Evaluation of Harvest-Aid Herbicides as Desiccants in Lentil Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ti Zhang ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Field ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
General Reduction

Desiccants are currently used to improve lentil dry-down prior to harvest. Applying desiccants at growth stages prior to maturity may result in reduced crop yield and quality, and leave unacceptable herbicide residues in seeds. There is little information on whether various herbicides applied alone or as a tank-mix with glyphosate have an effect on glyphosate residues in harvested seed. Field trials were conducted at Saskatoon and Scott, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 2012 to 2014 to determine whether additional desiccants applied alone or tank mixed with glyphosate improve crop desiccation and reduce the potential for unacceptable glyphosate residue in seed. Glufosinate and diquat tank mixed with glyphosate were the most consistent desiccants, providing optimal crop dry-down and a general reduction in glyphosate seed residues without adverse effects on seed yield and weight. Saflufenacil provided good crop desiccation without yield loss, but failed to reduce glyphosate seed residues consistently. Pyraflufen-ethyl and flumioxazin applied alone or tank mixed with glyphosate were found to be inferior options for growers as they exhibited slow and incomplete crop desiccation, and did not decrease glyphosate seed residues. Based on results from this study, growers should apply glufosinate or diquat with preharvest glyphosate to maximize crop and weed desiccation, and minimize glyphosate seed residues.

scholarly journals Mitigating the adverse effects of deficit fertigation on strawberry yield, quality and phytochemical compounds by salicylic acid and putrescine treatments

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Asghari ◽  
Feridoun Ahmadi ◽  
Ramin Hajitagilou
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

BACKGROUND: For global water shortage concerns and high cost of mineral nutrients it is necessary to decrease the amount of nutrient solutions in greenhouse production systems. Deficit fertigation may negatively affect the crop productivity and phytohormones can mitigate the adverse effects of stresses. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effects of deficit fertigation in combination with salicylic acid (SA) and putrescine (PUT) on strawberry fruit yield and quality. METHODS: Strawberry plants were fertilized with a complete nutrient solution of 220 (control), 180 (mild deficit fertigation) and/or 140 mL/dD (severe deficit fertigation), and treated with PUT (at 0 and 2 mM) and/or SA (at 0 and 2 mM) and the combinations of these treatments during growth stages. Fruit growth, quality parameters, yield and phytochemical compounds were evaluated at harvest. RESULTS: Mild deficit fertigation (MDF) (140 mL/d) significantly enhanced the yield and quality of the fruit, and both PUT and SA, enhanced the positive effects of MDF on crop productivity. SA and PUT decreased the negative effects of DF on crop yield and fruit growth. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that it is possible to substantially enhance the quality and productivity of strawberries with a MDF regime, and PUT and SA treatments.

A review of copper fertilizer management for optimum yield and quality of crops in the Canadian Prairie provinces

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
R. E. Karamanos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality

Deficiency of copper (Cu) in Canadian prairie soils is not widespread, but whenever it occurs it can cause a drastic reduction in seed yield and quality of most cereals, especially wheat. Field experiments conducted in western Canada indicated that broadcast-incorporation of granular Cu fertilizers prior to seeding at 3-5.6 kg Cu ha-1 was usually sufficient to prevent Cu deficiency in wheat, and improve seed yield and quality. At lower rates (< 2.0 kg Cu ha-1), broadcast-incorporation of granular Cu fertilizers was not effective, while surface spray-broadcast followed by incorporation of liquid Cu fertilizers was much more effective in increasing seed yield of wheat in the first year of application. Surface broadcast without incorporation and seedrow-placed granular Cu fertilizers were much less effective in improving seed yield of wheat than their foliar or soil-incorporated applications. In the growing season, foliar applications of Cu at 0.20 to 0.28 kg Cu ha-1 to wheat at the Feekes 6 (first node of stem visible at base of shoot or stem elongation), Feekes 10 (sheath of last leaf completely grown or flag-leaf) and early boot growth stages were very effective in restoring seed yield, while Cu applications at the Feekes 2 (four-leaf) or Feekes 10.5 (complete heading) growth stage did not have a consistent effect to correct damage caused by Cu deficiency. Some Cu fertilizers (e.g., Cu oxide) were less effective than others in preventing/correcting Cu deficiency. Soil application at relatively high rates produced residual benefits in increasing seed yield for a number of years. The sensitivity of crops to Cu deficiency is usually in the order (wheat, flax, canary seed) > (barley, alfalfa) > (timothy seed, oats, corn) > (peas, clovers) > (canola, rye, forage grasses). Stem melanosis in wheat was associated with deficiency of Cu in soil, and the disease was reduced substantially with Cu application. A high level of available P in soil was observed to induce/increase severity of Cu deficiency in wheat. Soil analysis for diethylene triamine pentacetic acid- (DTPA) extractable Cu in soil can be used as a good diagnostic tool to predict Cu deficiency, but there was a poor relationship between total Cu concentration in shoots and the degree of Cu deficiency in crops. Application of Cu fertilizers to wheat on Cu-deficient soils also generally improved seed quality. Key words: Application time, Cu source, foliar application, granular Cu, growth stage, placement method, rate of Cu, seedrow-placed Cu, soil incorporation, wheat

Response of glyphosate-resistant soybean to dicamba spray tank contamination during vegetative and reproductive growth stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

The anticipated availability of dicamba-resistant crops will increase the potential for crop injury to non-dicamba-resistant soybean due to dicamba spray tank contamination. A total of eight field trials were conducted at various locations in Ontario, Canada during 2012–2014 to determine the response of non-dicamba-resistant soybean to dicamba spray tank contamination at 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 15, 30, and 60 g a.e. ha−1 applied postemergence (POST) at the V2-3 (2–3 trifoliate) or R1 (1st flower) stage. At one week after treatment (WAT), dicamba applied at 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 15, 30, and 60 g a.e. ha−1 at V2-3 caused 12, 18, 25, 31, 43, 53, and 66% visible injury in soybean, respectively. Injury increased at 2 and 4 WAT and decreased by 8 WAT with 68% visible injury observed at the highest dose. Dicamba applied at R1 caused 23, 28, 36, 40, 48, 61, and 73% visible injury in soybean at 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 15, 30, and 60 g a.e. ha−1, respectively. The predicted dose of dicamba to reduce soybean seed yield 1, 5, 10, 20 or 50% was 1.1, 5.8, 11.8, 25.2, and >60 g a.e. ha−1 when applied at V2-3 and <0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 4.3, and 11.5 g a.e. ha−1 when applied at R1, respectively. Results show that dicamba spray tank contamination of as little as 0.75 g a.e. ha−1 can cause significant crop injury in non-dicamba-resistant soybean when applied during the vegetative or reproductive stages.

Tolerance of a Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean to Late-Season Glyphosate Applications

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Seedling Characteristics

Tolerance and yield of ‘H8001 RR’ soybean to single and sequential glyphosate applications made during vegetative and reproductive stages were examined in field trials in 2000 and 2001. In addition, germination and seedling characteristics from harvested seed were assessed. Glyphosate-resistant soybean tolerated single and sequential applications of 1.7 kg ae/ha glyphosate with minimal injury (≤5%), except for an R2 application in 2000 that caused 20% injury. All observed injury was transient and did not adversely affect soybean density, height, seed weight, or seed yield. Germination and seedling growth of harvested seed were similar to those of a nontreated control. These results suggest that glyphosate-resistant soybean can withstand sequential applications of glyphosate during vegetative and reproductive stages without prolonged adverse effects.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Durations of Water-Logging at Different Growth Stages on Seed Yield of Sesame

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p68
Author(s):  
M. H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Water Logging ◽  
Different Growth Stages

In Bangladesh, sesame suffers from water-logging during its growing period. Multi-year and multi-location field trials were carried out to study the effect of different durations of water-logging at different growth stages on seed yield of sesame. From two years results, it is revealed that the effects of water-logging during a particular growth stage or particular duration of water-logging on seed yield depends on pre- and/or post water-logging from the rainfall. Differential effects of the cultivars were also observed. The cultivar Binatil-2 and Binatil-3 showed reasonable seed yield under water-logging at flowering and mid pod-formation stages for 24 to36 hours.

Resistance to Frogeye Leaf Spot in Selected Soybean Accessions in MG I through MG VI

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
Jason Bond ◽  
Rouf Mian ◽  
Randall Nelson ◽  
Grover Shannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Cercospora Sojina ◽  
Frogeye Leaf Spot ◽  
Glycine Max L

Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) caused by Cercospora sojina Hara is a disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that causes significant seed yield loss in warm, humid environments worldwide. The Rcs3 gene in soybean has been reported to condition resistance to all known races of C. sojina. The objectives of this study were to: (i) identify maturity group (MG) I to VI accessions resistant to C. sojina race 11 by field screening at two locations; and (ii) determine if the FLS resistance of the symptomless soybean accessions is likely to be conditioned by the Rcs3 allele. A total of 260 accessions including 12 differentials were evaluated for reaction to race 11 in field trials in Missouri and Illinois during 2009, and 20 accessions that did not develop symptoms were retested in 2010 to validate their resistance. The 20 accessions remained resistant and were tested for the potential presence of Rcs3 allele using molecular markers; and none was predicted to carry the Rcs3 allele. These accessions may contain novel loci for FLS resistance and may be used to broaden the base for developing soybean cultivars with frogeye leaf spot resistance. Accepted for publication 16 April 2012. Published 21 May 2012.

scholarly journals The Effect of Potassium and Sulfur Fertilization on Seed Quality of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Barłóg ◽  
Witold Grzebisz ◽  
Remigiusz Łukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Impact

Faba bean seeds are regarded as a highly valuable protein source for human and animal nutrition. High yield and quality of faba bean require adequate mineral nutrition. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of potassium (K) and elemental sulfur (S) on crude protein (CP) and tannin content (TC) in seeds, crude protein yield (CPY), and amino acid (AA) composition. Field trials were carried out during 2010–2013 in the temperate climate of Central Europe. The study assessed the influence of the following factors: variable soil K content and fertilization (K1, K2, K3, and K4) and elemental S application (0, 25, and 50 kg S ha−1). Plants were harvested at two growth stages to obtain immature seeds and mature seeds. K and S applications did not have a significant impact on CP and AA composition, including sulfur AA content. The TC decreased in response to increasing content of plant-available K in soil. In respect to CPY, the results indicate a positive response of faba bean to increasing K content in soil. The effect of S fertilization depended on the K treatment. The most beneficial influence of S on CPY was registered on K-poor soil.

Response of Non–Dicamba-Resistant Soybean to Dicamba As Influenced by Growth Stage and Herbicide Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer McCown ◽  
Tom Barber ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIntroduction of the Roundup Ready® Xtend system (Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO) provides an alternative weed management option for growers, but of concern is the risk of dicamba injury to sensitive crops, particularly soybean from off-target movement and tank contamination. Experiments were conducted to determine the response of soybean to low rates of dicamba over a wide range of application timings. Two glufosinate-resistant varieties (HBK 4950LL–indeterminate and HALO 5.45LL–determinate) commonly grown in Arkansas were chosen for these studies. Two rates of dicamba, 2.18 and 8.75 g ae ha–1(1/256× and 1/64× of the POST labeled rate for dicamba-resistant soybean), were applied at two vegetative (V4, V6) and six reproductive (R1 to R6) growth stages. Compared to the nontreated control, dicamba applied during late vegetative and early reproductive growth of soybean caused leaf injury, plant height reduction, and seed yield loss for both soybean cultivars. Averaged across dicamba rates applied at R1, soybean seed yield was reduced 14% for the HBK 4950LL cultivar and 19% for the HALO 5.45LL cultivar. Averaged over rates, dicamba applied at R1 to the HALO 5.45LL and HBK 4950LL soybean resulted in 48% and 43% visible injury 4 wk after treatment, respectively. Grain yield was similar to that of the nontreated control when dicamba was applied at the later reproductive stages averaged across rates.

scholarly journals Warm and Wet Autumns Favour Yield Losses of Oilseed Rape Caused by Phoma Stem Canker

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Andrzej Brachaczek ◽  
Joanna Kaczmarek ◽  
Malgorzata Jedryczka
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is the main source of domestic oil in central and northern Europe, bringing profits to farmers, but the plants are often damaged by stem canker, caused by two fungal species belonging to the genus Leptosphaeria. Due to environmental concerns, the benefits of fungicide applications must outweigh disadvantages. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of stem canker on seed yield and its quality and find out the best timing of fungicide application. The multi-year field experiments were done at two sites in south-west Poland, where the disease is regarded as a serious problem. The fungicide treatments with the azole-containing preparation followed the same scheme each year; a single application was made at one-week intervals, starting in late September through mid-November for a total of eight treatments. Seed yield, oil and protein content, mass of thousand seeds as well as indole-and alkenyl-glucosinolate contents in seeds were statistically unrelated with the incidence and severity of phoma leaf spotting and stem canker symptoms. The significant decrease of the seed yield was observed in three (site × year combinations) of eight, in which phoma leaf spotting and stem canker were severe. Yield loss was noted only in years with warm and wet autumns, when cumulative mean temperatures between BBCH14 and BBCH19 plant growth stages exceeded 60 °C and precipitation in this period exceeded 110 mm of rain. Under these conditions, fungicide treatments were highly effective when they were done between BBCH15–BBC16 growth stages (5–6 true leaves).

A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of 2,4-D and Dicamba Drift on Soybean and Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Franklin Egan ◽  
Kathryn M. Barlow ◽  
David A. Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Dose Response Curves ◽  
Herbicide Drift

Commercial introduction of cultivars of soybean and cotton genetically modified with resistance to the synthetic auxin herbicides dicamba and 2,4-D will allow these compounds to be used with greater flexibility but may expose susceptible soybean and cotton cultivars to nontarget herbicide drift. From past experience, it is well known that soybean and cotton are both highly sensitive to low-dose exposures of dicamba and 2,4-D. In this study, a meta-analysis approach was used to synthesize data from over seven decades of simulated drift experiments in which investigators treated soybean and cotton with low doses of dicamba and 2,4-D and measured the resulting yields. These data were used to produce global dose–response curves for each crop and herbicide, with crop yield plotted against herbicide dose. The meta-analysis showed that soybean is more susceptible to dicamba in the flowering stage and relatively tolerant to 2,4-D at all growth stages. Conversely, cotton is tolerant to dicamba but extremely sensitive to 2,4-D, especially in the vegetative and preflowering squaring stages. Both crops are highly variable in their responses to synthetic auxin herbicide exposure, with soil moisture and air temperature at the time of exposure identified as key factors. Visual injury symptoms, especially during vegetative stages, are not predictive of final yield loss. Global dose–response curves generated by this meta-analysis can inform guidelines for herbicide applications and provide producers and agricultural professionals with a benchmark of the mean and range of crop yield loss that can be expected from drift or other nontarget exposures to 2,4-D or dicamba.

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