanding of the role of sialylation in cellular and molecular processes opens a new way in the development of therapeutic tools for human brain tumors. According to the recent clinical observation, the cellular heterogeneity, activity of brain cancer stem cells (BCSCs), immune evasion, and function of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) are attractive targets for new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the importance of sialic acid-modified nanoparticles in brain tumor progression.

Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Mediating the Effects of Coffee in the Colon

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100539
Author(s):  
Robert S. Chapkin ◽  
Laurie A. Davidson ◽  
Hyejin Park ◽  
Un‐Ho Jin ◽  
Yang‐Yi Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon

scholarly journals The role of sport-based social networks in the management of long-term health conditions: Insights from the World Transplant Games

2020 ◽  
pp. 101269022097920
Author(s):  
Gareth Wiltshire ◽  
Nicola J Clarke ◽  
Cassandra Phoenix ◽  
Carl Bescoby
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients

In the context of an increasing clinical need to better support self-managemt for people living with long-term health conditions an interest in the role of social networks has emerged. Given that sport participation often provides opportunities for social engagement, a space to explore Self-managemt at the intersection of medical sociology and the sociology of sport has opened up. This article presents findings from an exploratory qualitative study with organ transplant recipients who have participated in Transplant Games events – national and international multi-sport competitions for organ transplant recipients. Our findings illustrate how sport-based Social networks serve as resources for health-related knowledge, provide participants with additional affective support and help shape health expectations for the future. Although sport-based Social networks were seen as an overwhelmingly positive resource for our participants, it is plausible that harmful unintended consequences could arise for patients with existing Self-managemt issues. As such, it is recommended that people seeking to use sport as a tool to enhance illness Self-managemt should consider the various and powerful ways that Social networks can be impactful and anticipate the potential consequences accordingly.

scholarly journals Identification of circRNA circ-CSPP1 as a potent driver of colorectal cancer by directly targeting the miR-431/LASP1 axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 523-536
Author(s):  
Minghao Li ◽  
Jianbin Zhuang ◽  
Di Kang ◽  
Yuzhuo Chen ◽  
Weiliang Song
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cell Progression ◽  
Crc Management ◽  
Common Malignancy

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in cancer biology. The purpose of the current work is to investigate the precise parts of circRNA centrosome and spindle pole-associated protein 1 (circ-CSPP1) in the progression of CRC. Our data showed that circ-CSPP1 was significantly overexpressed in CRC tissues and cells. The knockdown of circ-CSPP1 attenuated cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted apoptosis in vitro and weakened tumor growth in vivo. circ-CSPP1 directly targeted miR-431, and circ-CSPP1 knockdown modulated CRC cell progression in vitro via upregulating miR-431. Moreover, LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) was a functional target of miR-431 in modulating CRC cell malignant progression. Furthermore, circ-CSPP1 in CRC cells functioned as a posttranscriptional regulator on LASP1 expression by targeting miR-431. Our present study identified the oncogenic role of circ-CSPP1 in CRC partially by the modulation of the miR-431/LASP1 axis, providing evidence for circ-CSPP1 as a promising biomarker for CRC management.

Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Inflammation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wei ◽  
Guo-hua Hu ◽  
Hou-yong Kang ◽  
Hong-bing Yao ◽  
Wei Kou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon

JAK2/STAT3 in role of arsenic-induced cell proliferation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shugang Li ◽  
Shanshan Ran ◽  
Qingxin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Effect Relationship

Abstract Objectives Malignant cell proliferation is one of the important mechanisms of arsenic poisoning. A large number of studies have shown that STAT3 plays an important role in cell malignant proliferation, but there are still many contradictions in the effect of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. This study aims to explore the role of JAK2/STAT3 in arsenic-induced cell proliferation. Methods By taking normal cells as the research object and using Standard Mean Difference (SMD) as the effect size, meta-analysis was used to explore the effect of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. Then, the dose-effect Meta was used to further clarify the dose-effect relationship of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. Results Through meta-analysis, this study found that arsenic could promote the phosphorylation of STAT3 (SMD=4.21, 95%CI [1.05, 7.37]), and increase IL-6 and p-JAK2, Vimentin, VEGF expression levels, thereby inducing malignant cell proliferation. In addition, this study also found that arsenic exposure dose (<5 μmol m−3), time(<24 h) and cell type were important sources of heterogeneity in the process of exploring the effects of arsenic on p-STAT3, IL-6 and p-JAK2. Dose-effect relationship meta-analysis results showed that arsenic exposure significantly increased the expression level of IL-6. When the arsenic exposure concentration was less than 7 μmol m−3, the expression level of p-JAK2 upregulated significantly as the arsenic exposure concentration gradually increasing. Moreover, the expression level of p-STAT3 elevated significantly with the gradual increase of the arsenic concentration under 5 μmol m−3 of arsenic exposure, but the expression level of p-STAT3 gradually decreases when the concentration is greater than 5 μmol m−3. Conclusions Exposure to low dose of arsenic could promote the expression of JAK2/STAT3 and induce the malignant proliferation of cells through upregulating IL-6, and there was dose-effect relationship among them.

Impact of some environmental chemical carcinogens on the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors and possible mechanisms of its realization (literary review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
I.O. Chernychenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Balenko ◽  
O.M. Lytvychenko ◽  
V.F. Babii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Environmental Carcinogens ◽  
Chemical Carcinogens ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pollution Emissions

Objective: We determined the possible effects of priority chemical environmental carcinogens on the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors and the mechanisms of their effect on the basis of the analysis of literature data and our own research. Results: The performed analysis demonstrates the scanity of the research devoted to the study of chemical carcinogens which are concerned only with the class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzo(a)pyrene (BP), atmospheric pollution, emissions from vehicles, the cadmium heavy metal and products of smoking containing these substances. The connection with PAH (BP) and the development of breast, ovarian cancer, cadmium with the development of breast, endometrial, ovarian cancer in women and prostate cancer in men was established. Epidemiological data, combined with experimental ones, suggest a possible contribution of carcinogens into the increase of the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors. At the same time, mechanisms of action of PAH and cadmium on the development of hormone-dependent tumors are unclear. The accumulated experimental and epidemiological data allow us to conclude that the oncological danger of these carcinogens lies in the combination of genotoxic and hormone-mimetic properties; the main mechanisms, involved in the realization of the effect of BP and cadmium, are associated with changes and disorders at different levels of the structural and functional organization of the organism, including the endocrine system, which can lead to the development of tumors. The urgency of the problem of the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors and the potential role of the studied chemical carcinogens as pollutants of the environment of human functions indicate the need to take these circumstances into account when developing and implementing preventive measures.

scholarly journals Antioxidants for Healthy Skin: The Emerging Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors and Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2-Related Factor-2

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masutaka Furue ◽  
Hiroshi Uchi ◽  
Chikage Mitoma ◽  
Akiko Hashimoto-Hachiya ◽  
Takahito Chiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document