scholarly journals Personality, Healthcare Use and Costs—A Systematic Review

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
André Hajek ◽  
Benedikt Kretzler ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Total N ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Cost Studies

Background: Thus far, there is a lack of a systematic review synthesizing empirical studies that analyze the link between personality factors and healthcare use (HCU) or costs. Consequently, the purpose of our systematic review is to give an overview of empirical findings from observational studies examining the association between personality factors and HCU or costs. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, and NHS EED (NHS Economic Evaluation Database) were searched. Observational studies examining the association between personality factors and HCU costs by using validated tools were included. Two reviewers performed study selection and data extraction and evaluated the study quality. Findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results: In total, n = 15 studies (HCU, n = 14; cost studies, n = 1) were included in the final synthesis. A few studies point to an association between conscientiousness and HCU (with mixed evidence). Some more evidence was found for an association between higher agreeableness, higher extraversion, and higher openness to experience and increased HCU. The majority of studies analyzed found a link between higher neuroticism and increased HCU. Conclusion: Personality factors, and particularly neuroticism, are associated with HCU. This knowledge is important to manage healthcare use. However, future research based on longitudinal data and studies investigating the link between personality characteristics and costs are required.

scholarly journals Personality and the use of cancer screenings. A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244655
Author(s):  
André Hajek ◽  
Benedikt Kretzler ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Total N ◽  
Cancer Screenings ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Registration Number

Background No systematic review exists synthesizing studies examining the association between personality factors and use of cancer screenings. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of empirical findings from observational studies investigating the link between personality factors (in terms of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism and openness to experience) and use of cancer screenings. Methods Medline, PsycInfo and CINAHL were searched using predefined search terms. Observational studies examining the link between personality factors and use of cancer screenings using validated tools were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two reviewers. Results In total, n = 11 studies were included in our systematic review. There is mostly inconclusive evidence regarding the link between agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience and the use of cancer screenings. Clearer evidence was identified for an association between increased extraversion and an increased use of cancer screenings. Moreover, the majority of studies identified a link between increased conscientiousness and an increased use of cancer screenings. Discussion Studies indicate that personality factors, particularly an increased extraversion and increased conscientiousness, are associated with an increased use of cancer screenings. This knowledge may be beneficial to address individuals at risk for underuse. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020176830

scholarly journals Personality, Health Care Use, and Costs: A Study Protocol for a Systematic Review

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
André Hajek ◽  
Benedikt Kretzler ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Recent empirical studies have shown that personality factors are associated with health care use (HCU). However, to date, a systematic review is lacking summarizing evidence regarding the link between personality factors and health care use or costs (i.e., monetarily valued health care use). Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to provide an overview of evidence from observational studies investigating the link between personality characteristics and health care use or costs. Electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, NHS EED) will be searched using predefined search terms. In an additional step, the reference lists of included studies will be searched (manually). No restrictions will be applied regarding the time of publication. Observational studies (both cross-sectional and longitudinal) assessing the link between personality characteristics and health care use/costs across all age categories will be included. Only studies using validated tools to quantify personality characteristics will be included. Among others, studies only focusing on mental HCU or studies only analyzing samples with a specific disorder (e.g., individuals with personality disorders) will be excluded. Mainly, data on methods (study design, measures, and statistical analysis), sample characteristics, and results regarding the link between personality and HCU/costs will be extracted. A quality assessment will be conducted. Two reviewers will perform the study selection, data extraction, and assessment of the study quality. If disagreements occur, they will be resolved through discussion to reach a consensus or by inclusion of a third party. Results will be presented narratively (text and tables). Depending on the number and heterogeneity of the studies included, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Results will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed, scientific journal.

scholarly journals Informal caregiving for adults, loneliness and social isolation: a study protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e044902
Author(s):  
André Hajek ◽  
Benedikt Kretzler ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Informal Caregiving ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional

IntroductionSome empirical studies have identified an association between informal caregiving for adults and loneliness or social isolation. However, there is a lack of a review systematically synthesising empirical studies that have examined these associations. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of evidence from observational studies.Methods and analysisThree electronic databases (Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL) will be searched (presumably in May 2021), and reference lists of included studies will be searched manually. Cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies examining the association between informal caregiving for adults and loneliness or social isolation will be included. Studies focusing on grandchildren care or private care for chronically ill children will be excluded. Data extraction will include information related to study design, definition and measurement of informal caregiving, loneliness and social isolation, sample characteristics, statistical analysis and main results. The quality of the studies will be evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Two reviewers will perform the selection of studies, data extraction and assessment of study quality. Figures and tables will be used to summarise and report results. A narrative summary of the findings will be provided. If data permit, a meta-analysis will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationNo primary data will be collected. Therefore, approval by an ethics committee is not required. We plan to publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020193099.

scholarly journals Levels of Reading Comprehension in Higher Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina de-la-Peña ◽  
María Jesús Luque-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
University Students ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research

Higher education aims for university students to produce knowledge from the critical reflection of scientific texts. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a deep mental representation of written information. The objective of this research was to determine through a systematic review and meta-analysis the proportion of university students who have an optimal performance at each level of reading comprehension. Systematic review of empirical studies has been limited from 2010 to March 2021 using the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and PsycINFO databases. Two reviewers performed data extraction independently. A random-effects model of proportions was used for the meta-analysis and heterogeneity was assessed with I2. To analyze the influence of moderating variables, meta-regression was used and two ways were used to study publication bias. Seven articles were identified with a total sample of the seven of 1,044. The proportion of students at the literal level was 56% (95% CI = 39–72%, I2 = 96.3%), inferential level 33% (95% CI = 19–46%, I2 = 95.2%), critical level 22% (95% CI = 9–35%, I2 = 99.04%), and organizational level 22% (95% CI = 6–37%, I2 = 99.67%). Comparing reading comprehension levels, there is a significant higher proportion of university students who have an optimal level of literal compared to the rest of the reading comprehension levels. The results have to be interpreted with caution but are a guide for future research.

scholarly journals Prevalence Of, and Factors Associated with, Obesity among the Oldest Old. A Study Protocol for a Systematic Review

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
André Hajek ◽  
Benedikt Kretzler ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Manual Search

Some empirical studies have identified the prevalence of, and factors associated with, obesity among the oldest old. However, there is a lack of a systematic review synthesizing the existing evidence. Therefore, the purpose of our upcoming systematic review is to provide an overview of the evidence provided by observational studies. The current paper presents the protocol for this systematic review. We will search four electronic databases (Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library). Furthermore, we will perform a manual search (searching reference lists of included studies). Cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies identifying the prevalence and preferably the factors associated with obesity among the oldest old (80 years and over) will be included. Data extraction will concentrate on study design, assessment of obesity and its associated factors, statistical analysis, sample characteristics, and key findings. We will evaluate the quality of the included studies. Two individuals will perform study selection, data extraction, and evaluation of study quality. We will present the results in figures, summary tables and narrative summaries. If data permits, a meta-analysis will be conducted.

The need for effective digital solutions to enhance adherence to oral anti-cancer medicines in adults: a systematic review of reviews (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Ha Dang ◽  
Abdur Rahim Mohammad Forkan ◽  
Nilmini Wickramasinghe ◽  
Prem Prakash Jayaraman ◽  
Marliese Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Adherence Interventions

BACKGROUND Adherence to anti-cancer medicines is critical for the success of cancer treatments, however, non-adherence is still challenging while evidence of adherence interventions in cancer is limited. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence of available reviews of interventions to improve adherence to oral anti-cancer medicines in adult cancer survivors. METHODS A comprehensive search was undertaken on seven electronic databases and three oncology journals. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection, quality assessment using AMSTAR 2, and data extraction of selected reviews. The PRISMA-2020 checklist was adapted to report results. RESULTS Twenty-eight reviews were included for a narrative synthesis. The overall quality of systematic reviews was low. Four main adherence-promoting strategies were education, reminder, behaviour and monitoring, and multi-component. Digital technology-based interventions were reported in most reviews (n=26). Few interventions applied theories (n=10), design frameworks (n=2), or engaged stakeholders (n=1) in the development processes. The effectiveness of interventions was inconsistent between and within reviews. However, interventions using multiple adherence-promoting strategies were more likely to be effective than single-strategy interventions (11 reviews). Unidirectional communication (7 reviews) and technology alone (11 reviews) were not sufficient to demonstrate improvement in adherence outcomes. Nurses and pharmacists play a critical role in promoting patients’ adherence to oral cancer therapies, especially with the support of digital technologies (6 reviews). CONCLUSIONS Multi-component interventions are potentially effective in promoting patients’ adherence to oral-anti cancer medicines. The seamless integration of digital solutions with direct clinical contacts is likely to be effective in promoting adherence. It is important for future research in developing comprehensive digital adherence interventions to be evidence-based, theory-based, and rigorously evaluated.

scholarly journals Determinants of Frequent Attendance in Primary Care. Study Protocol for a Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3710
Author(s):  
André Hajek ◽  
Benedikt Kretzler ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Frequent Attendance ◽  
Longitudinal Observational Studies

Thus far, no study has systematically synthesized longitudinal studies investigating the determinants of frequent attendance in primary care. Consequently, the purpose of our systematic review is to give an overview of evidence based on longitudinal observational studies analyzing the determinants of frequent attendance. Three electronic databases (Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL) will be searched. Moreover, the reference lists of studies included in our systematic review will be searched manually. Longitudinal observational studies examining the determinants of frequent attendance in primary care will be included. Disease-specific samples will be excluded. Data extraction focuses on methods (e.g., measurement of frequent attendance, statistical analysis), characteristics of the sample and key results. Furthermore, the quality of the studies included will be examined using an appropriate tool. Two reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. A meta-analysis will be conducted (if possible).

scholarly journals Value creation in mobile social media: a systematic review and agenda for future research

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingting Ju ◽  
Raquel Chocarro ◽  
Oscar Martín Martín
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Core Components ◽  
State Of Research

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a systematic review of the current state of research regarding mobile social media use for value creation by firms and customers and an agenda for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a systematic review following three main steps: keyword search, study selection and data extraction. A total of 53 articles were identified using academic databases and manual cross-referencing. By means of a thematic analysis method, the study addresses issues related to theory, methods, context, findings and gaps.FindingsThe study reviews and illustrates 14 value aspects of the mobile social media and value creation literature. The findings indicate that mobile social media are effective tools for firms to create and capture value from customers and for customers to co-create value.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the marketing and social media literature by proposing a conceptual framework that integrates the core components of value creation by firms and customers in the mobile social media context and by proposing an agenda for future research.

scholarly journals Determinants of healthcare use based on the Andersen model: a study protocol for a systematic review of longitudinal studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e044435
Author(s):  
André Hajek ◽  
Benedikt Kretzler ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Andersen Model ◽  
Longitudinal Observational Studies

IntroductionA previous systematic review published in 2012 focused on the use of health services based on the Andersen model. Extending this review, we will exclusively focus on systematically synthesising longitudinal studies examining the determinants of healthcare use based on the Andersen model. Therefore, our aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of longitudinal observational studies investigating the predictors of healthcare use explicitly using this model.Methods and analysisWe will search three electronic databases (Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL). Furthermore, reference lists will be searched manually. Longitudinal observational studies will be investigating the determinants of healthcare use (in terms of use of outpatient physician services (like general practitioner’s visits or specialist visits in total) and hospitalisation). We will exclude disease-specific samples. Data extraction will focus on methods (eg, assessment of healthcare use), sample characteristics and main findings. A suitable tool will be used to assess the study quality. Study selection, data extraction and evaluation of study quality will be conducted by two reviewers. The findings will be presented by means of figures, summary tables, narrative summaries and meta-analysis (if possible).Ethics and disseminationNo primary data will be collected. Therefore, approval by an ethics committee is not required. Our findings are planned to be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020193198.

Impact of surgery timing for craniosynostosis on neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Mandela ◽  
Maggie Bellew ◽  
Paul Chumas ◽  
Hannah Nash
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Surgery Timing ◽  
Anesthetic Exposure

OBJECTIVEThere are currently no guidelines for the optimum age for surgical treatment of craniosynostosis. This systematic review summarizes and assesses evidence on whether there is an optimal age for surgery in terms of neurodevelopmental outcomes.METHODSThe databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase + Embase Classic, and Web of Science were searched between October and November 2016 and searches were repeated in July 2017. According to PICO (participants, intervention, comparison, outcome) criteria, studies were included that focused on: children diagnosed with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, aged ≤ 5 years at time of surgery; corrective surgery for nonsyndromic craniosynostosis; comparison of age-at-surgery groups; and tests of cognitive and neurodevelopmental postoperative outcomes. Studies that did not compare age-at-surgery groups (e.g., those employing a correlational design alone) were excluded. Data were double-extracted by 2 authors using a modified version of the Cochrane data extraction form.RESULTSTen studies met the specified criteria; 5 found a beneficial effect of earlier surgery, and 5 did not. No study found a beneficial effect of later surgery. No study collected data on length of anesthetic exposure and only 1 study collected data on sociodemographic factors.CONCLUSIONSIt was difficult to draw firm conclusions from the results due to multiple confounding factors. There is some inconclusive evidence that earlier surgery is beneficial for patients with sagittal synostosis. The picture is even more mixed for other subtypes. There is no evidence that later surgery is beneficial. The authors recommend that future research use agreed-upon parameters for: age-at-surgery cut-offs, follow-up times, and outcome measures.

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