scholarly journals Childhood Leukemia Survivors and Metabolic Response to Exercise: A Pilot Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charline Pegon ◽  
Emmanuelle Rochette ◽  
Nadège Rouel ◽  
Bruno Pereira ◽  
Eric Doré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Response To Exercise

Background: Leukemia is the most common cancer in pediatrics, with many late effects such as higher risk of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The objective of this work was to investigate substrate oxidation during submaximal exercise in survivors of childhood acute leukemia. Methods: A total of 20 leukemia survivors and 20 healthy children were matched by sex, age, and Tanner stage. They all took a submaximal incremental exercise test to determine fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates. Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly lower in leukemia survivors, with lower relative VO2 peaks (p < 0.001), lower heart rate values (p = 0.02), and lower exercise power (p = 0.012), whereas rest metabolism and body mass index did not differ between the two groups. During exercise, upward of heart rate relative to VO2 peak was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in childhood leukemia survivors. We found lower carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates (p = 0.07) in leukemia survivors compared with healthy children, and also a significantly lower relative maximal fat oxidation rate (p = 0.014). Conclusion: Despite impaired physical fitness and metabolic response to exercise, childhood leukemia survivors remained sensitive to physical activity interventions, and could readily adapt to submaximal exercise intensity.

Cerebral oxygenation and metabolism during exercise following three months of endurance training in healthy overweight males

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. R867-R876 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Seifert ◽  
P. Rasmussen ◽  
P. Brassard ◽  
P. H. Homann ◽  
M. Wissenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Venous Catheterization ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Epinephrine Concentration

Endurance training improves muscular and cardiovascular fitness, but the effect on cerebral oxygenation and metabolism remains unknown. We hypothesized that 3 mo of endurance training would reduce cerebral carbohydrate uptake with maintained cerebral oxygenation during submaximal exercise. Healthy overweight males were included in a randomized, controlled study (training: n = 10; control: n = 7). Arterial and internal jugular venous catheterization was used to determine concentration differences for oxygen, glucose, and lactate across the brain and the oxygen-carbohydrate index [molar uptake of oxygen/(glucose + ½ lactate); OCI], changes in mitochondrial oxygen tension (ΔPMitoO2) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were calculated. For all subjects, resting OCI was higher at the 3-mo follow-up (6.3 ± 1.3 compared with 4.7 ± 0.9 at baseline, mean ± SD; P < 0.05) and coincided with a lower plasma epinephrine concentration ( P < 0.05). Cerebral adaptations to endurance training manifested when exercising at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (∼211 W). Before training, both OCI (3.9 ± 0.9) and ΔPMitoO2 (−22 mmHg) decreased ( P < 0.05), whereas CMRO2 increased by 79 ± 53 micromol·100·g−1 min−1 ( P < 0.05). At the 3-mo follow-up, OCI (4.9 ± 1.0) and ΔPMitoO2 (−7 ± 13 mmHg) did not decrease significantly from rest and when compared with values before training ( P < 0.05), CMRO2 did not increase. This study demonstrates that endurance training attenuates the cerebral metabolic response to submaximal exercise, as reflected in a lower carbohydrate uptake and maintaind cerebral oxygenation.

The effect of puberty on fat oxidation rates during exercise in overweight and normal-weight girls

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Chu ◽  
M. C. Riddell ◽  
J. E. Schneiderman ◽  
B. W. McCrindle ◽  
J. K. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Oxidation Rates

Excess weight is often associated with insulin resistance (IR) and may disrupt fat oxidation during exercise. This effect is further modified by puberty. While studies have shown that maximal fat oxidation rates (FOR) during exercise decrease with puberty in normal-weight (NW) and overweight (OW) boys, the effect of puberty in NW and OW girls is unclear. Thirty-three NW and OW girls ages 8–18 yr old completed a peak aerobic capacity test on a cycle ergometer. FOR were calculated during progressive submaximal exercise. Body composition and Tanner stage were determined. For each participant, a best-fit polynomial curve was constructed using fat oxidation vs. exercise intensity to estimate max FOR. In a subset of the girls, IR derived from an oral glucose tolerance test ( n = 20), and leptin and adiponectin levels ( n = 11) were assessed in relation to FOR. NW pre-early pubertal girls had higher max FOR [6.9 ± 1.4 mg·kg fat free mass (FFM)−1·min−1] than NW mid-late pubertal girls (2.2 ± 0.9 mg·kg FFM−1·min−1) ( P = 0.002), OW pre-early pubertal girls (3.8 ± 2.1 mg·kg FFM−1·min−1), and OW mid-late pubertal girls (3.3 ± 0.9 mg·kg FFM−1·min−1) ( P < 0.05). Bivariable analyses showed positive associations between FOR with homeostatic model assessment of IR ( P = 0.001), leptin ( P < 0.001), and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio ( P = 0.001), independent of percent body fat. Max FOR decreased in NW girls during mid-late puberty; however, this decrease associated with puberty was blunted in OW girls due to lower FOR in pre-early puberty. The presence of IR due to obesity potentially masks the effect of puberty on FOR during exercise in girls.

scholarly journals Reduced fat oxidation rates during submaximal exercise in boys with cystic fibrosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Joyce Obeid ◽  
Jeff M. Baker ◽  
Tim Takken ◽  
Linda Pedder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Reduced Fat

The Acute Effects of L-arginine on Hormonal and Metabolic Responses During Submaximal Exercise in Trained Cyclists

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Vicki Harber ◽  
Gordon J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Time Point

L-arginine may enhance endurance performance mediated by two primary mechanisms including enhanced secretion of endogenous growth hormone (GH) and as a precursor of nitric oxide (NO); however, research in trained participants has been equivocal. The purpose was to investigate the effect of acute L-arginine ingestion on the hormonal and metabolic response during submaximal exercise in trained cyclists. Fifteen aerobically trained men (age: 28 ± 5 y; body mass: 77.4 ± 9.5 kg; height: 180.9 ± 7.9 cm; VO2max: 59.6 ± 5.9 ml·kg-1·min−1) participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Subjects consumed L-arginine (ARG; 0.075 g·kg-1 body mass) or a placebo (PLA) before performing an acute bout of submaximal exercise (60 min at 80% of power output achieved at ventilatory threshold). The ARG condition significantly increased plasma L-arginine concentrations (~146%), while no change was detected in the PLA condition. There were no differences between conditions for GH, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), lactate, glucose, VO2, VCO2, RER, CHO oxidation, and NOx. There was reduced fat oxidation at the start of exercise (ARG: 0.36 ± 0.25 vs. PLA: 0.42 ± 0.23 g·min−1, p < .05) and an elevated plasma glycerol concentrations at the 45-min time point (ARG: 340.3 vs. PLA: 288.5 μmol·L-1, p < .05) after L-arginine consumption. In conclusion, the acute ingestion of L-arginine did not alter any hormonal, metabolic, or cardio-respiratory responses during submaximal exercise except for a small but significant increase in glycerol at the 45-min time point and a reduction in fat oxidation at the start of exercise.

More than a store: regulatory roles for glycogen in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (11) ◽  
pp. E1343-E1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Philp ◽  
Mark Hargreaves ◽  
Keith Baar
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Muscle Adaptation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Particles ◽  
Adaptation To Exercise

The glycogen content of muscle determines not only our capacity for exercise but also the signaling events that occur in response to exercise. The result of the shift in signaling is that frequent training in a low-glycogen state results in improved fat oxidation during steady-state submaximal exercise. This review will discuss how the amount or localization of glycogen particles can directly or indirectly result in this differential response to training. The key direct effect discussed is carbohydrate binding, whereas the indirect effects include the metabolic shift toward fat oxidation, the increase in catecholamines, and osmotic stress. Although our understanding of the role of glycogen in response to training has expanded exponentially over the past 5 years, there are still many questions remaining as to how stored carbohydrate affects the muscular adaptation to exercise.

scholarly journals Reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following isomaltulose ingestion: implications for postprandial substrate use

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1408-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G. P. van Can ◽  
T. Herman IJzerman ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon ◽  
Fred Brouns ◽  
Ellen E. Blaak
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Substrate Use ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
The Impact

The impact of slow digestible sources of dietary carbohydrate in reducing the risk of developing obesity and related metabolic disorders is unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the postprandial metabolic response to the ingestion of sucrose v. isomaltulose. We hypothesised that the reduced digestion and absorption rate of isomaltulose would result in lower glycaemic and insulinaemic responses when compared with the ingestion of sucrose, leading to greater postprandial fat oxidation rates. In a randomised, single-blind, cross-over study, ten overweight subjects ingested two different carbohydrate drinks (sucrose and isomaltulose, 75 g carbohydrate equivalents) following an overnight fast (08.40 hours) and with a standardised meal (12.30 hours, 25 % of total energy content was provided as either a sucrose or isomaltulose drink). Blood samples were taken before ingestion and every 30 min thereafter for a period of 3 h, substrate use was assessed by indirect calorimetry and breath samples were collected. Ingestion of carbohydrates with a mixed meal resulted in a lower peak glucose and insulin response and a lower change in area under the curve (ΔAUC) following isomaltulose when compared with sucrose. Together with the lower glucose and insulin responses, postprandial fat oxidation rates were higher (14 %) with isomaltulose when compared with sucrose when ingested with a mixed meal (P = 0·02). The attenuated rise in glucose and insulin concentrations following isomaltulose results in reduced inhibition of postprandial fat oxidation. The metabolic response to isomaltulose co-ingestion suggests that this may represent an effective nutritional strategy to counteract overweight-induced metabolic disturbances.

Reduced Fat Oxidation Rates During Submaximal Exercise in Adolescents with Crohnʼs Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2659-2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Hilde E. Ploeger ◽  
Joyce Obeid ◽  
Robert M. Issenman ◽  
Jeff M. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Reduced Fat

Cardiovascular response to submaximal exercise in sustained microgravity

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Shykoff ◽  
L. E. Farhi ◽  
A. J. Olszowka ◽  
D. R. Pendergast ◽  
M. A. Rokitka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Response To Exercise

Cardiac output (Q), heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured repeatedly both at rest and at two levels of exercise in six subjects during microgravity exposure. Exercise was at 30 and 60% of the workload producing the individual's maximal VO2 in 1 G. Three of the subjects were on a 9-day flight, Spacelab Life Sciences-1, and three were on a 15-day flight, Spacelab Life Sciences-2. We found no temporal differences during the flights. Thus we have combined all microgravity measurements to compare in-flight values with erect or supine control values. At rest, Q in flight was 126% of Q erect (P < 0.01) but was not different from Q supine, and HR in flight was 81% of HR erect (P < 0.01) and 91% of HR supine (P < 0.05). Thus resting stroke volume (SV) in flight was 155% of SV erect (P < 0.01) and 109% SV supine (P < 0.05). Resting mean arterial blood pressure and diastolic pressure were lower in flight than erect (P < 0.05). Exercise values were considered as functions of VO2. The increase in Q with VO2 in flight was less than that at 1 G (slope 3.5 vs. 6.1 x min-1.l-1.min-1). SV in flight fell with increasing VO2, whereas SV erect rose and SV supine remained constant. The blood pressure response to exercise was not different in flight from erect or supine. We conclude that true microgravity causes a cardiovascular response different from that seen during any of its putative simulations.

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