scholarly journals Timing Is Everything. Temporal and Spatial Niche Segregation in Curculio spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Associated with Oak Trees

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Michał Reut ◽  
Mariusz Chrabąszcz ◽  
Hanna Moniuszko
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Spatial Niche ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Period Duration

Oak seed predatory weevils occurring in Poland are prone to increased interspecific competition due to the limited number of Quercus species, compared to southern Europe, in which they can develop. Therefore, analyses on the preferences of three weevil species for acorn sizes chosen for reproduction, as well as on reproductive period duration, were performed. Cafeteria-type experiments were set for females of three species associated with one oak species. Females were allowed to choose and oviposit in acorns of different sizes and growth stages. Research revealed statistically significant differences between the masses of acorns chosen for oviposition by females of Curculio glandium (the biggest), C. pellitus (medium), and C. venosus (the smallest). Studied weevils also differed in terms of the beginning of the reproductive period, which corresponded with the increasing mass of growing acorns. Moreover, C. glandium was observed to be the only species to perform radial egg galleries and lay a considerably higher and varied number of eggs. The results support the hypothesis of a strategy aimed at reducing interspecific competition between Curculio spp. in terms of limited host plant species number.

Effect of phenolic compounds in oak leaves (Quercus spp.) and PEG on gas production technique in sheep

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 219-219
Author(s):  
Mostafa Yousef Elahi ◽  
Yousef Rouzbehan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Mountain Chain ◽  
High Level

Oak trees (Quercus spp.) are the main source of animal feedstuff in the forest areas of Zagros mountain chain in Iran. The leaves of oak contain high level of tannins particularly hydrolysable, which causes mortality in ruminant animals (Makkar, 2003). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) can form a stable complex with tannins, preventing the binding between tannins and dietary proteins (Makkar, 2003). Little information is available on the nutritive value of Quercus species (Q. persica and Q. infectoria). This study, therefore, is evaluating the chemical composition, phenolic compounds, organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) of these species with or without PEG using gas production technique in sheep.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Within-Field Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Bean pod mottle virus in Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Byamukama ◽  
A. E. Robertson ◽  
F. W. Nutter
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Beetle Population ◽  
Bean Leaf Beetle ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The prevalence and incidence of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) have been reported to be on the increase in the United States but little is known about the temporal and spatial dynamics of this virus within soybean (Glycine max) fields. A quadrat-based sampling method was developed to quantify the within-field spread of BPMV in soybean in 2006 and 2007. Twenty-five 30-cm-long quadrats were established within each row of soybean in field plots consisting of six rows, each 7.6 m long and spaced 0.76 m apart. Four treatments were used to influence the temporal and spatial dynamics of BPMV epidemics. Treatments were: (i) establishment of a point source of BPMV inoculum within soybean plots; (ii) lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide applied at the V1 and R2 growth stages; (iii) establishment of a BPMV inoculum point source, plus the application of foliar insecticide sprays at the V1 and R2 growth stages; and (iv) a nontreated, noninoculated control. All quadrats (census) were sampled beginning 25 days after planting; sampling continued every 8 to 11 days until plants were senescent. Sap from leaf samples was extracted and tested for BPMV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The incidence of BPMV per treatment was plotted against time to produce BPMV incidence curves for temporal analyses. In addition, positions of BPMV-positive quadrats were mapped for spatial analyses. BPMV was detected within soybean plots on the first sampling date in 2006 (30 May) and on the second sampling date in 2007 (21 June). The rate of BPMV temporal spread within treatments ranged from 0.11 to 0.13 logits/day in 2006 and from 0.05 to 0.07 logits/day in 2007. Doubling times for BPMV incidence among treatments ranged from 5.4 to 6.4 days in 2006 and from 10.0 to 14.1 days in 2007. Soybean plots that had the earliest dates of BPMV detection within quadrats (x) also had the highest BPMV incidence (y) at the end of the growing season (R2 = 66.5 and 70.4% for 2006 and 2007, respectively). Spatial analyses using ordinary runs, black-white join-counts, and spatial autocorrelation revealed highly aggregated spatial patterns of BPMV-infected quadrats over time. Bean leaf beetle population densities were linearly related to BPMV incidence (P < 0.0001) in both years, indicating that BPMV epidemics were greatly influenced by bean leaf beetle population density. To our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify the seasonal temporal and spatial dynamics of BPMV spread within soybean.

scholarly journals Effect of Salt Stress in Different Stages of Growth on Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
J. Nadaf
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cuminum Cyminum ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

Abstract Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the most important pharmaceutical plants. As a considerable portion of existing agricultural lands in arid regions is exposed to aridity and finally to salinity, we need to study the effects of salinity on the growth and production of agronomical products. For this purpose, an agricultural experiment in the form of split plots with three replications was conducted in 2011 at the Islamic Azad University, Gonabad Branch, Iran, in the longitude of 58°, 50’, latitude of 34°, 54’, and altitude of 940 m from the sea level. At the main plot, four salinity levels (2,5,8 and 11ds/m) and at the sub plot, the growth stages of stress implementation (including stress in establishment, flowering, and seed filling stage), were located at random. The results showed that the salinity rate had significant impact on fresh weight, dry weight, height , percentage of essence, seed and biological yield. With the increase in salinity from 2 to 11ds/m, a significant decrease in all vegetative and reproductive characteristics were observed. The most sensitive growth stages of plant to salt stress, during vegetative and reproductive period were the stage of establishment and flowering, respectively. There was no interaction between the growth stage of plant and salinity rate, except for seed yield and harvest index.

scholarly journals The importance in DNA barcoding of the regions which is covering rRNA genes and its sequences in the genus Quercus L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271
Author(s):  
Yilmaz Aykut
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Quercus Species

Turkey with 18 oak (Quercus) species is one of the richest country according to species number and diversity. The most important reason of the species diversity in Turkey is its location and geomorphological structure which increase climatic effects and seperate Turkey into different phytogeographic regions. Furthermore, hybridization behaviours which frequently observed between oak species, genetic drift, gene flow and ecological factors cause morphological variations in the plants species. All of these factors make it difficult to define the species concept for plant groups like oaks. Therefore, the region covering 18S rRNA gene/ ITS1/ 5.8S rRNA gene/ ITS2/ 25S rRNA gene and secondly intergenic spacer (IGS)/ 5S rRNA gene for barcoding were obtained from genbank and used as a useful tool for the determination and solution of the phylogenetic relations of taxonomically problematic species, also these barcoding regions were compared with each other according to species recognition ability for oak species. As a result, it can be stated that both barcoding regions have high variable sites based on sequence information to identify the species and evaluate relationships of species studied. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 261-271, 2020 (December)

scholarly journals Mode of action of bacteria bacillus subtilis № 2 and humic preparation on fruit formation in sweet pepper

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
V. N. Pishchik ◽  
N. I. Vorobyov ◽  
O. R. Udalova ◽  
V. G. Surin ◽  
Yu. V. Khomyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Pepper Plants

The effectivity of action of bacteria Bacillus subtilis № 2 and humic preparation Stimulife on yield and fruit formation in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in technologies of separated and joint use was studied. It was established that the use of bacteria Bacillus subtilis № 2 led to a decrease in the coefficient of variation in the mass of the leaves of the pepper plants and the coefficient of variation in the masses of the fruits of the plants. The maximum directivity of action of the preparations studied was revealed with the help of graph analysis. The action of bacteria Bacillus subtilis № 2 is directed on increasing the number of leaves of pepper plants, HP Stimulife - on reducing the vegetative period of plants, and joint application – on increasing the number of fruits on a single plant. In factor analysis, it was shown that a negative synergistic effect appeared with respect to chlorophyll (а+b) and the duration of the growth stages when Bacillus subtilis № 2 and HP Stimulife were combined used. The variety differences in the reactions of pepper plants to the preparations used were revealed.

scholarly journals Maize yield and rainfall on different spatial and temporal scales in Southern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Bergamaschi ◽  
Timothy Robert Wheeler ◽  
Andrew Juan Challinor ◽  
Flávia Comiran ◽  
Bruna Maria Machado Heckler
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Crop Monitoring ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

This study aimed to establish relationships between maize yield and rainfall on different temporal and spatial scales, in order to provide a basis for crop monitoring and modelling. A 16-year series of maize yield and daily rainfall from 11 municipalities and micro-regions of Rio Grande do Sul State was used. Correlation and regression analyses were used to determine associations between crop yield and rainfall for the entire crop cycle, from tasseling to 30 days after, and from 5 days before tasseling to 40 days after. Close relationships between maize yield and rainfall were found, particularly during the reproductive period (45-day period comprising the flowering and grain filling). Relationships were closer on a regional scale than at smaller scales. Implications of the crop-rainfall relationships for crop modelling are discussed.

Temporal and spatial segregation in an assemblage of Afrotropical subterranean snakes

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Petrozzi ◽  
Edem A. Eniang ◽  
Nioking Amadi ◽  
Godfrey C. Akani ◽  
Luca Luiselli
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Spatial Niche ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Habitat Generalist ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Randomization Algorithms ◽  
Dimension One ◽  
Niche Dimension

Niche partititioning patterns have not been studied so far in burrowing tropical snakes of the families Typhlopidae and Leptotyphlopidae. In this study, we analyze temporal (= monthly activity) and spatial (= habitat use) niche dimensions in three species of burrowing snakes from the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Null model analyses, using two randomization algorithms and 30 000 Monte Carlo permutations, showed that there was random resource partitioning patterns as for the spatial niche dimension. One species (Rhinotyphlops punctatus) clearly dominated in the sample, and appeared to be more habitat generalist than the others. All three species showed an uneven monthly activity, with peaks occurring by wet season, and statistically significant positive correlations between mean monthly rainfall and number of captured snakes. However, there were significantly negative correlations between mean monthly temperature and number of captured snakes in two of the three species (Rhinotyphlops congestus;Leptotyphlopscfr.sundewalli).

Species associations among dipterocarp species co-occurring in a Malaysian tropical rain forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo. O. Suzuki ◽  
Shinya Numata ◽  
Toshinori Okuda ◽  
Nur Supardi MD. Noor ◽  
Abdul Rahman Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Spatial Associations ◽  
Habitat Differentiation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Fast Growing Species

Abstract:Spatial association patterns reflect underlying mechanisms of coexistence, community structure of plant species in tropical forests. We hypothesized that if spatial associations between two species shift toward segregation patterns during the course of growth, deterministic mechanisms, such as interspecific competition and habitat differentiation, would prevail, whereas if no directed change in spatial associations between two species is observed and, consequently, the initial association pattern is retained through growth, the two species would experience weak interspecific competition and show no habitat differentiation. To assess the underlying mechanisms operating between confamilial species, we analysed spatial associations among 11 dipterocarp species in terms of three growth stages distinguished on the basis of dbh in the Pasoh 50-ha plot in Peninsular Malaysia. We analysed the spatial associations of all possible combinations among identical stages (165 pairs) and among different stages (330 pairs) for each pair of 11 species, except between identical species. Our previous study revealed that the 11 species could be characterized into two classes: seven fast-growing species exhibited high growth and mortality rates, spatial aggregation on a small scale, and positive habitat associations, while four slow-growing species exhibited low growth and mortality rates, spatial aggregation on a large scale, and no habitat associations except one. Spatial segregation was observed between fast-growing species (32 pairs, 17%) and between species of different classes (35 pairs, 14%), but not between slow-growing species. Throughout the growth stages, positive associations with other species were maintained for slow-growing species versus fast-growing species. In contrast, changes in initial associations toward segregation were observed more in fast-growing species. These results indicated that interspecific competition or habitat differentiation dominated for fast-growing species, while non-directed random processes dominated for slow-growing species.

scholarly journals A within-season approach for detecting early growth stages in corn and soybean using high temporal and spatial resolution imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 111752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Martha Anderson ◽  
Craig Daughtry ◽  
Arnon Karnieli ◽  
Dean Hively ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Carabids Influenced by Small-Scale Admixture of Oak Trees in Pine Stands

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Alexandra Wehnert ◽  
Sven Wagner ◽  
Franka Huth
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Geostatistical Models ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Spatio Temporal

In a region with poor soil fertility, low annual precipitation and large areas of homogenous Pinus sylvestris L. forests, conservation of old sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) trees is one option to enrich structure and species richness. We studied the affinities of Carabus coriaceus, C. violaceus, C. hortensis and C. arvensis for specific tree species and the resultant intra- and interspecific interactions. We focused on their temporal and spatial distributions. Pitfall traps were used as a surface-related capture method on a grid over an area of three hectares. Generalised linear models and generalised linear geostatistical models were used to analyse carabid activity densities related to distance-dependent spatial effects corresponding to tree zones (oak, oak–pine, pine). The results demonstrated significant spatial affinities among these carabids, especially for females and during the period of highest activity. Individuals of C. coriaceus showed a tendency to the oak zone and C. hortensis exhibited a significant affinity to the oak–pine mixture. Imagines of C. arvensis and C. violaceus were more closely related to pine. The observed temporal and spatial coexistence of the different Carabus species reveals that single admixed old oak trees can support greater diversity within pine-dominated forests.

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