Evaluation of parasitic potential of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) in grains treated with diatomaceous

The herein reported study was conducted to evaluate the parasitic potential of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) against larvae of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) while, adult pests on the food medium treated with two formulations of diatomaceous earth (DE); Marine (Celite) and fresh water (Perma Guard) as grain protectants. The DE was applied at three dose rates i.e., 200, 400 and 600 ppm, at 25°C temperature and 65% relative humidity. Mortality and emergence of adults of tested insects and parasitoid were observed after 14 and 28 days of exposure respectivly. The highest mortality of C. maculatus was 43.37% against higher dose of Perma Guard (600 ppm) while the maximum mortality of S. oryzae was recorded 39.56% on application of Celite (600 ppm). The maximum mortality of A. calandrae parasitoid was observed 66.86% in S. oryzae infested grains treated with higher dose of Perma Guard (600 ppm), while 63.81% mortality of parasitoid was observed in S. oryzae infested grains at higher dose of Celite DE (600 ppm). The Perma Guard effectively controls population of tested insect’s mortality than the Celite. The highest emergence of C maculatus observed was 62.44% at lower dose of 200 ppm of Perma Guard DE while the highest emergence recorded on application of Celite was 60.66% from C. maculatus. The highest emergence of A. calandrae was 65.65% from S. oryzae at lower dose of 200 ppm of Perma Guard DE while the highest emergence of parasitoid recorded on application of Celite was found 60.66% at lower dose of 200 ppm from C maculatus. The emergence of tested insects and parasitoid increased with the decrease in dose rate of DE in most of the tested combinations. Higher dose (600 ppm) of both DE (Celite and Perma Guard) used in experiment showed mortality of tested insects and parasitoid activity of Anisopteromalus calandrae and furthermore release of A. calandrae on host insects would be adversely affected by use of diatomaceous earth product on stored grains. The experiments were carried out in laboratory of Grain Research, Training and Storage Management cell, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad.

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Influence of temperature on the insecticidal effect of Beauveria bassiana in combination with diatomaceous earth against Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae on stored wheat

Biological Control ◽

10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.03.009 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 270-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

T.N. Vassilakos ◽

C.G. Athanassiou ◽

N.G. Kavallieratos ◽

B.J. Vayias

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Diatomaceous Earth ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Influence Of Temperature ◽

Stored Wheat ◽

Insecticidal Effect ◽

Influence Of Temperature On

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Parasites of beetles which are pests of grain and products of its processing

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/011751 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

Author(s):

V. O. Martynov

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽

Ecological Condition ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Crop Pests ◽

Main Crop ◽

Anisopteromalus Calandrae ◽

Favorable Conditions

Crop pests are the cause of economic damage in many developing countries, including Ukraine, where annual loss of crop harvest on average equals 6 million tons, valued at 840 million dollars. Pests consume grain, causing its pollution and creating favorable conditions for development of mold, which significantly decreases the food and seeding properties of grain and products of its processing. This article presents basic data on biological control and its advantages, demonstrates the variety of natural enemies of the pest beetles, which are used in biological control, analyses studies of the biological control of main crop pests and products of its processing belonging to the families Curculionidae and Tenebrionidae, and also the role of competition in biological control. The analysis of studies on the effectiveness of different natural enemies of the main crop pest-beetles shows that the most studied parasites are Sitophilus granarius, S. zeamais, Tribolium confusum, T. castaneum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Rhyzopertha dominica, Acanthoscelides obtectus and Callosobruchus maculatus. Natural enemies of the rest of the species are poorly studied, and there is no data on Caulophilus latinasus, Tenebroides mauritanicus, Dermestes lardarius, Ptinus fur and Bruchidius incarnatus. The most commonly used natural enemies are Xylocoris flavipes, Anisopteromalus calandrae, the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, and also nematodes of the Steinernema and Heterorhabditis genera. Despite the broad spectrum of natural enemies of the main pests of the grain supply, it is necessary to further study the parasites of every species of beetle which causes economic damage. Using biological control is the most promising method against pests of crops and products of its processing, which meets the current requirements to the sanitary-ecological condition of agricultural production.

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Natural Formulation Based on Diatomaceous Earth and Botanicals against Stored Product Insects

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11090613 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 613 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ivan Paponja ◽

Vlatka Rozman ◽

Anita Liška

Keyword(s):

Diatomaceous Earth ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Lower Amount ◽

Favorable Effect ◽

Stored Product Insects ◽

N Form ◽

Negative Side Effects ◽

Natural Formulation

Diatomaceous earth (DE) has long been known as a potential protectant for stored cereals against various stored product insects. Despite favorable effect for the environment and human health, DE has some negative side effects on the treated commodity. In order to minimize negative response and to improve its efficacy, this paper represents a study of developed natural formulation based on DE SilicoSec® enhanced with botanicals (essential oil lavender, corn oil, and bay leaves dust) and silica gel. The activity of formulation (labeled as N Form) was tested against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in seed wheat and barley under controlled conditions. As a reference comparative value, DE SilicoSec® was used. N Form showed higher efficacy than DE, especially in barley at the lowest concentration, inducing higher mortality of all three insect species. The highest average progeny inhibition was recorded in R. dominica population both in seed wheat and barley with 94.9% and 96.3% of inhibition, respectively, followed with S. oryzae and T. castaneum inhibition of 90.6% and 86.1%, respectively, in wheat and 94.9% and 89.7%, respectively, in barley. Results indicate that the developed natural formulation N Form enhanced the activity of DE SilicoSec® using lower amount of DE dust and that it could be successfully implemented for storage of cereals as alternatives to chemical pesticides for stored product insect control.

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Dryacide treatment of stored wheat: its efficacy against insects, and after processing

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9870309 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 309 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

JM Desmarchelier ◽

JC Dines

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Diatomaceous Earth ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Silica Aerogels ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Ephestia Cautella ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Sitophilus Granarius ◽

Flour Quality ◽

Effective Level

The efficacy of Dryacide (diatomaceous earth coated with silica aerogels) on wheat was tested in the laboratory against adult and immature stages of 4 species of Coleoptera and against immature stages of 1 species of Lepidoptera. The minimum effective level of Dryacide increased in the following order: immature Ephestia cautella (Walker) ~ immature Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) < immature Rhyzopertha dominica (F) < adult R. dominica ~ adult T. castaneum < adult Sitophilus oryzae (L) < adult Sitophilus granarius (L) < immature Sitophilus species. When wheat treated with Dryacide was milled in the laboratory without prior cleaning, less than 3% of the Dryacide carried over into the flour. Commercial cleaning of wheat removed (�s.e.) about 98 � 1% of Dryacide, and no Dryacide could be detected in the flour. Dryacide treatment did not affect flour quality as determined by the volume of sponge cakes and the production of carbon dioxide by fermenting dough.

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Evaluation of a Greek Diatomaceous Earth for Stored Product Insect Control and Techniques That Maximize Its Insecticidal Efficacy

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10186441 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 6441

Author(s):

Georgia V. Baliota ◽

Christos G. Athanassiou

Keyword(s):

Diatomaceous Earth ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Insect Control ◽

Stored Products ◽

Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽

Wide Range ◽

Insecticidal Efficacy ◽

Confused Flour Beetle ◽

Laboratory Bioassays

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of a diatomaceous earth deposit from Greece, for a wide range of stored product insects. In this context, populations of five different insect species, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin DuVal, the confused flour beetle; Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil; Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer; Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), the sawtoothed grain beetle; Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, which cover a major spectrum of insects species of stored products worldwide, were used in the bioassays. The different treatment of diatomaceous earth (DE) rocks (grinding, diatomaceous enrichment, powder granulometry) led to the creation of five types of formulations (namely DE1, DE2, DE3, DE5 and DE6) that exhibited significant fluctuations in their insecticidal efficacy when applied on wheat. In general, some of the modified formulations were found to be very effective against species such as R. dominica and T. confusum that may be difficult to control at the current labeled doses of commercial DE formulations. Overall, our data clearly indicate that this specific Greek deposit has considerable insecticidal properties, which can be further utilized in designing commercial formulations for insect control at the postharvest stages of durable agricultural commodities, provided that the deposit will be modified at specific enrichment and granulometry levels.

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Enhanced-Efficacy Iranian Diatomaceous Earth for Controlling Two Stored-Product Insect Pests

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz261 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Najmeh Delgarm ◽

Masumeh Ziaee ◽

Alan McLaughlin

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Silica Aerogel ◽

Diatomaceous Earth ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Adult Mortality ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Progeny Production ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal activity of three diatomaceous earth (DE) products, SilicoSec (Biofa GmbH, Munsingen, Germany), Protect-It (Hedley Technologies Inc., Canada), and Mamaghan. The silica aerogel was mixed to enhance the efficacy of Mamaghan DE with 10, 15, and 20% rates. The DE products were applied at treatment rates of 100, 200, and 400 ppm against adults of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). In the second experiment, 0.1 and 0.5% deltamethrin was added to Mamaghan DE–10% silica aerogel to enhance the activity of the DE. Adult mortality was recorded 2, 5, 7, 10, and 14 d after exposure. Parental adults were removed after 14-d exposure time and progeny developed was evaluated after 65 d. Mamaghan–15 and 20% silica aerogel caused the highest mortality (>97%) against T. confusum after 10 d of exposure at the highest dose of 400 ppm which exceeded to 100% mortality after 14 d. However, the toxicity of Mamaghan DE against R. dominica was lower than that of the two commercial formulations at all dose rates. The presence of 0.1% deltamethrin increased the insecticidal activity of Mamaghan DE and significantly suppressed progeny production of both species. Even at the lowest dose of Mamaghan–10% + 0.1% deltamethrin, progeny production of both species was very low (four or less individuals per vial). However, no progeny was recorded in Mamaghan–10% + 0.5% deltamethrin. Thus, adding low rates of silica aerogel and deltamethrin considerably enhanced the efficacy of Mamaghan DE in controlling T. confusum and R. dominica.

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Control of Main Stored-Grain Insects with New Formulations of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Diatomaceous Earth Dusts

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1240 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Yacoub Ahmad Batta

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Diatomaceous Earth ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Stored Grain ◽

High Loss ◽

Mortality Percentage ◽

Stored Grain Insects

The present research is aimed at a formulation of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Bal.) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin, in two types of diatomaceous earth dusts, fossil shield and Silico-Sec, are then applied against the adults of three species of stored-grain insects: Sitophilus oryzae L., Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. and Tribolium castaneum Herbs. Effect of the treatment was assessed by comparing the mortality percentage of the adults of the three insect species exposed to the formulated fungi with that of the adults exposed to the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. Results obtained from these exposures have indicated that treatment of the adults with the formulated fungi resulted in a significantly higher mean mortality percentage compared to the treatment with the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. A synergistic interaction between the effect of fungal species and the diatomaceous earth dusts was shown. Viability of conidia of both fungal species in diatomaceous earth dusts was assessed by calculating the germination percentage of the conidia over time. Results indicated a small loss of mean germination percentage for formulated conidia of both fungal species versus a high loss of mean germination percentage for the unformulated conidia, thus the diatomaceous earth dusts used in the formulation of both fungi demonstrated a negligible effect on the viability of formulated conidia compared to the unformulated.

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Abundance and diversity of insects associated with stored grains and tamarind in Nigeria

Polish Journal of Entomology / Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.0629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 90 (3 - Ahead of print) ◽

pp. 119-129

Author(s):

James Adebayo Ojo ◽

Adebayo Amos Omoloye

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Storage Pests ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Anisopteromalus Calandrae ◽

Stored Grains

Detailed information on insect pests of stored grains in Nigeria is lacking. A two-year survey was conducted to determine the species composition and abundance of insects associated with maize, millet, rice, sorghum and tamarind in eighteen locations across five agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. Sixteen coleopteran, lepidopteran and hymenopteran species were associated with stored products, with high species richness on cereal grains but low species richness on tamarind. Most of these insects are polyphagous on cereal grains, whereas the tamarind weevil Sitophilus linearis (Herbst, 1797) (Curculionidae), and Caryedon serratus (Oliver, 1790) (Chrysomelidae) were found only on tamarind in this study. The maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1758), rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (Linneaus, 1763), lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Bostrichidae), rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens, 1831) (Laemophloeidae) and red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Tenebrionidae) were most abundant on stored grains. The tamarind weevil, C. serratus and the sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linneaus, 1758) (Silvanidae) were most abundant on tamarind. The hymenopterans Theocolax elegans (Westwood, 1874) (Pteromalidae), Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard, 1881) (Pteromalidae) and Cephalonomia waterstoni (Gahan, 1931) (Bethylidae) were the dominant parasitoids of larvae and pupae of the storage pests. Simpson index of diversity of insect species across locations ranged from low (0.63) to high (0.89).

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