scholarly journals Farnesol-Loaded Liposomes Protect the Epidermis and Dermis from PM2.5-Induced Cutaneous Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6076
Author(s):  
Yu-Chiuan Wu ◽  
Wei-Yun Chen ◽  
Chun-Yin Chen ◽  
Sheng I. Lee ◽  
Yu-Wen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cutaneous Injury ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation

Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) increases oxidative stress through free radical generation and incomplete volatilization. In addition to affecting the respiratory system, PM2.5 causes aging- and inflammation-related damage to skin. Farnesol (Farn), a natural benzyl semiterpene, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antibacterial properties. However, because of its poor water solubility and cytotoxicity at high concentrations, the biomedical applications of Farn have been limited. This study examined the deleterious effects of PM2.5 on the epidermis and dermis. In addition, Farn-encapsulated liposomes (Lipo-Farn) and gelatin/HA/xanthan gel containing Lipo-Farn were prepared and applied in vivo to repair and alleviate PM2.5-induced damage and inflammation in skin. The prepared Lipo-Farn was 342 ± 90 nm in diameter with an encapsulation rate of 69%; the encapsulation significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of Farn. Lipo-Farn exhibited a slow-release rate of 35% after 192 h of incubation. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of PM2.5 was approximately 850 μg/mL, and ≥400 μg/mL PM2.5 significantly increased IL-6 production in skin fibroblasts. Severe impairment in the epidermis and hair follicles and moderate impairment in the dermis were found in the groups treated with post-PM2.5 and continuous subcutaneous injection of PM2.5. Acute and chronic inflammation was observed in the skin in both experimental categories in vivo. Treatment with 4 mM Lipo-Farn largely repaired PM2.5-induced injury in the epidermis and dermis, restored injured hair follicles, and alleviated acute and chronic inflammation induced by PM2.5 in rat skin. In addition, treatment with 4 mM pure Farn and 2 mM Lipo-Farn exerted moderate reparative and anti-inflammatory effects on impaired skin. The findings of the current study indicate the therapeutic and protective effects of Lipo-Farn against various injuries caused by PM2.5 in the pilosebaceous units, epidermis, and dermis of skin.

scholarly journals Investigating the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Curcumin-Loaded Silica-Containing Redox Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Khoa Minh Le ◽  
Nhu-Thuy Trinh ◽  
Vinh Dinh-Xuan Nguyen ◽  
Tien-Dat Van Nguyen ◽  
Thu-Ha Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Nitroxide Radical ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Chronic inflammation is considered as one of the challenging diseases, and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is strongly related to the onset of chronic inflammation. Therefore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory approaches are particularly becoming suitable treatment and prevention of inflammation. Curcumin (CUR), a main component of turmeric extract, is well known as an effective agent in both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, there are still some limitations of its use including poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and oxidation by ROS. Nanotechnology has been used as a drug delivery system, which is a promising approach in overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks of CUR; hence, it improves the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of conventional medications. In this research, silica-containing redox nanoparticles (siRNP) were designed with the size of several tens of nanometers, prepared by self-assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer consisting of drug absorptive silica moiety and ROS-scavenging nitroxide radical moiety in the hydrophobic segment. CUR was simply encapsulated into siRNP through the dialysis method, creating CUR-loaded siRNP (CUR@siRNP), which significantly improved the water solubility of CUR. The efficient antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect of CUR@siRNP in vitro were also improved via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage cell line activation, respectively. Oral administration of CUR@siRNP showed improvement in pharmacokinetic profile in vivo including AUC and Cmax values as compared to free CUR. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of nanoformulation was investigated in the colitis mouse model induced by dextran sodium sulfate.

scholarly journals The impact of indole-3-lactic acid on immature intestinal innate immunity and development: a transcriptomic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuyang Huang ◽  
Ky Young Cho ◽  
Di Meng ◽  
W. Allan Walker
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAn excessive intestinal inflammatory response may have a role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm infants. Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) of breastmilk tryptophan was identified as the anti-inflammatory metabolite involved in probiotic conditioned media from Bifidobacteria longum subsp infantis. This study aimed to explore the molecular endocytic pathways involved in the protective ILA effect against inflammation. H4 cells, Caco-2 cells, C57BL/6 pup and adult mice were used to compare the anti-inflammatory mechanisms between immature and mature enterocytes in vitro and in vivo. The results show that ILA has pleiotropic protective effects on immature enterocytes including anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and developmental regulatory potentials in a region-dependent and an age-dependent manner. Quantitative transcriptomic analysis revealed a new mechanistic model in which STAT1 pathways play an important role in IL-1β-induced inflammation and ILA has a regulatory effect on STAT1 pathways. These studies were validated by real-time RT-qPCR and STAT1 inhibitor experiments. Different protective reactions of ILA between immature and mature enterocytes indicated that ILA’s effects are developmentally regulated. These findings may be helpful in preventing NEC for premature infants.

scholarly journals Heart rate reduction with ivabradine promotes shear stress-dependent anti-inflammatory mechanisms in arteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (07) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luong Le ◽  
Hayley Duckles ◽  
Torsten Schenkel ◽  
Marwa Mahmoud ◽  
Jordi Tremoleda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
En Face ◽  
Inflammatory Activation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Stress Dependent

SummaryBlood flow generates wall shear stress (WSS) which alters endothelial cell (EC) function. Low WSS promotes vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis whereas high uniform WSS is protective. Ivabradine decreases heart rate leading to altered haemodynamics. Besides its cardio-protective effects, ivabradine protects arteries from inflammation and atherosclerosis via unknown mechanisms. We hypothesised that ivabradine protects arteries by increasing WSS to reduce vascular inflammation. Hypercholesterolaemic mice were treated with ivabradine for seven weeks in drinking water or remained untreated as a control. En face immunostaining demonstrated that treatment with ivabradine reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory VCAM-1 (p<0.01) and enhanced the expression of anti-inflammatory eNOS (p<0.01) at the inner curvature of the aorta. We concluded that ivabradine alters EC physiology indirectly via modulation of flow because treatment with ivabradine had no effect in ligated carotid arteries in vivo, and did not influence the basal or TNFα-induced expression of inflammatory (VCAM-1, MCP-1) or protective (eNOS, HMOX1, KLF2, KLF4) genes in cultured EC. We therefore considered whether ivabradine can alter WSS which is a regulator of EC inflammatory activation. Computational fluid dynamics demonstrated that ivabradine treatment reduced heart rate by 20 % and enhanced WSS in the aorta. In conclusion, ivabradine treatment altered haemodynamics in the murine aorta by increasing the magnitude of shear stress. This was accompanied by induction of eNOS and suppression of VCAM-1, whereas ivabradine did not alter EC that could not respond to flow. Thus ivabradine protects arteries by altering local mechanical conditions to trigger an anti-inflammatory response.

Aloe Metabolites Prevent LPS-Induced Sepsis and Inflammatory Response by Inhibiting Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (04) ◽  
pp. 847-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Yang Li ◽  
Katsuhiko Suzuki ◽  
Yung-Li Hung ◽  
Meng-Syuan Yang ◽  
Chung-Ping Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Aloe, a polyphenolic anthranoid-containing Aloe vera leaves, is a Chinese medicine and a popular dietary supplement worldwide. In in vivo situations, polyphenolic anthranoids are extensively broken down into glucuronides and sulfate metabolites by the gut and the liver. The anti-inflammatory potential of aloe metabolites has not been examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of aloe metabolites from in vitro (lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages) and ex vivo (LPS-activated peritoneal macrophages) to in vivo (LPS-induced septic mice). The production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-12) and NO was determined by ELISA and Griess reagents, respectively. The expression levels of iNOS and MAPKs were analyzed by Western blot. Our results showed that aloe metabolites inhibited the expression of iNOS, decreased the production of TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-12, and NO, and suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs by LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, aloe metabolites reduced the production of NO, TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-12 by murine peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, aloe administration significantly reduced the NO level and exhibited protective effects against sepsis-related death in LPS-induced septic mice. These results suggest that aloe metabolites exerted anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, and that these effects were associated with the inhibition of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, aloe could be considered an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of sepsis.

scholarly journals Injectable mechanical pillows for attenuation of load-induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Derek T Holyoak ◽  
Tibra A Wheeler ◽  
Marjolein C H van der Meulen ◽  
Ankur Singh
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint is a degenerative disease initiated by mechanical stress that affects millions of individuals. The disease manifests as joint damage and synovial inflammation. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a specific form of OA caused by mechanical trauma to the joint. The progression of PTOA is prevented by immediate post-injury therapeutic intervention. Intra-articular injection of anti-inflammatory therapeutics (e.g. corticosteroids) is a common treatment option for OA before end-stage surgical intervention. However, the efficacy of intra-articular injection is limited due to poor drug retention time in the joint space and the variable efficacy of corticosteroids. Here, we endeavored to characterize a four-arm maleimide-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG-4MAL) hydrogel system as a ‘mechanical pillow’ to cushion the load-bearing joint, withstand repetitive loading and improve the efficacy of intra-articular injections of nanoparticles containing dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory agent. PEG-4MAL hydrogels maintained their mechanical properties after physiologically relevant cyclic compression and released therapeutic payload in an on-demand manner under in vitro inflammatory conditions. Importantly, the on-demand hydrogels did not release nanoparticles under repetitive mechanical loading as experienced by daily walking. Although dexamethasone had minimal protective effects on OA-like pathology in our studies, the PEG-4MAL hydrogel functioned as a mechanical pillow to protect the knee joint from cartilage degradation and inhibit osteophyte formation in an in vivo load-induced OA mouse model.

scholarly journals Heme Oxygenase-1, a Key Enzyme for the Cytoprotective Actions of Halophenols by Upregulating Nrf2 Expression via Activating Erk1/2 and PI3K/Akt in EA.hy926 Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu E. Feng ◽  
Tai Gang Liang ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
De Peng Kong ◽  
Rui Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Ea.Hy926 Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a key enzyme triggered by cellular stress, exhibiting cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory abilities. Previously, we prepared a series of novel active halophenols possessing strong antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we demonstrated that these halophenols exhibited significant protective effects against H2O2-induced injury in EA.hy926 cells by inhibition of apoptosis and ROS and TNF-αproduction, as well as induction of the upregulation of HO-1, the magnitude of which correlated with their cytoprotective actions. Further experiments which aimed to determine the mechanistic basis of these actions indicated that the halophenols induced the activation of Nrf2, Erk1/2, and PI3K/Akt without obvious effects on the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, or the expression of PKC-δ. This was validated with the use of PD98059 and Wortmannin, specific inhibitors of Erk1/2 and PI3K, respectively. Overall, our study is the first to demonstrate that the cytoprotective actions of halophenols involve their antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory abilities, which are mediated by the upregulation of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression and reductions in ROS and TNF-αgeneration via the activation of Erk1/2 and PI3K/Akt in EA.hy926 cells. HO-1 may thus be an important potential target for further research into the cytoprotective actions of halophenols.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Targeted Delivery of SOD to Endothelium: Mechanism, Synergism with NO Donors and Protective Effects In Vitro and In Vivo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e77002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Shuvaev ◽  
Jingyan Han ◽  
Samira Tliba ◽  
Evguenia Arguiri ◽  
Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
No Donors ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

scholarly journals Caloric restriction confers persistent anti-oxidative, pro-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects and promotes anti-aging miRNA expression profile in cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells of aged rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (3) ◽  
pp. H292-H306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Csiszar ◽  
Tripti Gautam ◽  
Danuta Sosnowska ◽  
Stefano Tarantini ◽  
Eszter Banki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cerebrovascular Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In rodents, moderate caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition exerts significant cerebrovascular protective effects, improving cortical microvascular density and endothelium-dependent vasodilation, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain elusive. To elucidate the persisting effects of CR on cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells (CMVECs), primary CMVECs were isolated from young (3 mo old) and aged (24 mo old) ad libitum-fed and aged CR F344xBN rats. We found an age-related increase in cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress, which is prevented by CR. Expression and transcriptional activity of Nrf2 are both significantly reduced in aged CMVECs, whereas CR prevents age-related Nrf2 dysfunction. Expression of miR-144 was upregulated in aged CMVECs, and overexpression of miR-144 significantly decreased expression of Nrf2 in cells derived from both young animals and aged CR rats. Overexpression of a miR-144 antagomir in aged CMVECs significantly decreases expression of miR-144 and upregulates Nrf2. We found that CR prevents age-related impairment of angiogenic processes, including cell proliferation, adhesion to collagen, and formation of capillary-like structures and inhibits apoptosis in CMVECs. CR also exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects, preventing age-related increases in the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and age-associated pro-inflammatory shift in the endothelial secretome. Characterization of CR-induced changes in miRNA expression suggests that they likely affect several critical functions in endothelial cell homeostasis. The predicted regulatory effects of CR-related differentially expressed miRNAs in aged CMVECs are consistent with the anti-aging endothelial effects of CR observed in vivo. Collectively, we find that CR confers persisting anti-oxidative, pro-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory cellular effects, preserving a youthful phenotype in rat cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells, suggesting that through these effects CR may improve cerebrovascular function and prevent vascular cognitive impairment.

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