scholarly journals Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase Genes of Chimonanthus praecox, CpCCD7 and CpCCD8, Regulate Shoot Branching in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8750
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Daofeng Liu ◽  
Jie Lin ◽  
Ting Zhu ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Development ◽  
Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase ◽  
Shoot Branching ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Branch Development ◽  
Axillary Bud Growth ◽  
Chimonanthus Praecox

Strigolactones (SLs) regulate plant shoot development by inhibiting axillary bud growth and branching. However, the role of SLs in wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) shoot branching remains unknown. Here, we identified and isolated two wintersweet genes, CCD7 and CCD8, involved in the SL biosynthetic pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 were down-regulated in wintersweet during branching. When new shoots were formed, expression levels of CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 were almost the same as the control (un-decapitation). CpCCD7 was expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression in shoot tips and roots, while CpCCD8 showed the highest expression in roots. Both CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 localized to chloroplasts in Arabidopsis. CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 overexpression restored the phenotypes of branching mutant max3-9 and max4-1, respectively. CpCCD7 overexpression reduced the rosette branch number, whereas CpCCD8 overexpression lines showed no phenotypic differences compared with wild-type plants. Additionally, the expression of AtBRC1 was significantly up-regulated in transgenic lines, indicating that two CpCCD genes functioned similarly to the homologous genes of the Arabidopsis. Overall, our study demonstrates that CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 exhibit conserved functions in the CCD pathway, which controls shoot development in wintersweet. This research provides a molecular and theoretical basis for further understanding branch development in wintersweet.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase Genes of Chimonanthus praecox, CpCCD7 and CpCCD8, Regulate Shoot Branching in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Daofeng Liu ◽  
Jie Lin ◽  
Ting Zhu ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Development ◽  
Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase ◽  
Shoot Branching ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Branch Development ◽  
Axillary Bud Growth ◽  
Chimonanthus Praecox

Strigolactones (SLs) regulate plant shoot development by inhibiting axillary bud growth and branching. However, the role of SLs in wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) shoot branching remains unknown. Here, we identified and isolated two wintersweet genes, CCD7 and CCD8, in-volved in the SL biosynthetic pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 were down-regulated in wintersweet during branching. When new shoots were formed, expression levels of CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 were almost the same as the control (un-decapitation). CpCCD7 was expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression in shoot tips and roots, while CpCCD8 showed the highest expression in roots. Both CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 localized to chloroplasts in Arabidopsis. CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 overexpression restored the phenotypes of branching mutant max3-9 and max4-1, respectively. CpCCD7 overexpression reduced the rosette branch number, whereas CpCCD8 overexpression lines showed no phenotypic differences compared with wild-type plants. Additionally, the expression of AtBRC1 was significantly up-regulated in transgenic lines, indicating that two CpCCD genes functioned similarly to the homologous genes of the Arabidopsis. Overall, our study demonstrates that CpCCD7 and CpCCD8 exhibit conserved functions in the CCD pathway, which controls shoot development in wintersweet. This research provides a molecular and theoretical basis for further understanding branch development in wintersweet.

Papaya performance unaffected by lateral shoot pruning

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Bryan R. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Date Fruit ◽  
Branch Development ◽  
Lateral Branches

The practice of axillary shoot removal in young (3 to 4 mo) trees of papaya cultivar Puerto Rico 6-65 was examined in field experiments in 1993 and 1995 to determine whether or not subsequent performance is affected. No significant differences were observed between pruned and unpruned plants for flowering date, fruiting date, fruit yield, days to virus infection or virus severity. Significant differences were observed between years for all variables. In an unpruned papaya germplasm collection of 40 genotypes planted in 1993 and 1995, 17 (43%) had no lateral branch development, and 21 (53%) had a mean branch number of less than one per tree. Only two genotypes had a mean branch number greater than one per tree. The pruning of axillary shoots on young papaya plants apparently has no effect on flowering, fruiting or disease control. Most papaya genotypes produce few or no lateral branches when left unpruned. Any lateral branches that are produced can be removed at the time of the first harvest.

scholarly journals Improving the Efficacy of Cytokinin Applications for Stimulation of Lateral Branch Development in Young Sweet Cherry Trees in the Orchard

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don C. Elfving ◽  
Dwayne B. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Branch Development ◽  
Bud Removal ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Cherry Trees

Improving lateral branch development in young sweet cherry trees without reliance on pruning is a desirable component of tree training programs, especially for high-density systems. Applications of two proprietary formulations of 6-benzyladenine and gibberellins A4 and A7 (Promalin, Valent Biosciences, Walnut Creek, Calif.; and Perlan, Fine Americas, Walnut Creek, Calif.) to individual buds or intact bark of unpruned sweet cherry central leader shoots at green-tip had little effect on lateral shoot growth from buds or on distribution of new shoot growth along the treated leader shoots. Scoring, nicking, or notching cuts alone also had inconsistent effects on shoot development and distribution. In some trials, bud removal (or disbudding, removing every fourth bud on 1-year-old shoots) produced limited improvement of lateral shoot development and vertical distribution. Combining nicking, notching, scoring, or bark scraping with the application of cytokinin–gibberellic acid solution to the cut area greatly improved both number of shoots developed and the numbers originating from the lower portions of treated leader shoots. Removing the physical barrier to bioregulator product contact with active tissues was a primary factor in improving treatment efficacy.

scholarly journals Comparison of Proteins Involved in Pilus Synthesis and Mating Pair Stabilization from the Related Plasmids F and R100-1: Insights into the Mechanism of Conjugation

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (17) ◽  
pp. 5149-5159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen G. Anthony ◽  
William A. Klimke ◽  
Jan Manchak ◽  
Laura S. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Recipient Cell ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Mating Pair ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Specific Phage ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
New Information ◽  
Transfer Region ◽  
Phage Sensitivity

ABSTRACT F and R100-1 are closely related, derepressed, conjugative plasmids from the IncFI and IncFII incompatibility groups, respectively. Heteroduplex mapping and genetic analyses have revealed that the transfer regions are extremely similar between the two plasmids. Plasmid specificity can occur at the level of relaxosome formation, regulation, and surface exclusion between the two transfer systems. There are also differences in pilus serology, pilus-specific phage sensitivity, and requirements for OmpA and lipopolysaccharide components in the recipient cell. These phenotypic differences were exploited in this study to yield new information about the mechanism of pilus synthesis, mating pair stabilization, and surface and/or entry exclusion, which are collectively involved in mating pair formation (Mpf). The sequence of the remainder of the transfer region of R100-1 (trbA to traS) has been completed, and the complete sequence is compared to that of F. The differences between the two transfer regions include insertions and deletions, gene duplications, and mosaicism within genes, although the genes essential for Mpf are conserved in both plasmids. F+ cells carrying defined mutations in each of the Mpf genes were complemented with the homologous genes from R100-1. Our results indicate that the specificity in recipient cell recognition and entry exclusion are mediated by TraN and TraG, respectively, and not by the pilus.

Stimulation of lateral branch formation on Ilex paraguariensis (Aquifoliaceae) seedlings

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sansberro ◽  
L. Mroginski ◽  
R. Bottini
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Acid Sodium Salt ◽  
Branch Formation ◽  
Branch Development ◽  
Control Tree

Intensive yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) orchard management is needed to improve productivity. Full size trees with strong apical dominance are being replaced by smaller, more efficient trees, planted at higher densities for mechanical harvest. The production potential of a high-density field is maximised when cultural methods that control tree size and induce a significant number of well-distributed branches are used. The application of chemical pruning agents to shape the architecture of the seedling may be a viable alternative to induce lateral shoot development in replacement of the hand pruning technique. Nursery grown yerba mate seedlings were treated with a single foliar spray of aqueous solutions containing either benzyladenine (BA), 2,3:4,6-di-o-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid sodium salt (dikegulac) or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), at the beginning of the second flash of growth (summer). A hand-pruned treatment was also included. BA-treated plants produced more new shoots than untreated controls or plants that received other treatments. BA treatment at 8.8 mmol/L increased the number of branches to up to 8 branches per single stem. Control plants sprayed with distilled water did not branch, while hand-pruned plants rarely showed more than 1 branch. Dikegulac was less effective than BA at promoting lateral branch development and its phytotoxicity was concentration dependent. TIBA did not stimulate budbreak; in addition, primary shoot development was delayed and leaf indentations were apparent. The results suggest that BA can be used to obtain high quality multiply-branched yerba mate plants.

scholarly journals Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis provides insight into chilling-induced dormancy breaking in Chimonanthus praecox

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhineng Li ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Chunyu Wu ◽  
Yingjie Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Chimonanthus Praecox ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractChilling has a critical role in the growth and development of perennial plants. The chilling requirement (CR) for dormancy breaking largely depends on the species. However, global warming is expected to negatively affect chilling accumulation and dormancy release in a wide range of perennial plants. Here, we used Chimonanthus praecox as a model to investigate the CR for dormancy breaking under natural and artificial conditions. We determined the minimum CR (570 chill units, CU) needed for chilling-induced dormancy breaking and analyzed the transcriptomes and proteomes of flowering and non-flowering flower buds (FBs, anther and ovary differentiation completed) with different CRs. The concentrations of ABA and GA3 in the FBs were also determined using HPLC. The results indicate that chilling induced an upregulation of ABA levels and significant downregulation of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologs at the transcript level in FBs when the accumulated CR reached 570 CU (IB570) compared to FBs in November (FB.Nov, CK) and nF16 (non-flowering FBs after treatment at 16 °C for −300 CU), which suggested that dormancy breaking of FBs could be regulated by the ABA-mediated SVP-FT module. Overexpression in Arabidopsis was used to confirm the function of candidate genes, and early flowering was induced in 35S::CpFT1 transgenic lines. Our data provide insight into the minimum CR (570 CU) needed for chilling-induced dormancy breaking and its underlying regulatory mechanism in C. praecox, which provides a new tool for the artificial regulation of flowering time and a rich gene resource for controlling chilling-induced blooming.

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