Effect of Periodontal Disease on Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Both periodontal disease and diabetes are common chronic inflammatory diseases. One of the major problems with type 2 diabetes is that unregulated blood glucose levels damage the vascular endothelium and cause complications. A bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and diabetic complications has been reported previously. However, whether periodontal disease affects the presence of diabetic complications has not been clarified. Therefore, we examined the effect of the periodontal disease status on diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Periodontal doctors examined the periodontal disease status of 104 type 2 diabetic patients who visited a private diabetes medical clinic once a month between 2016 and 2018. The subject’s diabetic status was obtained from their medical records. Bayesian network analysis showed that bleeding on probing directly influenced the presence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients. In addition, bleeding on probing was higher in the diabetic retinopathy group (n = 36) than in the group without diabetic retinopathy (n = 68, p = 0.006, Welch’s t-test). Bleeding on probing represents gingival inflammation, which might affect the presence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients who regularly visit diabetic clinics.

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Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and its Association with Diabetic Retinopathy

10.53350/pjmhs2115113269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 3269-3272

Author(s):

Darikta Dargahi Shaikh ◽

Tehmina Imdad ◽

Safdar Ali ◽

Fayaz Ali Kalhoro ◽

Sajida Parveen Shaikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease in type 2 diabetic patients and its correlation with retinopathy Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Chandka Medical College & Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021. Consecutive 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who attended outpatient department were included as per inclusion-exclusion criteria. Results: The patients were mostly female (58%) with a female-to-male ratio of 1.38:1. Most patients (43%) were under 50, followed by 51–60. (34 %). The overall mean age was 54.26 10.06. More than half (63%) of patients had diabetes for up to 5 years. The patients had a 42 percent frequency of DES. Mild, moderate, and severe dry eye were diagnosed in 21%, 16%, and 5% of individuals. Longevity and poor diabetes control exacerbated the disease. Conclusions: Type 2 DM patients' age, but not their gender, was found to be a significant predictor of DES. Dry eye was found to be more common among diabetics with poor control of their condition. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the age, but not the gender, was substantially linked to DES. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Dry eye disease, Diabetic retinopathy, Meibomian gland dysfunction.

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Diabetic retinopathy as an independent predictor of subclinical cardiovascular disease: baseline results of the PRECISED study

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000845 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000845 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rafael Simó ◽

Jordi Bañeras ◽

Cristina Hernández ◽

José Rodríguez-Palomares ◽

Filipa Valente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetic ◽

Subclinical Cvd

ObjectiveDetection of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) has significant impact on the management of type 2 diabetes. We examined whether the assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is useful for identifying patients at a higher risk of having silent CVD.Research design and methodsProspective case–control study comprising 200 type 2 diabetic subjects without history of clinical CVD and 60 age-matched non-diabetic subjects. The presence of subclinical CVD was examined using two parameters: (1) calcium coronary score (CACs); (2) composite of CACs >400 UA, carotid plaque ≥3 mm, carotid intima–media thickness ratio >1, or the presence of ECG changes suggestive of previous asymptomatic myocardial infarction. In addition, coronary angio-CT was performed. DR was assessed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and retinography.ResultsType 2 diabetic subjects presented higher CACs than non-diabetic control subjects (p<0.01). Age, male gender, and the presence of DR were independently related to CACs >400 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.76). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between the degree of DR and CACs <10 AU. The variables independently associated with the composite measurement of subclinical CVD were age, diabetes duration, the glomerular filtration rate, microalbuminuria, and the presence of DR (AUROC 0.71). In addition, a relationship (p<0.01) was observed between the presence and degree of DR and coronary stenosis.ConclusionsThe presence and degree of DR is independently associated with subclinical CVD in type 2 diabetic patients. Our results lead us to propose a rationalized screening for coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes based on prioritizing patients with DR, particularly those with moderate–severe degree.

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Serum Interleukin-18 Levels are Not Increased in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-134807/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xuejiao Li ◽

Shuo Zhang ◽

Chang Liu ◽

Zhuoshi Wang ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Interleukin 18 ◽

Normal Range ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background: To investigate the effects of interleukin 18 (IL-18) on diabetic retinopathy (DR) of type 2 diabetic patients, the contents of IL-18 were measured in serum of 206 case subjects with type 2 diabetes and 40 case subjects without diabetes as control. Methods: According to the degree of DR, the diabetic patients were further divided into three groups: non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR, n=69), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, n = 52) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, n=85). Results: Unlike previous reports, we didn’t found a significant increase in serum IL-18 level in diabetic patients (mean ± SD are 107.4±36.6 and 112.5±32.0 pg/ml for control and type 2 diabetes patients respectively, p > 0.05). Further analysis also failed to found any significant increase of serum IL-18 in patients with NDR, NPDR or PDR (113.0±32.1, 110.8±31.4 and 114.5±33.4 pg/ml respectively) when compared with control (for all values, p > 0.05). Real-time qPCR suggests that the expression of IL-18 mRNA in type 2 diabetic patients with DR was comparable to that of controls (p>0.05). Interestingly, there was a significant positive correlation between levels of serum IL -18 and the amount of fasting blood glucose (FBG, r=0.15，p=0.03) and that Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was relatively higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (p<0.05). These results suggest that the levels of serum IL -18 in diabetic patients are within the normal range. Even in patients with diabetic retinopathy, the levels of serum IL -18 were only slightly increased in type 2 diabetic patients and was not statistically different from control subjects.Conclusion: these data suggest that the serum IL -18 levels are not associated with the severity of type 2 diabetic patients.

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BODY MASS INDEX AND IT’S ASSOCIATION WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DM

10.36106/ijsr/3604886 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 56-58

Author(s):

Mukesh kumar samota ◽

Mamta bijarnia

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Group 2 ◽

Type 2 Diabetic ◽

Group 1

1.BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are global public health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide1-3. It is a risk factor for many metabolic and cardiovascular diseases including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia etc4. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the common micro vascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of acquired blindness in adults. The aim of this study is nd relationship between different BMI classes and DR development in type 2 diabetic patients. 2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:To determine the association of BMI and diabetic retinopathy and risk factors for DR 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 206 type 2 diabetes patients from medicine ward of Swai man singh hospital and college Jaipur [Rajasthan]. The subjects were classied into one of the three categories according to the BMI. (1).Normal BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; (2).Overweight BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2.(3).Obese BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting. Glycated haemoglobin value (HbA1c), total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Complete eye examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp microscopy, and fundus examination with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and plus 20D lens after mydriasis with topically administrated 1% tropicamide and 5% phenylephrine eye drops was done. According to the DR status, patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (no retinopathy; N= 168), group 2 diabetic retinopathy; N= 38) RESULT: Duration of type 2 diabetes was found longer with group 2 (9.6±4.5 years) as compare with group 1 (16.82±7.21 years). Association of body mass index (BMI) of type 2 diabetic patients (n =206) with diabetic retinopathy, no correlation was found with mean BMI in group 1 (25.48 ± 2.4) and group 2 (27.21± 2.0)( P value <0.1). In our study were found signicant correlation of HbA1c with DR (p value <.01). Mean value of HbA1c was higher in group 2 (8.41±.6) as compare with group 1 (7.01±.8). We found a signicant increase in total cholesterol (P <.01), triglycerides (P< 0.05) with the diabetic retinopathy

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HOSPITAL BASED STUDY TO DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i3.1197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Archana Kumari ◽

Sony Sinha

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Aim: to analyze the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: present observational study was undertaken in the Department of Ophthalmology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India for the period of one year. Total 100 patients of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were included and detailed history was obtained. Results: Out of 100 diabetic patients 21 (21%) of them had diabetic retinopathy. Out of 21 diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy 61.9% were male. The mean age reported was 58.16±4.81. Conclusion: This study highlights the prevalence and the demographic characteristics of diabetic retinopathy among diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care hospital of Bihar. Since, no such study has been done before in this region. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Retinopathy, Bihar

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Association between Related Purine Metabolites and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/651050 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jianfei Xia ◽

Zonghua Wang ◽

Feifei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Purine Metabolites ◽

The Relationship ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Aims. The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences of adenosine, adenine, inosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy and assess the relationship between purine metabolites and disease.Materials and Methods. The study group consisted of 114 subjects which were divided into three groups: control (n=40), type 2 diabetes without retinopathy (n=35), and type 2 diabetes with retinopathy (n=39). Levels of metabolites were measured in plasma of all participants.Results. There is a significant increase of levels of adenosine (0.94±0.17 mg/L versus0.17±0.01 mg/L,P<0.001), inosine (0.297±0.078 mg/L versus0.086±0.010 mg/L,P<0.001), xanthine (1.01±0.21 mg/L versus0.54±0.05 mg/L,P=0.009), and uric acid (70.55±3.97 mg/L versus53.81±2.36 mg/L,P<0.001) with diabetic retinopathy compared to diabetes mellitus. The levels of adenine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine oxidase did not change. Uric acid, xanthine, inosine, and adenosine correlated positively with systolic blood pressure and urea nitrogen.Conclusions. The levels of adenosine, inosine, uric acid, and xanthine may be useful for monitoring the progression of diabetic retinopathy and evaluating the treatment.

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