scholarly journals Public Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities for Strategic Sustainable Domestic Water Management. A Case of Iringa Region In Tanzania

J ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-466
Author(s):  
Mesia Lufingo
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Mandatory Service ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Water supply is a mandatory service for the majority from respective legal public water utilities, and its sustainability reflects implementations of best management strategies at a local level. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess current approaches used in water quality and quantity management and (ii) propose a sustainable domestic water management strategy. This was achieved through secondary water data trends, on-site water quality assessments, visits of water supply and sanitation authorities, and assessment of their performances. It was observed that water supplied in rural-based authorities was quite different from that supplied in an urban setting as far as quality and quantity are concerned; urban-based supplies are more affordable to users than rural ones. A new strategy on water management is presented for sustainable water supply; it is based on controlling groundwater abstractions and preference of surface water in public water supplies. Rural water supply management must learn several practices realized in urban supplies for the betterment of services for the majority of the users.

scholarly journals Public Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities: A Sustainable Domestic Water Management Strategy in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesia Lufingo
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Mandatory Service ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Water supply is a mandatory service for Tanzanians from respective legal public water utilities, and their sustainability reflects implementations of best management strategies at a local level. The objective of this study was to assess current approaches used in water quality and quantity management in Tanzania. This was achieved through secondary water data tends, on-site water quality assessments, visits of respective water supply and sanitation authorities, and assessment of their performances. It was observed that water supplied in rural-based authorities was quite different from that supplied in an urban setting as far as quality and quantity is concerned, urban-based supplies being of assistance to users over rural ones. A new strategy on water management is presented for sustainable water supply in Tanzania; it is based on controlling groundwater abstractions and preference of surface water in public water supplies. Rural water supply management must learn several practices realized at urban supplies for the betterment of respective majority water users.

Effect of different water management strategies on water and contaminant fluxes in Doncaster,United Kingdom

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rueedi ◽  
A.A. Cronin ◽  
B. Moon ◽  
L. Wolf ◽  
H. Hoetzl
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Solute Fluxes

In Europe, large volumes of public water supply come from urban aquifers and so efficient urban water management and decision tools are essential to maintain quality of life both in terms of health, personal freedom and environment. In the United Kingdom, this issue gained increased importance with the last year's low volumes of groundwater replenishment that resulted in increased water shortages all over the country. An urban water volume and quality model (UVQ) was applied to a suburb of Doncaster (United Kingdom) to assess the current water supply system and to compare it with new potential scenarios of water management. The initial results show considerable changes in both water and solute fluxes for some scenarios and rather limited changes for others. Changing impermeable roads and paved areas to permeable areas, for example, would lead to higher infiltration rates that may be welcome from a water resources viewpoint but less so from a water quality point of view due to high concentrations of heavy metals. The biggest impact on water quality and quantity leaving the system through sewer, storm water and infiltration system was clearly obtained by re-using grey water from kitchen, bathroom and laundry for irrigation and toilet flush. The testing of this strategy led to lower volumes and higher concentrations of sewerage, a considerable decrease in water consumption and an increase in groundwater recharge. The scenarios were tested neither in terms of costs nor social acceptance for either water supplier or user.

Leading the City of Baltimore into the 21st Century: Flexible Treatment Solutions and Integrated Raw Water Management

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Manuszak ◽  
M. MacPhee ◽  
S. Liskovich ◽  
L. Feldsher
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
The City

The City of Baltimore, Maryland is one of many US cities faced with challenges related to increasing potable water demands, diminishing fresh water supplies, and aging infrastructure. To address these challenges, the City recently undertook a $7M study to evaluate water supply and treatment alternatives and develop the conceptual design for a new 120 million gallon per day (MGD) water treatment plant. As part of this study, an innovative raw water management tool was constructed to help model source water availability and predicted water quality based on integration of a new and more challenging surface water supply. A rigorous decision-making approach was then used to screen and select appropriate treatment processes. Short-listed treatment strategies were demonstrated through a year-long pilot study, and process design criteria were collected in order to assess capital and operational costs for the full-scale plant. Ultimately the City chose a treatment scheme that includes low-pressure membrane filtration and post-filter GAC adsorption, allowing for consistent finished water quality irrespective of which raw water supply is being used. The conceptual design includes several progressive concepts, which will: 1) alleviate treatment limitations at the City's existing plants by providing additional pre-clarification facilities at the new plant; and 2) take advantage of site conditions to design and operate the submerged membrane system by gravity-induced siphon, saving the City significant capital and operations and maintenance (O&M) costs. Once completed, the new Fullerton Water Filtration Plant (WFP) will be the largest low-pressure membrane plant in North America, and the largest gravity-siphon design in the world.

scholarly journals Circuit Rider post-construction support: improvements in domestic water quality and system sustainability in El Salvador

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia L. Kayser ◽  
William Moomaw ◽  
Jose Miguel Orellana Portillo ◽  
Jeffrey K. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
System Sustainability ◽  
The Impact

Small piped water supply systems are often unable to provide reliable, microbiologically safe, and sustainable service over time, and this has direct impacts on public health. Circuit Rider (CR) post-construction support (PCS) addresses this through the provision of technical, financial, and operational assistance to these systems. CRPCS operates in low and high-income countries; yet, no rigorous studies of CRPCS exist. We measured the impact of CRPCS on ‘water quality’ and ‘sustainability’ indicators (technical and administrative capacity, and water supply protection) in El Salvador. In this field-based study, a case-control design was utilized in 60 randomly selected case (28 CR) and comparable control (32 noCR) communities. Microbiological water quality tests and pre-tested structured key-informant interviews were conducted. The operational costs of CRPCS were also assessed. Data were compared using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. We found communities with CRPCS had significantly lower microbiological water contamination, better disinfection rates, higher water fee payment rates, greater transparency (measured by auditable banking records), greater rates of household metering, and higher spending for repairs and water treatment than comparable control communities. CRPCS is also a low-cost (<$1 per household/year in El Salvador) drinking water intervention.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Two Management Strategies for Harvested Emergent Vegetation on Immature Mosquito Abundance and Water Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
William E. Walton ◽  
Kevin Mai ◽  
Andrew Nguyen ◽  
Rex Tse
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Mosquito Abundance

ABSTRACT Emergent macrophytes play critical roles in water treatment processes of free-water surface constructed treatment wetlands. Management strategies for plant biomass affect wetland function and mosquito populations. Sinking of harvested macrophyte biomass is thought to provide organic carbon that enhances denitrifying bacteria important for nutrient removal while concomitantly reducing harborage for mosquitoes. The effects of sinking versus floating dried plant biomass (California bulrush [Schoenoplectus californicus]) on immature mosquito abundance and water quality (nutrient levels, oxygen demand, and physicochemical variables) were examined in mesocosms (28-m2 ponds or 1.4-m2 wading pools) under different flow regimes in 4 studies. The numbers of mosquito larvae in earthen ponds with floating vegetation were greater than in ponds with sunken vegetation on most dates but did not differ significantly between the 2 vegetation treatments in experiments using wading pools. Differences of the abundance of Anopheles larvae between the 2 vegetation management treatments were larger than for Culex larvae when naturally occurring larval mosquito predators were present. At high turnover rates (>2 pond volumes/day), water quality did not differ significantly between the vegetation management treatments and the water supply. At low turnover rates (approximately 2–6% of water volume/day), water quality differed significantly between the 2 vegetation management treatments and the water supply. Sinking vegetation can enhance the effectiveness of mosquito control but, depending on water management practices, may raise the concentrations of water quality constituents in discharges that are regulated under the Clean Water Act.

scholarly journals Nghiên cứu mô hình xử lý nước suối Tà Vải tỉnh Hà Giang bằng công nghệ màng lọc kết hợp vật liệu lọc đa năng để cấp nước phục vụ cho sinh hoạt

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Xuân Thường Đặng ◽  
Thị Anh Thơ Lưu ◽  
Văn Thạch Lê ◽  
Thị Hoa Lương ◽  
Văn Đang Dương
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Northwestern Region

Clean water is a basic necessity for daily life. Clean water helps people maintain their daily lives in case of domestic activities. If using unclean water, it will be harmful to the health because water is the medium that transports chemicals and bacteria, viruses, parasites causing diseases that are not visible to the naked eyes. According to statistics, Our country still has many places where the quality of water supply is not ensured for daily life, especially in mountainous, frontier areas and places where the terrain is difficult and lacks of facilities. The water used for living in the northwestern region in general and the Ta Vai stream’s basin in Ha Giang province in particular is taken from rivers and streams that have not been treated or have been processed but the water quality is not guaranteed for living. Therefore, a study on the construction of the treatment model of Ta Vai spring water in Ha Giang province by using membrane technology combined with integrated filter materials for water supply is essential. The research shows that the water treatment model in Ta Vai stream by using membrane technology combined with integrated filter materials has completely treated water as reaching the quality of QCVN 02: 2009 / BYT - National technical regulation on domestic water quality.

scholarly journals A first generation African community grappling with urbanisation: the views of Platfontein’s San on water and sanitation service delivery

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Tempelhoff
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Northern Cape ◽  
African Community ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Since their relocation in 2004 to Platfontein near Kimberley in South Africa’s Northern Cape Province, members of the !Xun and Khwe San, originally from the northern parts of Namibia and southern Angola, became a first generation African community grappling with urbanisation in a rapidly modernising South Africa. The Platfontein area, a number of farms with a settlement housing complex accommodating about 7 000 people, is currently an emergent urban area in which residents have the opportunity to lead urban lives. However, the local water supply and sanitation infrastructure is in a bad state. People reside in early RDP houses, which since being handed over by the Department of Housing have not all been provided with proper water, sanitation and electricity.In the article attention is given to the perceptions of the San community of Platfontein on their prospects for the future under current conditions. The focus is on local water and sanitation service delivery provided by the Sol Plaatje Local Municipality. In many respects their views reflect the complex cultural adjustments necessary to live in an urban environment. Water supply and sanitation are services taken for granted in a modern urban setting. The fact that the San community is subject to considerable frustration about poor service delivery in these important services is a root cause of their discontent with the realities of life in an urban environment that does not live up to their expectations.

scholarly journals Revival of Traditional Cascade Tanks for Achieving Climate Resilience in Drylands of South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pennan Chinnasamy ◽  
Aman Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
South India ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
North East ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
South West Monsoon

Traditional tanks in arid regions of India have been working to address water demands of the public for more than 2000 years. However, recent decade is witnessing growing domestic and agricultural water demand coupled with rising encroachment and ignorance toward tanks; consequently, intensifying water shortage issues. While climate change is impacting at alarming rates, local agencies have forgotten these tanks that have aided in sustainable water supply solutions for decades apart from municipal water supply. This research, for the first time, estimates water supply-demand for an arid region in South India (Madurai) and lists out the benefits if tanks were managed and desilted. Exploratory investigations for documenting seasonal domestic and agricultural unmet water demand were conducted followed by their validation through ground-truthing across the study period 2002–2019. Results indicated high unmet domestic water demand, estimating ~73% [maximum 365 thousand cubic meters (TCM)] for summer (March to May) and ~33% (maximum 149 TCM) for winter (January and February), and high unmet agricultural water demand estimating ~90% (maximum 5,424 TCM) during North-East monsoon (October to December), and ~95% (maximum 5,161 TCM) during South-West monsoon (June to September). Erratic rainfall pattern was identified as a major cause for higher fluctuations in water availability inside tanks ranging 0–50%, while lack of ownership resulted in increased siltation load ranging 30–70% of the tank's volume. The study found that the major portion of the unmet water demand can be accounted for through rehabilitation of the tanks, as under the rehabilitated tank irrigation scenario the tank storage could attain 200–400% more water than the estimated agricultural water demand. It was concluded that if the cascade tanks were managed appropriately, they could have positive impacts by reducing floods and providing water for drought seasons.

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