scholarly journals Optimizing Trap Characteristics to Monitor the Leaffooted Bug Leptoglossus zonatus (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Orchards

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Houston Wilson ◽  
Jessica Maccaro ◽  
Kent Daane
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Current Monitoring

The leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus zonatus (Heteroptera: Coreidae), has become a key pest of almonds, pistachios, and pomegranates in California. Adults and nymphs directly feed on nuts and fruits, which reduces crop yield and quality and can facilitate pathogen infections. Current monitoring strategies require growers to actively sample the tree canopy, with no economic thresholds being developed for this pest. To improve monitoring of L. zonatus, a three-year study was conducted to identify an optimal trap. A hanging cross-vane panel trap was identified as the best trap type in Year 1, and subsequent work in Years 1–3 focused on refining its use by modifying surface texture and color. Results indicated that coating trap surfaces with the lubricant fluon improved trap catching ability, and adults were most frequently recovered in yellow traps. A hanging cross-vane panel trap with these features could serve as the basis for the development of a new monitoring system for this pest in orchards, which could be improved further if semiochemical lures will be developed.

Sorghum mitigates climate variability and change on crop yield and quality

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerthi Chadalavada ◽  
B. D. Ranjitha Kumari ◽  
T. Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Climate Variability And Change ◽  
Yield And Quality

Evaluation of Harvest-Aid Herbicides as Desiccants in Lentil Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ti Zhang ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Field ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
General Reduction

Desiccants are currently used to improve lentil dry-down prior to harvest. Applying desiccants at growth stages prior to maturity may result in reduced crop yield and quality, and leave unacceptable herbicide residues in seeds. There is little information on whether various herbicides applied alone or as a tank-mix with glyphosate have an effect on glyphosate residues in harvested seed. Field trials were conducted at Saskatoon and Scott, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 2012 to 2014 to determine whether additional desiccants applied alone or tank mixed with glyphosate improve crop desiccation and reduce the potential for unacceptable glyphosate residue in seed. Glufosinate and diquat tank mixed with glyphosate were the most consistent desiccants, providing optimal crop dry-down and a general reduction in glyphosate seed residues without adverse effects on seed yield and weight. Saflufenacil provided good crop desiccation without yield loss, but failed to reduce glyphosate seed residues consistently. Pyraflufen-ethyl and flumioxazin applied alone or tank mixed with glyphosate were found to be inferior options for growers as they exhibited slow and incomplete crop desiccation, and did not decrease glyphosate seed residues. Based on results from this study, growers should apply glufosinate or diquat with preharvest glyphosate to maximize crop and weed desiccation, and minimize glyphosate seed residues.

Sweetpotato Tolerance to Halosulfuron Applied Postemergence

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. MacRae ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Roger B. Batts ◽  
Allan C. Thorton ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Total Crop

Studies were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to determine the effect of application timing and halosulfuron rate on sweetpotato yield and quality. Halosulfuron was applied 1, 2, and 4 wks after transplanting (WAP) sweetpotato in 2003, and 2, 3, and 4 WAP in 2004. Treatments within each timing included halosulfuron at 13, 26, 39, 52, and 65 g ai/ha plus a weed-free control. Combined over year, site, cultivar and rate, halosulfuron applied at 1, 2, 3, and 4 WAP stunted sweetpotato 32, 15, 11, and 14%, respectively, rated 2 wks after treatment. The stunting observed with the 1 and 2 WAP timings caused a 17 and 10% reduction in yield of No. 1 roots, respectively, compared with the weed-free control. The 3 and 4 WAP timings of halosulfuron did not reduce yield of No. 1 roots. Total yield was reduced approximately 11% at the 1, 2, and 3 WAP application timings. Halosulfuron at 4 WAP did not reduce total yield. Combined over year, site, and cultivar, halosulfuron applied at 39 g/ha did not reduce the weight of No. 1 roots or total crop yield and thus could be an effective POST option for weed control in sweetpotato.

scholarly journals Direct and indirect losses determining the harmfulness of mushrooms p. Fusarium – fusariosis causes wheat speak and grain

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Yu. K. Shashko ◽  
A. L. Dolgova ◽  
M. N. Shashko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
Indirect Losses

Fungi p. Fusarium is one of the most harmful pathogens of wheat diseases. Their harmfulness is caused both by direct losses due to decrease in yield, and indirect as a result of infection of the obtained products with mycotoxins and decrease in process, baking and sowing parameters of grain. Due to high potential losses, analysis of quantitative parameters of harmfulness of fusarium pathogens of spike and grain is relevant. The paper presents data showing the harmfulness of Fusarium of spike and wheat grain. The causes of direct and indirect losses in case of damage to wheat spike by fungi of p. Fusarium. Direct losses of crop yield are shown in the natural conditions of Minsk region and with the epiphytotic development of the disease in case of artificial infection, which can reach over 50 %. The effect of Fusaria on baking properties of wheat is analyzed. It was determined that grain damage causes decrease in weight of 1000 grains and the flour yield when it is used in the milling industry, as well as deterioration in its quality due to decrease in protein and crude gluten level. The effect of pathogens on sowing parameters of grain is determined. It is concluded that for use as seeds in terms of laboratory germination capacity, batches of grain infected with Fusarium only up to 15 % can be accepted. The data obtained will allow us to adapt protective measures against Fusarium of spike and grain and reduce its negative impact on crop yield and quality of the products obtained.

scholarly journals Crop Yield and Quality of Lentil Varieties in the Conditions of the Southeast of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Alma Zhumabaevna Saikenova ◽  
Mukhtar Sarsenbekovich Kudaibergenov ◽  
Taken Nurgassenovich Nurgassenov ◽  
Bakytzhan Rakhmetolinovich Saikenov ◽  
Svetlana Vladimirovna Didorenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Need for establishing integrated programs to monitor endocrine active compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2435-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Segner
Keyword(s):  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Effect Monitoring ◽  
Integrated Programs ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Current Monitoring

Environmental monitoring programs on endocrine active compounds (EACs) have been used to document the level of exposure and to assess the possible association to the occurrence of developmental and reproductive disorders in wildlife. The establishment of causal links between exposure and effect data, however, was found to be difficult due to, for example, the presence of confounding factors or limited understanding of EAC mechanisms and interactions, but also because of conceptual and methodological limitations of current monitoring strategies. In order to provide plausibility of an EAC etiology for a developmental or reproductive alteration in a wildlife population, integrated monitoring programs are needed that will use a combination of complementary approaches: methods for a targeted search for suspected EACs in an environmental mixture, analysis of internal EAC doses instead of external EAC concentrations, utilization of mechanism-based end-points in bioanalytical and effect monitoring, investigation of the basic biology and physiology of wildlife sentinel species, laboratory replication of field effects, as well as consideration of epidemiological and weight-of-evidence criteria in the design and data evaluation of monitoring programs.

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