Molecular Characterization of HOXA2 and HOXA3 Binding Properties

The highly conserved HOX homeodomain (HD) transcription factors (TFs) establish the identity of different body parts along the antero–posterior axis of bilaterian animals. Segment diversification and the morphogenesis of different structures is achieved by generating precise patterns of HOX expression along the antero–posterior axis and by the ability of different HOX TFs to instruct unique and specific transcriptional programs. However, HOX binding properties in vitro, characterised by the recognition of similar AT-rich binding sequences, do not account for the ability of different HOX to instruct segment-specific transcriptional programs. To address this problem, we previously compared HOXA2 and HOXA3 binding in vivo. Here, we explore if sequence motif enrichments observed in vivo are explained by binding affinities in vitro. Unexpectedly, we found that the highest enriched motif in HOXA2 peaks was not recognised by HOXA2 in vitro, highlighting the importance of investigating HOX binding in its physiological context. We also report the ability of HOXA2 and HOXA3 to heterodimerise, which may have functional consequences for the HOX patterning function in vivo.

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Molecular characterization of the grape seeds extract’s effect against chemically induced liver cancer: In vivo and in vitro analyses

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-19492-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Alaaeldin Ahmed Hamza ◽

Gehan Hussein Heeba ◽

Hanan Mohamed Elwy ◽

Chandraprabha Murali ◽

Raafat El-Awady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cancer ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Grape Seeds ◽

Chemically Induced

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The in vivo impact of MsLAC1, a Miscanthus laccase isoform, on lignification and lignin composition contrasts with its in vitro substrate preference

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-019-2174-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Feng He ◽

Katja Machemer-Noonan ◽

Philippe Golfier ◽

Faride Unda ◽

Johanna Dechert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Lignin Biosynthesis ◽

Lignin Composition ◽

Xylem Fibers ◽

Breeding Target

Abstract Background Understanding lignin biosynthesis and composition is of central importance for sustainable bioenergy and biomaterials production. Species of the genus Miscanthus have emerged as promising bioenergy crop due to their rapid growth and modest nutrient requirements. However, lignin polymerization in Miscanthus is poorly understood. It was previously shown that plant laccases are phenol oxidases that have multiple functions in plant, one of which is the polymerization of monolignols. Herein, we link a newly discovered Miscanthus laccase, MsLAC1, to cell wall lignification. Characterization of recombinant MsLAC1 and Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing MsLAC1 were carried out to understand the function of MsLAC1 both in vitro and in vivo. Results Using a comprehensive suite of molecular, biochemical and histochemical analyses, we show that MsLAC1 localizes to cell walls and identify Miscanthus transcription factors capable of regulating MsLAC1 expression. In addition, MsLAC1 complements the Arabidopsis lac4–2 lac17 mutant and recombinant MsLAC1 is able to oxidize monolignol in vitro. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing MsLAC1 show higher G-lignin content, although recombinant MsLAC1 seemed to prefer sinapyl alcohol as substrate. Conclusions In summary, our results suggest that MsLAC1 is regulated by secondary cell wall MYB transcription factors and is involved in lignification of xylem fibers. This report identifies MsLAC1 as a promising breeding target in Miscanthus for biofuel and biomaterial applications.

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Molecular characterization of three newly recognized rat parvoviruses

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/0022-1317-83-8-2075 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 83 (8) ◽

pp. 2075-2083 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Cho-Hua Wan ◽

Maria Söderlund-Venermo ◽

David J. Pintel ◽

Lela K. Riley

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Minute Virus ◽

Genomic Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Kilham Rat Virus

Rodent parvoviruses have been documented to interfere with both in vivo and in vitro research. In this study, three rat parvoviruses distinct from previously characterized rodent parvoviruses were identified from naturally infected rats obtained from four discrete sources. These three newly recognized parvoviruses were designated rat minute virus (RMV)-1a, -1b and -1c. In this study, the genomic nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequences of proteins for each of the three RMV-1 variants and Kilham rat virus (KRV) were determined and compared with previously characterized rodent parvoviruses. The three RMV-1 variants were shown to be closely related to each other, to be distinct from but closely related to KRV and H-1 virus, and to be significantly different from the previously identified rat parvovirus isolate, RPV-1a.

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Molecular characterization of autophagic and apoptotic signaling induced by Sorafenib in liver cancer cells: In vitro and in vivo studies

Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/s0168-8278(18)31599-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. S670-S671 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.Á. Rodríguez-Hernández ◽

R. González ◽

Á.J. De la Rosa ◽

P. Gallego ◽

L. Contreras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Apoptotic Signaling ◽

Liver Cancer Cells

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Molecular characterization of a cloned human oxytocin receptor

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1310385 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 131 (4) ◽

pp. 385-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Tadashi Kimura ◽

Yoko Makino ◽

Fumitaka Saji ◽

Masahiko Takemura ◽

Tomoko Inoue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Functional Properties ◽

Expression System ◽

Oxytocin Receptor ◽

Binding Properties ◽

Transfected Cells ◽

Electrophysiological Method ◽

Vasopressin Receptors

Kimura T, Makino Y, Saji F, Takemura M, Inoue T, Kikuchi T, Kubota Y, Azuma C, Nobunaga T, Tokugawa Y, Tanizawa O. Molecular characterization of a cloned human oxytocin receptor. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:385–90. ISSN 0804–4643 We describe here the binding and functional properties of a cloned human oxytocin receptor (OTR). We established a transient OTR expression system on COS-1 cells, which do not express vasopressin receptors. With the transfected cells and [3H]oxytocin, the dissociation constant (Kd) of OTR to oxytocin was 6.0 ±1.1 nmol/l; the binding properties of several oxytocin-related peptides were also examined. The functional properties of OTR were determined by an electrophysiological method, using a Xenopus laevis oocyte injected with in vitro transcribed OTR mRNA. These two methods showed that [Phe2,Orn8]vasotocin, a vasopressin agonist, was an OTR antagonist. A combination of these methods using cloned OTR cDNA is a novel and effective method for the investigation of oxytocin-related ligands. Tadashi Kimura, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka 565, Japan

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Murine Noroviruses Comprising a Single Genogroup Exhibit Biological Diversity despite Limited Sequence Divergence

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00783-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 81 (19) ◽

pp. 10460-10473 ◽

Cited By ~ 182

Author(s):

Larissa B. Thackray ◽

Christiane E. Wobus ◽

Karen A. Chachu ◽

Bo Liu ◽

Eric R. Alegre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Diversity ◽

Sequence Divergence ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Murine Norovirus ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Functional Consequences

ABSTRACT Viruses within the genus Norovirus of the family Caliciviridae are the major cause of acute, nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Human noroviruses are genetically diverse, with up to 57% divergence in capsid protein sequences, and comprise three genogroups. The significance of such genetic diversity is not yet understood. The discovery of murine norovirus (MNV) and its ability to productively infect cultured murine macrophages and dendritic cells has provided an opportunity to determine the functional consequences of norovirus diversity in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we compared the full-length genomes of 21 new MNV isolates with five previously sequenced MNV genomes and demonstrated a conserved genomic organization consisting of four open reading frames (ORFs) and a previously unknown region of nucleotide conservation in ORF2. A phylogenetic analysis of all 26 MNV genomes revealed 15 distinct MNV strains, with up to 13% divergence at the nucleotide level, that comprise a single genotype and genogroup. Evidence for recombination within ORF2 in several MNV genomes was detected by multiple methods. Serological analyses comparing neutralizing antibody responses between highly divergent strains suggested that the MNV genogroup comprises a single serotype. Within this single genogroup, MNV strains exhibited considerable biological diversity in their ability to grow in culture and to infect and/or persist in wild-type mice. The isolation and characterization of multiple MNV strains illustrate how genetic analysis may underestimate the biological diversity of noroviruses and provide a molecular map for future studies of MNV biology.

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T-Cell Unresponsiveness in vivo and in vitro: Fine Specificity of Induction and Molecular Characterization of the Unresponsive State

Immunological Reviews ◽

10.1111/j.1600-065x.1987.tb00502.x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 113-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 125

Author(s):

MarcK. Jenkins ◽

DrewM. Pardoll ◽

Junichiro Mizuguchi ◽

Helen Quill ◽

RonaldH. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Fine Specificity

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MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL RAT PARVOVIRUS IN TAIWAN

Taiwan Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1142/s1682648514500024 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (01) ◽

pp. 11-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yi-Chun Liao ◽

Ming-Hseng Wang ◽

Cho-Hua Wan

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Infectious Agents ◽

Sequence Comparisons ◽

Laboratory Rats ◽

Laboratory Rodents ◽

Reading Frames

Rodent parvoviruses are among the most prevalent infectious agents in laboratory rodents and have been shown to interfere with in vivo and in vitro research. A newly recognized rat parvovirus (RPV) that is distinct from the prototypic RPV was recently identified in naturally infected laboratory rats in Taiwan. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons showed that this newly identified variant of RPV is most closely related to rat parvovirus type 1a (RPV-1a) and type 1b (RPV-1b) and is distinctly different from type UT (RPV/UT) and other rodent parvoviruses. This variant was designated rat parvovirus type National Taiwan University 1 (RPV-NTU1). Phylogenetic and sequence analyses revealed that RPV-NTU1 contains conserved open reading frames with an overall genome organization similar to known RPV-1. RPV-NTU1 is the second RPV-1 variant whose full-length molecular characterization has been performed.

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