Glycation and Glycosylation in Cardiovascular Remodeling: Focus on Advanced Glycation End Products and O-Linked Glycosylations as Glucose-Related Pathogenetic Factors and Disease Markers

Glycation and glycosylation are non-enzymatic and enzymatic reactions, respectively, of glucose, glucose metabolites, and other reducing sugars with different substrates, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Increased availability of glucose is a recognized risk factor for the onset and progression of diabetes-mellitus-associated disorders, among which cardiovascular diseases have a great impact on patient mortality. Both advanced glycation end products, the result of non-enzymatic glycation of substrates, and O-linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation, a glycosylation reaction that is controlled by O-N-AcetylGlucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), have been shown to play a role in cardiovascular remodeling. In this review, we aim (1) to summarize the most recent data regarding the role of glycation and O-linked-N-Acetylglucosaminylation as glucose-related pathogenetic factors and disease markers in cardiovascular remodeling, and (2) to discuss potential common mechanisms linking these pathways to the dysregulation and/or loss of function of different biomolecules involved in this field.

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Bombax ceiba (Linn.) calyxes ameliorate methylglyoxal-induced oxidative stress via modulation of RAGE expression: identification of active phytometabolites by GC-MS analysis

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c9fo02714a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 5486-5497

Author(s):

Anusha Komati ◽

Ajay Anand ◽

Hussain Shaik ◽

Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam ◽

Katragadda Suresh Babu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Advanced Glycation End Products ◽

Enzymatic Reactions ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

End Products ◽

Rage Expression

Non-enzymatic reactions between proteins and methylglyoxal (MG) result in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Bombax ceiba calyx extract prevents the formation of AGEs.

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Antioxidant and Antiglycation Effects of Polyphenol Compounds Extracted from Hazelnut Skin on Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) Formation

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030424 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 424

Author(s):

Ludovica Spagnuolo ◽

Susanna Della Posta ◽

Chiara Fanali ◽

Laura Dugo ◽

Laura De Gara

Keyword(s):

Advanced Glycation End Products ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Enzymatic Reactions ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Polyphenol Compounds ◽

Enhanced Production ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

End Products

The advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) arise from non-enzymatic reactions of sugar with protein side chains, some of which are oxido-reductive in nature. Enhanced production of AGEs plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications as well as in natural aging, renal failure, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. The aim of this work is to study antiglycation effects of polyphenol compounds extracted by hazelnut skin that represents an example of polyphenols-rich food industry by-product, on AGEs formation. AGEs derived from incubation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and methylglyoxal (MGO) were characterized by fluorescence. The phenolics identification and total polyphenol content in hazelnut skin extracts were analyzed by HPLC-MS and the Folin–Ciocalteu method, respectively. Antioxidant efficacy was evaluated by monitoring total antioxidant activity to assess the ABTS radical scavenging activity of samples by TEAC assay and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, expressed as millimoles of Trolox equivalents per gram of sample. Data here presented suggest that phenolic compounds in hazelnut skin have an inhibitory effect on the BSA-AGEs model in vitro, and this effect is concentration-dependent. The putative role of the hazelnut skin antioxidative properties for hindering AGEs formation is also discussed. Because of AGEs contribution to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, foods enriched, or supplements containing natural bioactive molecules able to inhibit their production could be an interesting new strategy for supporting therapeutic approaches with a positive effect on human health.

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