scholarly journals Effect of Different Bone Grafting Materials and Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Bone Regeneration: A Micro-Computed Tomography and Histomorphometric Study in a Rabbit Calvarial Defect Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8101
Author(s):  
Shiau-Ting Shiu ◽  
Wei-Fang Lee ◽  
Sheng-Min Chen ◽  
Liu-Ting Hao ◽  
Yuan-Ting Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Defect Model ◽  
Bone Grafting Materials ◽  
Grafting Materials ◽  
Empty Control

This study evaluated the new bone formation potential of micro–macro biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) and Bio-Oss grafting materials with and without dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a rabbit calvarial bone defect model. The surface structure of the grafting materials was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The multipotent differentiation characteristics of the DPSCs and BMSCs were assessed. Four circular bone defects were created in the calvarium of 24 rabbits and randomly allocated to eight experimental groups: empty control, MBCP, MBCP+DPSCs, MBCP+BMSCs, Bio-Oss+DPSCs, Bio-Oss+BMSCs, and autogenous bone. A three-dimensional analysis of the new bone formation was performed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and a histological study after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of healing. Homogenously porous structures were observed in both grafting materials. The BMSCs revealed higher osteogenic differentiation capacities, whereas the DPSCs exhibited higher colony-forming units. The micro-CT and histological analysis findings for the new bone formation were consistent. In general, the empty control showed the lowest bone regeneration capacity throughout the experimental period. By contrast, the percentage of new bone formation was the highest in the autogenous bone group after 2 (39.4% ± 4.7%) and 4 weeks (49.7% ± 1.5%) of healing (p < 0.05). MBCP and Bio-Oss could provide osteoconductive support and prevent the collapse of the defect space for new bone formation. In addition, more osteoblastic cells lining the surface of the newly formed bone and bone grafting materials were observed after incorporating the DPSCs and BMSCs. After 8 weeks of healing, the autogenous bone group (54.9% ± 6.1%) showed a higher percentage of new bone formation than the empty control (35.3% ± 0.5%), MBCP (38.3% ± 6.0%), MBCP+DPSC (39.8% ± 5.7%), Bio-Oss (41.3% ± 3.5%), and Bio-Oss+DPSC (42.1% ± 2.7%) groups. Nevertheless, the percentage of new bone formation did not significantly differ between the MBCP+BMSC (47.2% ± 8.3%) and Bio-Oss+BMSC (51.2% ± 9.9%) groups and the autogenous bone group. Our study results demonstrated that autogenous bone is the gold standard. Both the DPSCs and BMSCs enhanced the osteoconductive capacities of MBCP and Bio-Oss. In addition, the efficiency of the BMSCs combined with MBCP and Bio-Oss was comparable to that of the autogenous bone after 8 weeks of healing. These findings provide effective strategies for the improvement of biomaterials and MSC-based bone tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Osteoprogenitor cells can enhance early bone formation in critical bone defects in dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrigo Gabellini Leonel Alves ◽  
Rogéria Serakides ◽  
Isabel Rodrigues Rosado ◽  
Omar Leonardo Aristizabal Paez ◽  
Jéssica Alejandra Castro Varon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Osteoprogenitor Cells ◽  
Critical Bone Defects

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of osteoprogenitor cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (OC-AD-MSCs), and differentiated into osteoblasts, in the treatment of critical bone defects in dogs. Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) were subjected to osteogenic differentiation for 21 days and used in the treatment of bone defects in dogs radius. Either three experimental groups were bone defects treated with OC-AD-MSCs (OC), defects filled with autogenous bone (Control- C +), or empty defects (Control- C -). Bone regeneration was assessed by radiology, densitometry, and histomorphometry. The area of new bone formation was higher in the OC group compared to the control group (C-) on postoperative day 15. Defects treated with OC-AD-MSCs showed greater neovascularization than the other two groups at 90 days. We concluded that treatment with OC-AD-MSCs increased the area of new bone formation 15 days after surgery; however, it didn’t complete the bone union in critical bone defects in the radius of dogs at 90 days.

scholarly journals 3D Culture of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Could Improve Bone Regeneration in 3D-Printed Porous Ti6Al4V Scaffolds

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjia Yu ◽  
Yuanhao Wu ◽  
Jieying Liu ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Bupeng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Bone Defect Reconstruction

Mandibular bone defect reconstruction is an urgent challenge due to the requirements for daily eating and facial aesthetics. Three-dimensional- (3D-) printed titanium (Ti) scaffolds could provide patient-specific implants for bone defects. Appropriate load-bearing properties are also required during bone reconstruction, which makes them potential candidates for mandibular bone defect reconstruction implants. However, in clinical practice, the insufficient osteogenesis of the scaffolds needs to be further improved. In this study, we first encapsulated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into Matrigel. Subsequently, the BMSC-containing Matrigels were infiltrated into porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds. The Matrigels in the scaffolds provided a 3D culture environment for the BMSCs, which was important for osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation. Our results showed that rats with a full thickness of critical mandibular defects treated with Matrigel-infiltrated Ti6Al4V scaffolds exhibited better new bone formation than rats with local BMSC injection or Matrigel-treated defects. Our data suggest that Matrigel is able to create a more favorable 3D microenvironment for BMSCs, and Matrigel containing infiltrated BMSCs may be a promising method for enhancing the bone formation properties of 3D-printed Ti6Al4V scaffolds. We suggest that this approach provides an opportunity to further improve the efficiency of stem cell therapy for the treatment of mandibular bone defects.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Review of Adipose Stem Cells and Their Implication in Distraction Osteogenesis and Bone Regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina W. Morcos ◽  
Hadil Al-Jallad ◽  
Reggie Hamdy
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Adipose Stem Cells ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Autogenous Bone Grafts

Bone is one of the most dynamic tissues in the human body that can heal following injury without leaving a scar. However, in instances of extensive bone loss, this intrinsic capacity of bone to heal may not be sufficient and external intervention becomes necessary. Several techniques are available to address this problem, including autogenous bone grafts and allografts. However, all these techniques have their own limitations. An alternative method is the technique of distraction osteogenesis, where gradual and controlled distraction of two bony segments after osteotomy leads to induction of new bone formation. Although distraction osteogenesis usually gives satisfactory results, its major limitation is the prolonged duration of time required before the external fixator is removed, which may lead to numerous complications. Numerous methods to accelerate bone formation in the context of distraction osteogenesis have been reported. A viable alternative to autogenous bone grafts for a source of osteogenic cells is mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow. However, there are certain problems with bone marrow aspirate. Hence, scientists have investigated other sources for mesenchymal stem cells, specifically adipose tissue, which has been shown to be an excellent source of mesenchymal stem cells. In this paper, the potential use of adipose stem cells to stimulate bone formation is discussed.

scholarly journals Apoptosis Repressor with Caspase Domain (ARC) Promotes Bone Regeneration of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Activating Fgf-2/PI3K/Akt Signaling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longwei Hu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Hongya Pan ◽  
Kathreena Kadir ◽  
Jin Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
New Bone Formation

Abstract Objectives:This study aims to investigate whether ARC could promote survival and enhance osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).Material and methods:Lentivirus transfection method was used to establish ARC overexpressed BMSCs. CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation. The BD Pharmingen™ APC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection kit was used to detect cell apoptosis. The osteogenic capacity was investigated by OCN immunofluoresence staining, ALP, ARS assay and RT-PCR analysis. Cells were seeded into CPC scaffolds, then inserted into subcutaneous of nude mice and the defect area of rat’s calvarium. Histological analysis was conducted to evaluate in vivo cell apoptosis and new bone formation ability of ARC overexpressed BMSCs. RNA-seq method was used to detect the possible mechanism of the effect of ARC on BMSCs. Results:ARC can promote BMSCs proliferation and inhibit its cell apoptosis. ARC can enhance BMSCs osteogenic differentiation in vitro. In vivo study revealed ARC can inhibit BMSCs’ apoptosis and increase its new bone formation ability. ARC regulates BMSCs mainly by activating Fgf-2/PI3K/Akt pathway.Conclusions: The present study suggested that ARC is a powerful agent to promote bone regeneration of BMSCs and provides a promising method for bone tissue engineering.

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