scholarly journals Epigenetic Mechanisms in Type 2 Diabetes Retinopathy: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10502
Author(s):  
Agostino Milluzzo ◽  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Martina Barchitta ◽  
Laura Sciacca ◽  
Antonella Agodi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Promoter Hypermethylation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Diabetes Retinopathy ◽  
Modifiable Factors

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main causes of vision loss in middle-aged economically active people. Modifiable (i.e., hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, and cigarette smoke) and non-modifiable factors (i.e., duration of diabetes, puberty, pregnancy and genetic susceptibility) are involved in the development of DR. Epigenetic mechanisms, modulating the oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and aging, could influence the course of DR. Herein, we conducted a systematic review of observational studies investigating how epigenetics affects type 2 diabetes retinopathy (T2DR). A total of 23 epidemiological studies were included: 14 studies focused on miRNA, 4 studies on lnc-RNA, one study on both miRNA and lnc-RNA, and 4 studies on global or gene-specific DNA methylation. A direct relation between the dysregulation of miR-21, miR-93, and miR-221 and FPG, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR was identified. A panel of three miRNAs (hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-novel-chr5_15976, and hsa-miR-28-3p) demonstrated a good sensitivity and specificity for predicting T2DR. Little evidence is available regarding the possible role of the long non-coding MALAT1 dysregulation and MTHFR gene promoter hypermethylation. Despite these initial, encouraging findings potentially suggesting a role of epigenetics in T2DR, the use in clinical practice for the diagnosis and staging of this complication encounters several difficulties and further targeted investigations are still necessary.

scholarly journals The Role of Aerobic Training Variables Progression on Glycemic Control of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Sudatti Delevatti ◽  
Cláudia Gomes Bracht ◽  
Salime Donida Chedid Lisboa ◽  
Rochelle Rocha Costa ◽  
Elisa Corrêa Marson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals The Inclusion of Ethnic Minority Patients and the Role of Language in Telehealth Trials for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. e256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia Isaacs ◽  
Daniel Hunt ◽  
Danielle Ward ◽  
Leila Rooshenas ◽  
Louisa Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Ethnic Minority

scholarly journals No Association Between Statin Use and the Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer in Women With Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Urpilainen ◽  
Anne Ahtikoski ◽  
Reetta Arima ◽  
Ulla Puistola ◽  
Peeter Karihtala
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Statin Use

Preclinical studies have suggested statins have antiproliferative and anti-metastatic effects on endometrial cancer cells. Similarly, most previous epidemiological studies have reported a better prognosis of endometrial cancer in patients who used statins. In this study, we explored the role of statins in the prognosis of endometrial cancer in women with type 2 diabetes in a hospital-based cohort. This retrospective cohort consisted of 119 women with type 2 diabetes who were diagnosed and treated for endometrial cancer at Oulu University Hospital, Finland, between 2007 and 2014. The patients were classified as statin users (n = 58) and nonusers (n = 61) based on the type of medication they were using at the time of endometrial cancer diagnosis. Statin use showed no association with progression-free survival or overall survival in the whole cohort nor the subgroups with type I or type II histology, in lower or higher body mass index groups, or at an early or advanced stage. The results remained similar in the multivariate analysis after adjusting for the patient’s age, cancer stage, and histology. Furthermore, statin use seemed not to have any association with most of the prognostic factors at the time of endometrial cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals On the Role of Spirituality and Religiosity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management—A Systematic Review

Psychology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 728-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Darvyri ◽  
Stavros Christodoulakis ◽  
Michael Galanakis ◽  
Adamantios G. Avgoustidis ◽  
Anastasia Thanopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Management

scholarly journals Epigenetics and gestational diabetes: a review of epigenetic epidemiology studies and their use to explore epigenetic mediation and improve prediction

Diabetologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2171-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Elliott ◽  
Gemma C. Sharp ◽  
Caroline L. Relton ◽  
Deborah A. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Epidemiology ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

Abstract Epigenetics encapsulates a group of molecular mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNAs (miRNAs). Gestational diabetes (GDM) increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and is associated with future offspring risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. It has been hypothesised that epigenetic mechanisms mediate an effect of GDM on offspring adiposity and type 2 diabetes and this could provide a modifiable mechanism to reduce type 2 diabetes in the next generation. Evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. Epigenetic epidemiology could also contribute to reducing type 2 diabetes by identifying biomarkers that accurately predict risk of GDM and its associated future adverse outcomes. We reviewed published human studies that explored associations between any of maternal GDM, type 2 diabetes, gestational fasting or post-load glucose and any epigenetic marker (DNA methylation, histone modification or miRNA). Of the 81 relevant studies we identified, most focused on the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating intrauterine effects of GDM on offspring outcomes. Studies were small (median total number of participants 58; median number of GDM cases 27) and most did not attempt replication. The most common epigenetic measure analysed was DNA methylation. Most studies that aimed to explore epigenetic mediation examined associations of in utero exposure to GDM with offspring cord or infant blood/placenta DNA methylation. Exploration of any causal effect, or effect on downstream offspring outcomes, was lacking. There is a need for more robust methods to explore the role of epigenetic mechanisms as possible mediators of effects of exposure to GDM on future risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Research to identify epigenetic biomarkers to improve identification of women at risk of GDM and its associated adverse (maternal and offspring) outcomes is currently rare but could contribute to future tools for accurate risk stratification.

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