Structure and Properties of Supercritical Water: Experimental and Theoretical Characterizations

Water in the supercritical region of the phase diagram exhibits a markedly different structure and properties from that at ambient conditions, which is useful in controlling chemical reactions. Nonetheless, the experimental, as well as theoretical, characterization of the substance is not easy because the region is next to the critical point. This article reviews the experimental as well as theoretical studies on water in the supercritical region and its properties as a solvent for chemical reactions, as carried out by the authors and based on small-angle X-ray scattering and the statistical mechanics theory of molecular liquids, also known as reference interaction-site model (RISM) theory.

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Small angle X-ray scattering study of porosity variation in a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19811675 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 1675-1681 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Josef Baldrian ◽

Božena N. Kolarz ◽

Henrik Galina

Keyword(s):

Small Angle ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Two Phase ◽

X Ray ◽

Porosity Variation ◽

Swelling Agent ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Styrene Divinylbenzene ◽

Ray Scattering

Porosity variations induced by swelling agent exchange were studied in a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. Standard methods were used in the characterization of copolymer porosity in the dry state and the results were compared with related structural parameters derived from small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements as developed for the characterization of two-phase systems. The SAXS method was also used for porosity determination in swollen samples. The differences in the porosity of dry samples were found to be an effect of the drying process, while in the swollen state the sample swells and deswells isotropically.

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First characterization of chemical environments using energy dispersive inelastic x-ray scattering induced by an x-ray tube

Review of Scientific Instruments ◽

10.1063/5.0026061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 013102

Author(s):

Roberto Daniel Pérez ◽

Juan José Leani ◽

José Ignacio Robledo ◽

Héctor Jorge Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Energy Dispersive ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Ray Scattering

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Nanostructural Characterization of Oleyl Acid Phosphate in Poly-α-olefin Using Small-angle X-ray Scattering

Chemistry Letters ◽

10.1246/cl.200204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 823-825

Author(s):

Yojiro Oba ◽

Ryuhei Motokawa ◽

Masahiro Hino ◽

Nozomu Adachi ◽

Yoshikazu Todaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Angle ◽

Acid Phosphate ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Ray Scattering

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X-ray scattering characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles Langmuir film on water surface and on a solid substrate

Thin Solid Films ◽

10.1016/j.tsf.2016.07.060 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 616 ◽

pp. 43-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

V. Ukleev ◽

A. Khassanov ◽

I. Snigireva ◽

O. Konovalov ◽

A. Vorobiev

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Water Surface ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Langmuir Film ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Ray Scattering

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Precise and nondestructive characterization of a ‘buried’ nanostructure in a polymer thin film using synchrotron radiation ultra-small angle X-ray scattering

Polymer Journal ◽

10.1038/pj.2012.133 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Takamichi Shinohara ◽

Tomoko Shirahase ◽

Daiki Murakami ◽

Taiki Hoshino ◽

Moriya Kikuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Small Angle ◽

Polymer Thin Film ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Nondestructive Characterization ◽

Ray Scattering

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In situsmall-angle X-ray scattering characterization of X-ray-induced local heating

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s1600576714020159 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 2078-2080 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Monika Witala ◽

Jun Han ◽

Andreas Menzel ◽

Kim Nygård

Keyword(s):

Local Heating ◽

Liquid Mixtures ◽

Glass Capillary ◽

Sample Container ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Synchrotron Light ◽

Ray Scattering

It is shown that small-angle X-ray scattering from binary liquid mixtures close to the critical point of demixing can be used forin situcharacterization of beam-induced heating of liquid samples. For demonstration purposes, the proposed approach is applied on a well studied critical mixture of water and 2,6-lutidine. Given a typical incident X-ray flux at a third-generation synchrotron light source and using a 1.5 mm-diameter glass capillary as sample container, a beam-induced local temperature increase of 0.45 ± 0.10 K is observed.

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