scholarly journals Head-to-Head Accuracy Comparison of Three Commercial COVID-19 IgM/IgG Serology Rapid Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego O. Andrey ◽  
Patrick Cohen ◽  
Benjamin Meyer ◽  
Giulia Torriani ◽  
Sabine Yerly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Accuracy Comparison ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Control Study

Background: Comparative data of SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG serology rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is scarce. We thus performed a head-to-head comparison of three RDTs. Methods: In this unmatched case-control study, blood samples from 41 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 50 negative controls were studied. The diagnostic accuracy of three commercially available COVID-19 RDTs: NTBIO (RDT-A), Orient-Gene (RDT-B), and MEDsan (RDT-C), against both a recombinant spike-expressing immunofluorescence assay (rIFA) and Euroimmun IgG ELISA, was assessed. RDT results concordant with the reference methods, and between whole blood and plasma, were established by the Kendall coefficient. Results: COVID-19 cases’ median time from RT-PCR to serology was 22 days (interquartile range (IQR) 13–31 days). Whole-blood IgG detection with RDT-A, -B, and -C showed 0.93, 0.83, and 0.98 concordance with rIFA. Against rIFA, RDT-A sensitivity (SN) was 92% (95% CI: 78–98) and specificity (SP) 100% (95% CI: 91–100), RDT-B showed 87% SN (95% CI: 72–95) and 98% SP (95% CI: 88–100), and RDT-C 100% SN (95% CI: 88–100) and 98% SP (95% CI: 88–100). Against ELISA, SN and SP were above 90% for all three RDTs. Conclusions: RDT-A and RDT-C displayed IgG detection SN and SP above 90% in whole blood. These RDTs could be considered in the absence of routine diagnostic serology facilities.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S among individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Cerqueira-Silva ◽  
Jason R Andrews ◽  
Viviane S Boaventura ◽  
Otavio T Ranzani ◽  
Vinicius de Araujo Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Series Completion ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Dose Vaccine

Background. COVID-19 vaccines have proven highly effective among SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals, but their effectiveness in preventing symptomatic infection and severe outcomes among individuals with prior infection is less clear. Methods. Utilizing national COVID-19 notification, hospitalization, and vaccination datasets from Brazil, we performed a case-control study using a test-negative design to assess the effectiveness of four vaccines (CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, Ad26.COV2.S and BNT162b2) among individuals with laboratory-confirmed prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. We matched RT-PCR positive, symptomatic COVID-19 cases with RT-PCR-negative controls presenting with symptomatic illnesses, restricting both groups to tests performed at least 90 days after an initial infection. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression to compare the odds of test positivity, and the odds of hospitalization or death due to COVID-19, according to vaccination status and time since first or second dose of vaccines. Findings. Among individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection ≥ 14 days from vaccine series completion was 39.4% (95% CI 36.1-42.6) for CoronaVac, 56.0% (95% CI 51.4-60.2) for ChAdOx1, 44.0% (95% CI 31.5-54.2) for Ad26.COV2.S, and 64.8% (95% CI 54.9-72.4) for BNT162b2. For the two-dose vaccine series (CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, and BNT162b2), effectiveness against symptomatic infection was significantly greater after the second dose compared with the first dose. Effectiveness against hospitalization or death ≥ 14 days from vaccine series completion was 81.3% (95% CI 75.3-85.8) for CoronaVac, 89.9% (95% CI 83.5-93.8) for ChAdOx1, 57.7% (95% CI -2.6-82.5) for Ad26.COV2.S, and 89.7% (95% CI 54.3-97.7) for BNT162b2.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of CoronaVac in the setting of high SARS-CoV-2 P.1 variant transmission in Brazil: A test-negative case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Hitchings ◽  
Otavio T. Ranzani ◽  
Mario S.S. Torres ◽  
Silvano Barbosa de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Almiron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Negative Case ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Control Study

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant P.1 emerged in the city of Manaus in late 2020 during a large resurgence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and has spread throughout Brazil. The effectiveness of vaccines in settings with widespread P.1 transmission has not been reported. Methods We performed a matched test-negative case-control study to estimate the effectiveness of an inactivated vaccine, CoronaVac, in healthcare workers (HCWs) in Manaus, where P.1 accounted for 75% of genotyped SARS-CoV-2 samples at the peak of its epidemic. Information from electronic surveillance databases was used to select cases of RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and matched test-negative controls from 19 January, 2021 to 25 March, 2021. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the effectiveness in reducing the odds of primary and secondary outcomes of, respectively, symptomatic and any SARS-CoV-2 infection. Findings Among 53,176 HCWs, 46,884 (88%) received at least one dose of CoronaVac and 2,656 (5%) underwent RT-PCR testing from 19 January, 2021 to 25 March, 2021. Of 2,797 RT-PCR tests, 776 (28%) were positive. 393 and 135 case-control pairs with and without, respectively, symptomatic illness were selected for the matched analyses. Vaccination with at least one dose was associated with a 0.50-fold reduction (adjusted vaccine effectiveness, 49.6%; 95% CI, 11.3 - 71.4) in the odds of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the period 14 days or more after receiving the first dose. Estimated vaccine effectiveness of at least one dose against any SARS-CoV-2 infection was 35.1% (95% CI, -6.6 - 60.5) in the same time period. Interpretation Administration of at least one dose of CoronaVac showed effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the setting of epidemic P.1 transmission, underscoring the need to increase vaccination efforts in response to the spread of this variant in Brazil and globally. Funding Pan American Health Organization; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz); Municipal Health Secretary of Manaus

scholarly journals Case-Control Study of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Compared to Test-Negative Controls or Hospital Controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Araki ◽  
Megumi Hara ◽  
Chisato Shimanoe ◽  
Yuichiro Nishida ◽  
Muneaki Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Case-control study of an outbreak of acute toxoplasmosis in an industrial plant in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Cesar Jaguaribe Ekman ◽  
Maria Fernanda do Valle Chiossi ◽  
Luciana Regina Meireles ◽  
Heitor Franco de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Walter Manso Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Acute Disease ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Control Study

Foodborne diseases represent operational risks in industrial restaurants. We described an outbreak of nine clustered cases of acute illness resembling acute toxoplasmosis in an industrial plant with 2300 employees. These patients and another 36 similar asymptomatic employees were diagnosed with anti-T. gondii IgG titer and avidity by ELISA. We excluded 14 patients based on high IgG avidity and chronic toxoplasmosis: 13 from controls and one from acute disease other than T. gondii infection. We also identified another three asymptomatic employees with T.gondii acute infection and also anti-T. gondii IgM positive as remaining acute cases. Case control study was conducted by interview in 11 acute infections and 20 negative controls. The ingestion of green vegetables, but not meat or water, was observed to be associated with the incidence of acute disease. These data reinforce the importance of sanitation control in industrial restaurants and also demonstrate the need for improvement in quality control regarding vegetables at risk for T. gondii oocyst contamination. We emphasized the accurate diagnosis of indexed cases and the detection of asymptomatic infections to determine the extent of the toxoplasmosis outbreak.

scholarly journals RNA sequencing shows transcriptomic changes in rectosigmoid mucosa in patients with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea: a pilot case-control study

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (12) ◽  
pp. G1089-G1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Camilleri ◽  
Paula Carlson ◽  
Andres Acosta ◽  
Irene Busciglio ◽  
Asha A. Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Pdz Domain ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Control Study

Our aim was to conduct a pilot case-control study of RNA expression profile using RNA sequencing of rectosigmoid mucosa of nine females with -diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) with accelerated colonic transit and nine female healthy controls. Mucosal total RNA was isolated and purified, and next-generation pair-end sequencing was performed using Illumina TruSeq. Analysis was carried out using a targeted approach toward 12 genes previously associated with IBS and a hypothesis-generating approach. Of the 12 targeted genes tested, patients with IBS-D had decreased mRNA expression of TNFSF15 (fold change controls to IBS-D: 1.53, P = 0.01). Overall, up- and downregulated mRNA expressions of 21 genes ( P = 10−5 to 10−8; P values with false detection rates are shown) were potentially relevant to IBS-D including the following: neurotransmitters [ P2RY4 ( P = 0.001), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP, P = 0.02)]; cytokines [ CCL20 ( P = 0.019)]; immune function [ C4BPA complement cascade ( P = 0.0187)]; interferon-related [ IFIT3 ( P = 0.016)]; mucosal repair and cell adhesion [trefoil protein ( TFF1, P = 0.012)], retinol binding protein [ RBP2 ( P = 0.017)]; fibronectin ( FN1, P = 0.009); and ion channel functions [guanylate cyclase ( GUCA2B, P = 0.017), PDZ domain-containing protein 3 ( PDZD3, P = 0.029)]. Ten genes associated with functions related to pathobiology of IBS-D were validated by RT-PCR. There was significant correlation in fold changes of the selected genes ( Rs = 0.73, P = 0.013). Up- or downregulation of P2RY4, GUC2AB, RBP2, FNI, and C4BPA genes were confirmed on RT-PCR, which also revealed upregulation of farnesoid X receptor ( FXR) and apical sodium-coupled bile acid transporter ( IBAT/ASBT). RNA-Seq and RT-PCR analysis of rectosigmoid mucosa in IBS-D show transcriptome changes that provide the rationale for validation studies to explore the role of mucosal factors in the pathobiology of IBS-D.

scholarly journals Conversation about Serostatus decreases risk of acquiring HIV: results from a case control study comparing MSM with recent HIV infection and HIV negative controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Santos-Hövener ◽  
Ruth Zimmermann ◽  
Claudia Kücherer ◽  
Jörg Bätzing-Feigenbaum ◽  
Stephan Wildner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Negative
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