Frailty and COVID-19: A Systematic Scoping Review

Older people have paid a huge toll in terms of mortality during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Frailty may have contributed to the vulnerability of older people to more severe clinical presentation. We aimed at reviewing available evidence about frailty and COVID-19. We searched PUBMED, Web of Science, and EMBASE from 1 December 2019 to 29 May 2020. Study selection and data extraction were performed by three independent reviewers. Qualitative synthesis was conducted and quantitative data extracted when available. Forty papers were included: 13 editorials, 15 recommendations/guidelines, 3 reviews, 1 clinical trial, 6 observational studies, 2 case reports. Editorials and reviews underlined the potential clinical relevance of assessing frailty among older patients with COVID-19. However, frailty was only investigated in regards to its association with overall mortality, hospital contagion, intensive care unit admission rates, and disease phenotypes in the few observational studies retrieved. Specific interventions in relation to frailty or its impact on COVID-19 treatments have not been evaluated yet. Even with such limited evidence, clinical recommendations on the use of frailty tools have been proposed to support decision making about escalation plan. Ongoing initiatives are expected to improve knowledge of COVID-19 interaction with frailty and to promote patient-centered approaches.

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Drug-Induced Restless Legs Syndrome

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/1060028018760296 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 662-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Edna Patatanian ◽

Melanie K. Claborn

Keyword(s):

Restless Legs Syndrome ◽

English Language ◽

Case Reports ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Case Series ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Restless Legs ◽

Drug Classes ◽

Study Selection

Objective: To review the literature on drug-induced restless legs syndrome (DI-RLS). Data Sources: The review included a search for English-language literature from 1966 to December 2017 in the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Ovid databases using the following search terms: restless legs syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movement, adverse effects, and drug-induced. In addition, background articles on the pathophysiology, etiology, and epidemiology of RLS were retrieved. Bibliographies of relevant articles were reviewed for additional citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All case reports, case series, and review articles of DI-RLS were identified and analyzed. There were only a small number of controlled clinical trials, and most data were from case reports and case series. Results: Several drugs and drug classes have been implicated in DI-RLS, with antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptics having the most evidence. In addition, RLS may be linked with a number of disorders or underlying predisposing factors as well. Conclusions: The prevalence of RLS is variable and ranges from 3% to 19% in the general population. There are many predisposing factors to RLS, but an emerging body of evidence suggests that there is an association between numerous drugs and RLS.

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Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding on Treatment With Statin Alone or With Concomitant Administration of Warfarin: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 5.3 Million Participants

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/10600280211049727 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106002802110497

Author(s):

Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽

Kota Vidyasaga ◽

Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes ◽

Wubshet Tesfaye

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Concomitant Administration ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Data Synthesis ◽

Study Selection ◽

Statin Monotherapy ◽

Statin Use

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) with statin monotherapy or with concomitant warfarin use. Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE (via Scopus) were searched for observational studies that reported the risk of GIB in adults on statin therapy or with concomitant warfarin use until August 28, 2021. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Observational studies evaluating the risk of GIB in adults (age >18 years) on statin medication or concomitant use with warfarin were included. Data Synthesis: In all, 14 studies with a total of 5 235 123 participants, reporting 48 677 GIB events (43 734 from statin users and 4943 from users of statin combined with warfarin), were included in the analyses. The pooled analysis revealed no difference in the risk of GIB with statin monotherapy (relative risk [RR]: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42-1.02) or concomitant statin + warfarin use (RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.91-1.02). Prior use of statin was not associated with GIB risk (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.63-1.22), whereas a shorter duration of statin use (<5 years) was associated with a lower risk of GIB (RR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.18-0.97). Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This analysis provides strong evidence on the association between statin use (with/without warfarin) and risk of GIB. Conclusion: Statin alone or combined with warfarin was not significantly associated with either an increased or decreased risk of GIB. The GIB risk was significantly lower when statins were used for a short duration (<5 years). The putative relationship between statins and GIB in warfarin users warrant further investigation.

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Use of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha for Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis

Journal of Pharmacy Technology ◽

10.1177/875512259401000504 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 204-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christina L. Cocnata

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Case Reports ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽

Intravesical Instillation ◽

Optimal Dosage ◽

Bladder Irrigation ◽

Optimal Dosage Regimen ◽

Study Selection ◽

Prostaglandin F

Objective: To examine the use of prostaglandin F2 alpha in treating cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Data Sources: An English language literature search using MEDLINE 1982–1993 and bibliographic reviews of related textbooks and review articles. Study Selection: Articles containing pertinent information regarding the therapeutic use and effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha as a treatment for cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in humans. Data Extraction: Resources were evaluated and information was extracted independently. Data Synthesis: A review of human cases suggests that intravesical administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha may be an effective bedside therapy for cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Adverse reactions are limited primarily to local effects. The optimal dosage regimen of intravesical prostaglandin F2 alpha is not clearly established. Conclusions: Patients with intractable vesical hemorrhage secondary to cyclophosphamide administration may benefit from bedside intravesical instillation of prostaglandin F2 alpha. Information in the literature regarding prostaglandin bladder irrigation is scarce, and confined to case reports. Clinical studies are needed to endorse and/or refute the efficacy of intravesical instillation of prostaglandin F2 alpha as a treatment modality for hemorrhagic cystitis.

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Isoniazid-Associated Psychosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809302700205 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 167-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Karen A. Pallone ◽

Morton P. Goldman ◽

Matthew A. Fuller

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

English Language ◽

Case Reports ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Data Sources ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Data Synthesis ◽

Medline Search ◽

Study Selection ◽

Language Literature

Objective To describe a case of isoniazid-associated psychosis and review the incidence of this adverse effect. Data Sources Information about the patient was obtained from the medical chart. A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature published from 1950 to 1992 was conducted and Index Medicus was manually searched for current information. Study Selection All case reports describing isoniazid-associated psychosis were reviewed. Data Extraction Studies were evaluated for the use of isoniazid, symptoms of psychosis, onset of symptoms, and dosage of isoniazid. Data Synthesis The case report is compared with others reported in the literature. The incidence of isoniazid-associated psychosis is rare. Conclusions The mechanism of isoniazid-associated psychosis is uncertain. It appears that isoniazid was associated with the psychosis evident in our patient and in the cases reviewed.

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Insect Repellent (N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide) Cardiovascular Toxicity in an Adult

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809302700305 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 289-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

James R. Clem ◽

David F. Havemann ◽

Marsha A. Raebel

Keyword(s):

Medical Literature ◽

Case Reports ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Personal Contact ◽

Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽

Insect Repellents ◽

Literature Searches ◽

Study Selection ◽

Animal Data

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of N,N-diethyl- m-toluamide (DEET)-induced cardiovascular toxicity in an adult and reviews other cases that have been reported in the published literature. Human and animal data available on DEET pharmacokinetics are reviewed and factors that predispose an individual to DEET toxicity are identified. DATA SOURCES: Case report information was obtained through personal contact with the patient during hospitalization and by telephone, and also from the patient's medical records. Computerized literature searches were conducted with the following systems to obtain medical literature on DEET toxicity: TOXLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and MEDLINE. Index Medicus was searched manually. STUDY SELECTION: All reported cases of DEET toxicity in children and adults were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Case reports were evaluated for the quantity of the DEET exposure (topical or oral), the clinical manifestations of the exposure, and the outcome of the exposure. DATA SYNTHESIS: This case is similar in some aspects to those already in the literature; however, very few cases of DEET toxicity in adults have been reported. Cardiovascular toxicity in humans related to DEET application has not been previously reported in the published medical literature. DEET exposure (topical or oral) results in a highly variable clinical course. Whether the outcome is death or recovery without sequelae is difficult to predict. CONCLUSIONS: Adults, as well as children, are at risk for toxicity from insect repellents. The use of highly concentrated DEET-containing insect repellents should be avoided to reduce the risk of toxicity in both children and adults. The consequences of DEET toxicity are variable and unpredictable.

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Personality, Healthcare Use and Costs—A Systematic Review

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare8030329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

André Hajek ◽

Benedikt Kretzler ◽

Hans-Helmut König

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Future Research ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Healthcare Use ◽

Total N ◽

Study Selection ◽

Cost Studies

Background: Thus far, there is a lack of a systematic review synthesizing empirical studies that analyze the link between personality factors and healthcare use (HCU) or costs. Consequently, the purpose of our systematic review is to give an overview of empirical findings from observational studies examining the association between personality factors and HCU or costs. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, and NHS EED (NHS Economic Evaluation Database) were searched. Observational studies examining the association between personality factors and HCU costs by using validated tools were included. Two reviewers performed study selection and data extraction and evaluated the study quality. Findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results: In total, n = 15 studies (HCU, n = 14; cost studies, n = 1) were included in the final synthesis. A few studies point to an association between conscientiousness and HCU (with mixed evidence). Some more evidence was found for an association between higher agreeableness, higher extraversion, and higher openness to experience and increased HCU. The majority of studies analyzed found a link between higher neuroticism and increased HCU. Conclusion: Personality factors, and particularly neuroticism, are associated with HCU. This knowledge is important to manage healthcare use. However, future research based on longitudinal data and studies investigating the link between personality characteristics and costs are required.

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Emergency Management of Paraphimosis

Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1177/102490790301000408 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 253-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ch Chung

Keyword(s):

Case Reports ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Case Series ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Invasive Treatment ◽

Manual Search ◽

Study Selection ◽

Library Network ◽

Randomised Controlled

Objective To review the treatment modalities available for paraphimosis, with special emphasis on those applicable to the emergency department. Data source Relevant medical literature was searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database. Manual search was performed in books on Urology, General Surgery and Emergency Medicine available in the Hospital Library. Further information was obtained through the Internet at < www.infoseek.com >. References cited in articles were also retrieved. Study selection Key words for the literature, Internet and textbook search were ‘paraphimosis’ and ‘treatment’. All available years of study were reviewed. Data extraction Relevant full text articles were obtained through the hospital library network. Original articles, review papers, medical practice, case reports, and relevant book chapters were reviewed. Data synthesis There were no prospective, randomised, controlled studies available. The majority were case series and expert experience or opinions only. Currently, a multitude of non-invasive and invasive treatment options are available, including manual reduction, help of non-crushing tissue forceps, puncture technique and dorsal slit. Conclusion All treatment methods are within the capability of the emergency physician. Hospitalization should rarely be required, unless there are serious complications.

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Drug-Induced Yawning—A Review

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1345/aph.1q255 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 1297-1301 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Edna Patatanian ◽

Nancy Toedter Williams

Keyword(s):

Case Reports ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Background Information ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Data Synthesis ◽

Search Terms ◽

Dopaminergic Agents ◽

Study Selection ◽

Physiologic Function ◽

Induction Agents

Objective: To review the current literature on drug-induced yawning. Data Sources: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE/PubMed (1996-July 2011), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1997-July 2011), and EMBASE, using the search terms yawning, drug-induced yawning, and adverse drug reactions. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant clinical trials and case reports were selected and included to present background information. Bibliographies of all relevant articles were reviewed for additional citations. Data Synthesis: Yawning is a common stereotype behavior with unknown physiologic function that occurs in most vertebrates and humans as early as 15 weeks of intrauterine life. Yawning Is under the control of several neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, Including dopamine, serotonin, oxytocin, and acetylcholine. Among drugs, antidepressants, opioids, dopaminergic agents, benzodiazepines, and induction agents are the main pharmacologic classes associated with yawning. Conclusions: Yawning is rarely a serious adverse reaction and is not frequently listed in the drug summary. Most available data are based on case reports, small studies, and older literature. Clinicians should be aware of the agents commonly triggering this behavior.

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Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Pregnant Women in India: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Journal of Thyroid Research ◽

10.1155/2021/5515831 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Vikas Yadav ◽

Deepti Dabar ◽

Akhil D. Goel ◽

Mohan Bairwa ◽

Akanksha Sood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Study Selection ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Meta Regression Analysis ◽

Women In India

Introduction. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women in India. Methods. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Shodhganga (Indian thesis repository) for observational studies, providing prevalence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women in India. Systematic study selection and data extraction procedures were followed. Quality assessment of each study was done using JBI critical appraisal checklist. The random effects model was used for pooling the effect sizes. Publication bias was assessed using the funnel plot and rank correlation test. I2 statistics was used to measure heterogeneity across the studies. Heterogeneity in the pooled estimates was further explored with subgroup analyses and meta-regression analysis. Results. Sixty-one studies were found eligible and included in this review. The pooled estimate of the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women was 11.07% (95% CI: 8.79–13.84, I2 = 99%). Pooled prevalence estimates of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism are 9.51% (95% CI: 7.48–12.04, I2 = 98%) and 2.74% (95% CI: 2.08–3.58, I2 = 94%). Conclusion. We documented 11.07% pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women in India.

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Ifosfamide-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809202600207 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 183-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Lisa J. Miller ◽

Virginia E. Eaton

Keyword(s):

Case Reports ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Predictive Capability ◽

Dosage Regimens ◽

Study Selection ◽

Study Population ◽

Pediatric Populations ◽

Small Study Population

OBJECTIVE: To review published abstracts, journal articles, and case reports for evidence of ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity in both adult and pediatric populations. DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed journal articles (October 1985 through August 1990) obtained through a computer literature search, with subsequent bibliography scanning. STUDY SELECTION: We identified 34 reports that specifically addressed neurotoxicity related to ifosfamide therapy. By consensus of the authors, 8 of these reports were excluded due to a small study population, duplication or age of data. DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were assessed by the first author and verified by the second author. Several colleagues also contributed to the analysis. DATA ANALYSIS: Risk factors and mechanisms behind this potentially fatal neurotoxic reaction remain speculative and, in some cases, contradictory. The predictive capability of a published nomogram is restricted by differences in dosage regimens and encephalopathic classifications. Currently, the best prevention against neurotoxicity is little or no use of concurrent medications that have central nervous system effects. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies should address the influence of other nephrotoxic agents (e.g., cisplatin, aminoglycosides) on the incidence of ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity.

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