scholarly journals Natural Formulation Based on Diatomaceous Earth and Botanicals against Stored Product Insects

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Paponja ◽  
Vlatka Rozman ◽  
Anita Liška
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Stored Product Insects ◽  
N Form ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Natural Formulation

Diatomaceous earth (DE) has long been known as a potential protectant for stored cereals against various stored product insects. Despite favorable effect for the environment and human health, DE has some negative side effects on the treated commodity. In order to minimize negative response and to improve its efficacy, this paper represents a study of developed natural formulation based on DE SilicoSec® enhanced with botanicals (essential oil lavender, corn oil, and bay leaves dust) and silica gel. The activity of formulation (labeled as N Form) was tested against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in seed wheat and barley under controlled conditions. As a reference comparative value, DE SilicoSec® was used. N Form showed higher efficacy than DE, especially in barley at the lowest concentration, inducing higher mortality of all three insect species. The highest average progeny inhibition was recorded in R. dominica population both in seed wheat and barley with 94.9% and 96.3% of inhibition, respectively, followed with S. oryzae and T. castaneum inhibition of 90.6% and 86.1%, respectively, in wheat and 94.9% and 89.7%, respectively, in barley. Results indicate that the developed natural formulation N Form enhanced the activity of DE SilicoSec® using lower amount of DE dust and that it could be successfully implemented for storage of cereals as alternatives to chemical pesticides for stored product insect control.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Natural Formulation Activity in the Protection of Stored Wheat and Barley Against the Stored-Product Insects

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Ivan Paponja ◽  
Vlatka Rozman ◽  
Pavo Lucić ◽  
Anita Liška
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Stored Product Insects ◽  
Natural Formulation

The stored-product insects are one of the major causes of losses in the stored cereals. Most of control measures still rely on a synthetic pesticide usage, but due to its negative side effects on the goods, human health, and the environment, there is an urgent need for an alternative control. A natural formulation based on the diatomaceous earth (DE) SilicoSec®, enhanced with the botanicals (essential oil lavender, corn oil, and bay leaves dust) and the silica gel was developed. The aim of the study was to test the activity of the developed formulation as a postharvest protectant of seed wheat and barley in the suppression Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). As a reference comparative value, the DE SilicoSec® was applied. Subsequent to the six months of storage under the simulated warehouse conditions, the formulation has completely suppressed the initial population development of all three tested insect species, both in wheat and barley. In wheat, a complete suppression was detected at the dose of 500 ppm against T. castaneum and 600 ppm against both R. dominica and S. oryzae. In barley, a complete suppression was detected at the doses of 500 ppm, 400 ppm, and 600 ppm against R. dominica, T. castaneum and S. oryzae, respectively. Conclusively, the results of this study indicate that the developed natural formulation based on the DE, botanicals, and silica gel was highly effective against the three major stored‐product insect species, providing a long-term safe storage of wheat and barley seeds.

Dryacide treatment of stored wheat: its efficacy against insects, and after processing

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Desmarchelier ◽  
JC Dines
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Silica Aerogels ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Ephestia Cautella ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Flour Quality ◽  
Effective Level

The efficacy of Dryacide (diatomaceous earth coated with silica aerogels) on wheat was tested in the laboratory against adult and immature stages of 4 species of Coleoptera and against immature stages of 1 species of Lepidoptera. The minimum effective level of Dryacide increased in the following order: immature Ephestia cautella (Walker) ~ immature Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) < immature Rhyzopertha dominica (F) < adult R. dominica ~ adult T. castaneum < adult Sitophilus oryzae (L) < adult Sitophilus granarius (L) < immature Sitophilus species. When wheat treated with Dryacide was milled in the laboratory without prior cleaning, less than 3% of the Dryacide carried over into the flour. Commercial cleaning of wheat removed (�s.e.) about 98 � 1% of Dryacide, and no Dryacide could be detected in the flour. Dryacide treatment did not affect flour quality as determined by the volume of sponge cakes and the production of carbon dioxide by fermenting dough.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Greek Diatomaceous Earth for Stored Product Insect Control and Techniques That Maximize Its Insecticidal Efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6441
Author(s):  
Georgia V. Baliota ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Confused Flour Beetle ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of a diatomaceous earth deposit from Greece, for a wide range of stored product insects. In this context, populations of five different insect species, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin DuVal, the confused flour beetle; Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil; Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer; Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), the sawtoothed grain beetle; Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, which cover a major spectrum of insects species of stored products worldwide, were used in the bioassays. The different treatment of diatomaceous earth (DE) rocks (grinding, diatomaceous enrichment, powder granulometry) led to the creation of five types of formulations (namely DE1, DE2, DE3, DE5 and DE6) that exhibited significant fluctuations in their insecticidal efficacy when applied on wheat. In general, some of the modified formulations were found to be very effective against species such as R. dominica and T. confusum that may be difficult to control at the current labeled doses of commercial DE formulations. Overall, our data clearly indicate that this specific Greek deposit has considerable insecticidal properties, which can be further utilized in designing commercial formulations for insect control at the postharvest stages of durable agricultural commodities, provided that the deposit will be modified at specific enrichment and granulometry levels.

Control of Main Stored-Grain Insects with New Formulations of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Diatomaceous Earth Dusts

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacoub Ahmad Batta
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Stored Grain Insects

The present research is aimed at a formulation of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Bal.) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin, in two types of diatomaceous earth dusts, fossil shield and Silico-Sec, are then applied against the adults of three species of stored-grain insects: Sitophilus oryzae L., Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. and Tribolium castaneum Herbs. Effect of the treatment was assessed by comparing the mortality percentage of the adults of the three insect species exposed to the formulated fungi with that of the adults exposed to the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. Results obtained from these exposures have indicated that treatment of the adults with the formulated fungi resulted in a significantly higher mean mortality percentage compared to the treatment with the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. A synergistic interaction between the effect of fungal species and the diatomaceous earth dusts was shown. Viability of conidia of both fungal species in diatomaceous earth dusts was assessed by calculating the germination percentage of the conidia over time. Results indicated a small loss of mean germination percentage for formulated conidia of both fungal species versus a high loss of mean germination percentage for the unformulated conidia, thus the diatomaceous earth dusts used in the formulation of both fungi demonstrated a negligible effect on the viability of formulated conidia compared to the unformulated.

Effects of red versus white wheat bran on rate of growth and feeding of some stored-product beetles

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-663
Author(s):  
Noel D. G. White ◽  
Colin J. Demianyk ◽  
Paul G. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Stored Product Insects ◽  
Wood Boring ◽  
Insect Attack

The red pigment in the seed coat of hard red spring wheat is produced by phenolics. Most of the wheats grown in western Canada are hard red spring varieties; however cultivars with a whiter seed coat are being developed for their better milling and baking attributes. Because phenolics serve to protect some plants against insect attack, we compared the susceptibility of white and red spring wheat to attack by stored-product insects. Tenebrio molitor (Tenebrionidae) larvae reared on red wheat bran gained less weight than larvae reared on white wheat bran but this insect has a long developmental period and does not attack sound grain. Tribolium castaneum (Tenebrionidae) pupal weights were not affected by the type of wheat milled products on which the larvae fed. A feeding bioassay showed that red bran did not act as an antifeedant for T. molitor, T. castaneum, or Sitophilus oryzae (Curculionidae). However, it acted as a feeding stimulant for Rhyzopertha dominica (Bostrichidae), which is related to wood-boring insects. It is unlikely that white wheat in storage would be more prone to insect damage than red wheat. Key words: Bran, colour, wheat, phenolics, stored-product insects

scholarly journals Evaluation of parasitic potential of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) in grains treated with diatomaceous

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1161-1167
Author(s):  
Khurram Mahmood Sultan Kamboh
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Anisopteromalus Calandrae ◽  
Reported Study ◽  
Food Medium ◽  
And Storage

The herein reported study was conducted to evaluate the parasitic potential of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) against larvae of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) while, adult pests on the food medium treated with two formulations of diatomaceous earth (DE); Marine (Celite) and fresh water (Perma Guard) as grain protectants. The DE was applied at three dose rates i.e., 200, 400 and 600 ppm, at 25°C temperature and 65% relative humidity. Mortality and emergence of adults of tested insects and parasitoid were observed after 14 and 28 days of exposure respectivly. The highest mortality of C. maculatus was 43.37% against higher dose of Perma Guard (600 ppm) while the maximum mortality of S. oryzae was recorded 39.56% on application of Celite (600 ppm). The maximum mortality of A. calandrae parasitoid was observed 66.86% in S. oryzae infested grains treated with higher dose of Perma Guard (600 ppm), while 63.81% mortality of parasitoid was observed in S. oryzae infested grains at higher dose of Celite DE (600 ppm). The Perma Guard effectively controls population of tested insect’s mortality than the Celite. The highest emergence of C maculatus observed was 62.44% at lower dose of 200 ppm of Perma Guard DE while the highest emergence recorded on application of Celite was 60.66% from C. maculatus. The highest emergence of A. calandrae was 65.65% from S. oryzae at lower dose of 200 ppm of Perma Guard DE while the highest emergence of parasitoid recorded on application of Celite was found 60.66% at lower dose of 200 ppm from C maculatus. The emergence of tested insects and parasitoid increased with the decrease in dose rate of DE in most of the tested combinations. Higher dose (600 ppm) of both DE (Celite and Perma Guard) used in experiment showed mortality of tested insects and parasitoid activity of Anisopteromalus calandrae and furthermore release of A. calandrae on host insects would be adversely affected by use of diatomaceous earth product on stored grains. The experiments were carried out in laboratory of Grain Research, Training and Storage Management cell, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Toxicity of Natural Oils from Mentha piperita, Pinus roxburghii, and Rosa spp. Against Three Stored Product Insects

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa I. Mackled ◽  
Mervat EL-Hefny ◽  
May Bin-Jumah ◽  
Trandil F. Wahba ◽  
Ahmed A. Allam
Keyword(s):  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Stored Product Insects ◽  
Natural Oils

Three natural oils extracted from Mentha piperita, Pinus roxburghii, and Rosa spp. were assessed in order to determine their insecticidal activity against the adults of three stored product insects: the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.), the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica, Fabricius), and the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum, Herbst.). By Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, the main compounds in the n-hexane oil from Rosa spp. were determined to be methyl eugenol (52.17%), phenylethyl alcohol (29.92%), diphenyl ether (7.75%), and geraniol (5.72%); in the essential oil from M. piperita, they were menthone (20.18%), 1,8-cineole (15.48%), menthyl acetate (13.13%), caryophyllene (4.82%), β-pinene (4.37%), and D-limonene (2.81%); and from the foliage of P. roxburghii, they were longifolene (19.52%), caryophyllene (9.45%), Δ-3-carene (7.01%), α-terpineol (6.75%), and γ-elemene (3.88%). S. oryzae and R. dominica were reared using sterilized wheat grains, and T. castaneum was reared on wheat flour mixed with yeast (10:1, w/w), all under laboratory conditions (27 ± 1 °C and 65% ± 5% Relative humidity (R.H). Two toxicity bioassays were used, as well as contact using thin film residues and fumigation bioassays. The results indicated that M. piperita caused a high toxicity for S. oryzae compared to other insects. High significant variations were observed between the tested M. piperita doses against the stored insects, and this natural material could be used to control insects that infect the grains. Also, the data indicated that the Rosa spp. oil had a low-toxicity effect against these insects compared to other oils. We recommend using natural oils against the stored weevils and petals, rather than the chemical agent, so as to serve human health.

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