scholarly journals Palaearctic Egg Parasitoids Interaction to Three Grapevine Exotic Pests in Northwestern Italy: A New Association Involving Metcalfa pruinosa

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Federico Marco Bocca ◽  
Luca Picciau ◽  
Stefania Laudonia ◽  
Alberto Alma
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Parasitization Rate ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus ◽  
Exotic Pests ◽  
Egg Density ◽  
New Association ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

The most important exotic leafhopper pests currently affecting the Italian vineyards are the leafhoppers Scaphoideus titanus, Orientus ishidae and the planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa. Their highest population density is detected in the uncultivated areas with wild grapevines. Should these habitats be considered only a problem or a potential resource for Palearctic entomophagy of these three exotic pests? The aim of this work was to study the biotopes and biocoenosis present in the Piedmontese vineyard agroecosystem, evaluating the parasitization rate and other crucial aspects for a possible application in biological control. Several specimens of egg-parasitoid wasps were obtained from filed-collected two-year-old grapevine canes. The most prevalent one belonged to the Oligosita collina group (Trichogrammatidae) emerged only from M. pruinosa eggs with a parasitization rate of over 40%. The new association is the first report of such a high level of parasitization on the flatid planthopper. The parasitization rate mainly relied on the host egg density and the abundance of plants suitable for the oviposition. A second parasitoid generation on the overwintering eggs is discussed, as well as other hypothesis. Furthermore, the parasitization rate was higher than the one showed by the dryinid Neodryinus typhlocybae, the control agent introduced in Italy under the biological control strategy, highlighting a possible implication in this biocoenosis. We assume that the egg parasitoid adaptation may contribute to M. pruinosa control.

scholarly journals Hybrid Genome Assembly and Evidence-Based Annotation of the Egg Parasitoid and Biological Control Agent Trichogramma brassicae

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3533-3540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim B. Ferguson ◽  
Tore Kursch-Metz ◽  
Eveline C. Verhulst ◽  
Bart A. Pannebakker
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Trichogramma Brassicae ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Hybrid Genome ◽  
Essential Resource

Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) are egg parasitoids that are used throughout the world as biological control agents and in laboratories as model species. Despite this ubiquity, few genetic resources exist beyond COI, ITS2, and RAPD markers. Aided by a Wolbachia infection, a wild-caught strain from Germany was reared for low heterozygosity and sequenced in a hybrid de novo strategy, after which several assembling strategies were evaluated. The best assembly, derived from a DBG2OLC-based pipeline, yielded a genome of 235 Mbp made up of 1,572 contigs with an N50 of 556,663 bp. Following a rigorous ab initio-, homology-, and evidence-based annotation, 16,905 genes were annotated and functionally described. As an example of the utility of the genome, a simple ortholog cluster analysis was performed with sister species T. pretiosum, revealing over 6000 shared clusters and under 400 clusters unique to each species. The genome and transcriptome presented here provides an essential resource for comparative genomics of the commercially relevant genus Trichogramma, but also for research into molecular evolution, ecology, and breeding of T. brassicae.

scholarly journals Hybrid genome assembly and evidence-based annotation of the egg parasitoid and biological control agent Trichogramma brassicae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Ferguson ◽  
T. Kursch-Metz ◽  
E. C. Verhulst ◽  
B. A. Pannebakker
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Trichogramma Brassicae ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Hybrid Genome ◽  
Essential Resource

ABSTRACTTrichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) are egg parasitoids that are used throughout the world as biological control agents and in laboratories as model species. Despite this ubiquity, few genetic resources exist beyond COI, ITS2, and RAPD markers. Aided by a Wolbachia infection, a wild-caught strain from Germany was reared for low heterozygosity and sequenced in a hybrid de novo strategy, after which several assembling strategies were evaluated. The best assembly, derived from a DBG2OLC-based pipeline, yielded a genome of 235 Mbp made up of 1,572 contigs with an N50 of 556,663 bp. Following a rigorous ab initio-, homology-, and evidence-based annotation, 16,905 genes were annotated and functionally described. As an example of the utility of the genome, a simple ortholog cluster analysis was performed with sister species T. pretiosum, revealing over 6000 shared clusters and under 400 clusters unique to each species. The genome and transcriptome presented here provides an essential resource for comparative genomics of the commercially relevant genus Trichogramma, but also for research into molecular evolution, ecology, and breeding of T. brassicae.

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL OF SPODOPTERA PECTINICORNIS IN CONTROLLING WATER LETTUCE (Pistia stratiotes) IN FIELD

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Lyswiana Aphrodyanti ◽  
Helda Orbani Rosa ◽  
Samharinto Samharinto
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
High Level ◽  
State Of The Environment

Spodoptera pectinicornis is a biological control agent that has a great potential to control water lettuce weeds. Its existence in nature however is still limited, so a mass propagation is needed by rearing S. pectinicornis imagoes to produce eggs and to hatch them into larvae of 4 days old. The 4-year larvae were then released by putting water lettuces that contained active larvae into the target area. Observation results on the percentage of damage in the watershed location for 5 times of observation consecutively was 25%, 50%, 50%, 75% and 90%. The magnitude of damage showed that S. pectinicornis was able to adapt well, so it could perform eating activities and cause damage to the water lettuces. Meanwhile, at the release site of rice field, the percentage of damage was 0%, 25%, 35%, 25% and 10%. The downward trend in the level of S. pectinicornis attacks was due to its inability to keep pace with the growth and development of water lettuces. High level of rainfall caused the water lettuces to increase its size and the number of its tillers so that they could colonize these waters. The fact that S. pectinicornis still has the ability to destroy the water lettuces gives great hope to the control efforts. However, thorough evaluation and assessment are required on all aspects, such as the biological control agents, weed targets, organisms associated with them, and the state of the environment so as to minimize the possibility of failure in the field.

scholarly journals Unexpected parasitism of Douglas-fir seed chalcid limits biocontrol options for invasive Douglas-fir in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Sonia Lee ◽  
Simon V. Fowler ◽  
Claudia Lange ◽  
Lindsay A. Smith ◽  
Alison M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Predator ◽  
High Level

Douglas-fir seed chalcid (DFSC) Megastigmus spermotrophus, a small (3 mm long) host-specific seed-predatory wasp, was accidentally introduced into New Zealand in the 1920s. Concern over DFSC reducing Douglas-fir seed production in New Zealand led to an attempt at biocontrol in 1955 with the release, but failed establishment, of the small (2.5 mm long) parasitoid wasp, Mesopolobus spermotrophus. We investigated why DFSC causes little destruction of Douglas-fir seed in New Zealand (usually <20%) despite the apparent absence of major natural enemies. Douglas-fir seed collections from 13 New Zealand sites yielded the seed predator (DFSC) but also potential parasitoids, which were identified using morphology and partial COI DNA sequencing. DFSC destroyed only 0.15% of Douglas-fir seed. All parasitoids were identified as the pteromalid wasp, Mes. spermotrophus, the host-specific biocontrol agent released in 1955. Total parasitism was 48.5%, but levels at some sites approached 90%, with some evidence of density-dependence. The discovery of the parasitoid Mes. spermotrophus could indicate that the biocontrol agent released in 1955 did establish after all. Alternatively, Mes. spermotrophus could have arrived accidentally in more recent importations of Douglas-fir seed. The high level of parasitism of DFSC by Mes. spermotrophus is consistent with DFSC being under successful biological control in New Zealand. Suppression of DFSC populations will benefit commercial Douglas-fir seed production in New Zealand, but it also represents the likely loss of a potential biological control agent for wilding Douglas-fir.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI KAPASITAS REPRODUKSI PARASITOID TELUR ULAT PENGGEREK BUAH MERAH JAMBU PADA TANAMAN KAPAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
DWI ADI SUNARTO ◽  
NURINDAH NURINDAH ◽  
SUJAK SUJAK
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Key Words Cotton ◽  
Trichogrammatoidea Bactrae

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Pectinophora gossypiella merupakan salah satu hama utama<br />tanaman kapas yang menyerang dengan cara menggerek buah. Mulai<br />stadia larva kecil hingga pupa berada di dalam buah. Perilaku tersebut<br />menjadi salah satu sebab kurang efektifnya beberapa cara pengendalian P.<br />gossypiella dengan sasaran stadia larva. Untuk itu, peluang yang<br />diharapkan akan memberikan hasil pengendalian yang lebih baik adalah<br />sasaran pada stadia telur yaitu antara lain pemanfaatan parasitoid telur.<br />Dari hasil eksplorasi telah diperoleh parasitoid telur Trichogrammatidae<br />yang berasal dari pertanaman kapas di Lamongan dan Asembagus, Jawa<br />Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies parasitoid<br />telur P. gossypiella dan kapasitas reproduksinya. Penelitian ini<br />dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang<br />pada bulan Maret - Desember 2002. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa<br />parasitoid telur Trichogrammatidae yang muncul dari telur P. gossypiella<br />yang berasal dari kedua lokasi, berasal dari spesies yang sama dan berbeda<br />dengan spesies T. armigera yang memarasit telur H. armigera.<br />Berdasarkan kapasitas reproduksinya, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae N &amp; N<br />berpotensi sebagai agens hayati pengendali ulat penggerek buah kapas<br />merah jambu P. gossypiella.<br />Kata kunci : Kapas,  Gossypium  hirsutum,  hama,  Pectinophora<br />gossypiella,  parasitoid  telur,  Trichogrammatidae,  laju<br />pertumbuhan</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Identification and reproduction capacity test of egg<br />parasitoid pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella<br />Saunders on cotton<br />Pectinophora gossypiella is one of main pests of cotton. It attacks<br />the boll since small larvae until pupae and the insect is located in the boll.<br />This could be the reason why any control actions targeted to the larvae<br />were not effective. Therefore, the use of egg parasitoid to control the<br />bollworm population would be more promising. Exploration of the egg<br />parasitoid of the bollworm was done in Lamongan and Asembagus, East<br />Java. The parasitoids were considered as new locality report. This study<br />was to identify egg parasitoid of P. gossypiella and to study their<br />reproduction capacity. The study was conducted in Biological Control<br />Laboratory of IToFCRI Malang, March – December 2002. The study<br />included identification morphologically and biosystematically. The results<br />showed that Trichogrammatid emerged from P. gossypiella egg collected<br />from Asembagus (Trichogrammatoidea sp-A) and Lamongan (Trichogra-<br />mmatoidea sp-L) were the same species. Based on the reproduction<br />capacity of the parasitoids, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae N &amp; N were<br />potential as biological control agent for P. gossypiella.<br />Key words : Cotton,  Gossypium  hirsutum,  pest,  Pectinophora<br />gossypiella, egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatidae, intrinsic<br />rate</p>

scholarly journals Psix striaticeps (Dodd) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae): an Old World parasitoid of stink bug eggs arrives in Florida, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 503-521
Author(s):  
Sarah Birkmire ◽  
Cory Penca ◽  
Elijah J. Talamas ◽  
Matthew R. Moore ◽  
Amanda C. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Old World ◽  
Piezodorus Guildinii

Psix striaticeps (Dodd) is an egg-parasitoid wasp previously known only from the Old World. We report this species from twelve counties in Florida, which are the first records in the Western Hemisphere. It was collected in yellow cylinder traps and reared from the eggs of three stink bug species: Nezara viridula L., Chinavia marginata (Palisot de Beauvois), and Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood). A COI barcode analysis found a 100% match between the Floridian population and a specimen from South Africa. The prospects of using Ps. striaticeps as a biological control agent against exotic stink bugs are discussed.

scholarly journals Trissolcus hyalinipennis Rajmohana & Narendran (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), a parasitoid of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), emerges in North America

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 111-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽  
Elijah J. Talamas ◽  
Marie-Claude Bon ◽  
Brian V. Brown ◽  
Lisa Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Malaise Trap ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
In The Wild

TrissolcushyalinipennisRajmohana &amp; Narendran is an Old World egg parasitoid ofBagradahilaris(Burmeister). Its potential as a classical biological control agent in the United States has been under evaluation in quarantine facilities since 2014. A survey of resident egg parasitoids using fresh sentinelB.hilariseggs in Riverside, California, revealed thatT.hyalinipennisis present in the wild. Four cards with parasitized eggs were recovered, from which one yielded a single liveT.hyalinipennisand two unidentified dead wasps (Scelionidae), and three yielded twenty liveTrissolcusbasalis(Wollaston) and one dead wasp. Subsequently, samples from Burbank, California, collected with a Malaise trap as part of the BioSCAN project, yielded five females ofT.hyalinipennis. It is presumed that the introduction ofT.hyalinipennisto this area was accidental. Surveys will be continued to evaluate the establishment ofT.hyalinipennisas well as the presence of other resident parasitoid species.

scholarly journals Application of a Novel Phage LPSEYT for Biological Control of Salmonella in Foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yan ◽  
Lu Liang ◽  
Ping Yin ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Ashraf Mahdy Sharoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Control Food ◽  
High Level

Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne diseases, and in recent years, many isolates have exhibited a high level of antibiotic resistance, which has led to huge pressures on public health. Phages are a promising strategy to control food-borne pathogens. In this study, one of our environmental phage isolates, LPSEYT, was to be able to restrict the growth of zoonotic Salmonella enterica in vitro over a range of multiplicity of infections. Phage LPSEYT exhibited wide-ranging pH and thermal stability and rapid reproductive activity with a short latent period and a large burst size. Phage LPSEYT demonstrated potential efficiency as a biological control agent against Salmonella in a variety of food matrices, including milk and lettuce. Morphological observation, comparative genomic, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LPSEYT does not belong to any of the currently identified genera within the Myoviridae family, and we suggest that LPSEYT represents a new genus, the LPSEYTvirus. This study contributes a phage database, develops beneficial phage resources, and sheds light on the potential application value of phages LPSEYT on food safety.

Physiological Host Range of Trissolcus Mitsukurii, A Candidate Biological Control Agent of Halyomorpha Halys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucrezia Giovannini ◽  
Giuseppino Sabbatini-Peverieri ◽  
Leonardo Marianelli ◽  
Gabriele Rondoni ◽  
Eric Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Egg Load ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug

Abstract The invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys is a severe agricultural pest of worldwide importance, and chemical insecticides are largely sprayed for the control of its populations. Negative impacts and several failures in chemical pest management led to consider classical biological control as one of the most promising methods in a long-term perspective. The Asian egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus is the main candidate biocontrol agent of H. halys, but more recently a second Asian egg parasitoid, Trissolcus mitsukurii, is getting attention after adventive populations were found on H. halys egg masses in Europe. Before recommending the use of T. mitsukurii for biological control of H. halys, a risk analysis is necessary and therefore here we present the first study on the fundamental physiological host range of this parasitoid in Europe. Tests conducted with T. mitsukurii on different hemipterans, using three different experimental designs, revealed a broad physiological host range, comparable with the host range displayed by T. japonicus under similar laboratory conditions. Specifically, in addition to its coevolved host H. halys, T. mitsukurii successfully parasitized the majority of tested pentatomid species and one scutellerid, although with highly variable emergence rates. Host egg sizes positively affected parasitoid size and female egg load. Further studies, testing more complex systems that involve olfactory cues from host and host plants, will simulate different aspects of the parasitoid host location behavior under field conditions, allowing in-depth evaluation of the possible risks associated with the use of T. mitsukurii as a biocontrol agent of H. halys.

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