scholarly journals Design of Neutron Microscopes Equipped with Wolter Mirror Condenser and Objective Optics for High-Fidelity Imaging and Beam Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abir ◽  
Daniel S. Hussey ◽  
Boris Khaykovich
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Signal Rate ◽  
Pinhole Imaging ◽  
Standard Neutron ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Very High ◽  
Better Than

We present and compare the designs of three types of neutron microscopes for high-resolution neutron imaging. Like optical microscopes, and unlike standard neutron imaging instruments, these microscopes have both condenser and image-forming objective optics. The optics are glancing-incidence axisymmetric mirrors and therefore suitable for polychromatic neutron beams. The mirrors are designed to provide a magnification of 10 to achieve a spatial resolution of better than 10 μm. The resolution of the microscopes is determined by the mirrors rather than by the L/Dratio as in conventional pinhole imaging, leading to possible dramatic improvements in the signal rate. We predict the increase in the signal rate by at least two orders of magnitude for very high-resolution imaging, which is always flux limited. Furthermore, in contrast to pinhole imaging, in the microscope, the samples are placed far from the detector to allow for a bulky sample environment without sacrificing spatial resolution.

scholarly journals High Resolution Imaging Forty Years Ago

1994 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
R. C. Jennison
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Optical Telescopes ◽  
Very High ◽  
Better Than

This conference is concerned with the very high resolution imaging of cosmic sources in many parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Various techniques are now available and the equipment is often automated and highly sophisticated but the term ‘very high angular resolution’ is comparative. Many of the problems existed over forty years ago when the best resolving power was about half a degree and the two major radio ‘stars’ appeared to be point sources. Very high resolution imaging in those days was the struggle to reach one minute of arc and Hanbury Brown had set his sights on considerably better than one second of arc with the concept of the intensity interferometer. The dream was to achieve a resolving power comparable to that of optical telescopes.

Neutron imaging with bent perfect crystals. I. Imaging conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Stoica ◽  
M. Popovici ◽  
C. R. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Matrix Formalism ◽  
Neutron Optics ◽  
Bent Crystals ◽  
Time Of Flight Method ◽  
Imaging Conditions ◽  
Lens Optics

Neutron imaging with bent crystals is considered in the linear approximation of neutron optics. A matrix formalism analogous to that of conventional lens optics is developed. Various imaging conditions are discussed in relation to the crystal deformation type and to possible applications in neutron scattering. All focusing conditions known previously are included as particular cases. Arrangements combining high resolution in imaging with high resolution in scattering are examined. The concept of Bragg mirrors as devices for non-dispersive imaging is introduced. The most powerful application appears to be that of Bragg mirrors combined with the time-of-flight method. Imaging with a thick packet of silicon wafers at the spatial resolution of a single thin wafer is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Joint Commission Meeting on High Resolution Imaging from the Ground

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 545-546
Author(s):  
John Davis
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Optical Wavelengths ◽  
To Come ◽  
Very High

As a result of advances in instrumentation and techniques, from radio through to optical wavelengths, we have before us the prospect of producing very high resolution images of a wide range of objects across this entire spectral range. This prospect, and the new knowledge and discoveries that may be anticipated from it, lie behind an upsurge in interest in high resolution imaging from the ground. Several new high angular resolution instruments for radio, infrared, and optical wavelengths are expected to come into operation before the 1991 IAU General Assembly.

scholarly journals Inter-calibration of polar imager solar channels using SEVIRI

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3215-3247 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Meirink ◽  
R. A. Roebeling ◽  
P. Stammes
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Aqua Satellite ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Direct Inter ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Accurate calibration of satellite imagers is a prerequisite for using their measurements in climate applications. Here we present a method for the inter-calibration of geostationary and polar-orbiting imager solar channels based on regressions of collocated near-nadir radiances. Specific attention is paid to correcting for differences in spectral response between instruments. The method is used to calibrate the solar channels of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on the geostationary Meteosat satellite with corresponding channels of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the polar-orbiting Aqua satellite. The SEVIRI operational calibration is found to be stable during the years 2004 to 2009 but off by −8, −6, and +3.5% for channels 1 (0.6 μm), 2 (0.8 μm), and 3 (1.6 μm), respectively. These results are robust for a range of choices that can be made regarding data collocation and selection, as long as the viewing and illumination geometries of the two instruments are matched. Uncertainties in the inter-calibration method are estimated to be 1% for channel 1 and 1.5% for channels 2 and 3. A specific application of the method is the inter-calibration of polar imagers using SEVIRI as a transfer instrument. This offers an alternative to direct inter-calibration, which in general has to rely on high-latitude collocations. Using this method we have tied MODIS-Terra and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instruments on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites 17 and 18 to MODIS-Aqua for the years 2007 to 2009. While reflectances of the two MODIS instruments differ less than 2% for all channels considered, deviations of an existing AVHRR calibration from MODIS-Aqua reach −3.5 and +2.5% for the 0.8 and 1.6 μm channels, respectively.

scholarly journals Evolution of INO Uncooled Infrared Cameras Towards Very High Resolution Imaging

2011 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 012114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Bergeron ◽  
Hubert Jerominek ◽  
Claude Chevalier ◽  
Loïc Le Noc ◽  
Bruno Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Crown closure segmentation on wetland lowland forest using the mean shift algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Beni Iskandar ◽  
I Nengah Surati Jaya ◽  
Muhammad Buce Saleh
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Mean Shift ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Parameter Combination ◽  
Crown Closure ◽  
Very High

The availability of high and very high-resolution imagery is helpful for forest inventory, particularly to measure the stand variables such as canopy dimensions, canopy density, and crown closure. This paper describes the examination of mean shift (MS) algorithm on wetland lowland forest. The study objective was to find the optimal parameters for crown closure segmentation Pleiades-1B and SPOT-6 imageries. The study shows that the segmentation of crown closure with the red band of Pleiades-1B image would be well segmented by using the parameter combination of (hs: 6, hr: 5, M: 33) having overall accuracy of 88.93% and Kappa accuracy of 73.76%, while the red, green, blue (RGB) composite of SPOT-6 image, the optimal parameter combination was (hs:2, hr: 8, M: 11), having overall accuracy of 85.72% and kappa accuracy of 68.33%. The Pleiades-1B image with a spatial resolution of (0.5 m) provides better accuracy than SPOT-5 of (1.5 m) spatial resolution. The differences between single spectral, synthetic, and RGB does not significantly affect the accuracy of segmentation. The study concluded that the segmentation of high and very high-resolution images gives promising results on forest inventory.

scholarly journals Classifying settlement types from multi-scale spatial patterns of building footprints

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832092120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren C Jochem ◽  
Douglas R Leasure ◽  
Oliver Pannell ◽  
Heather R Chamberlain ◽  
Patricia Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Very High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Very High

Urban settlements and urbanised populations continue to grow rapidly and much of this transition is occurring in less developed countries. Remote sensing techniques are now often applied to monitor urbanisation and changes in settlement patterns. In particular, increasing availability of very high resolution imagery (<1 m spatial resolution) and computing power is enabling complete sets of settlement data in the form of building footprints to be extracted from imagery. These settlement data provide information on the changes occurring in cities, particularly in countries which may lack other data on urbanisation. While spatially detailed, extracted building footprints typically lack other information that identify building types or can be used to differentiate intra-urban land uses or neighbourhood types. This work demonstrates an approach to classifying settlement types through multi-scale spatial patterns of urban morphology visible in building footprint data extracted from very high resolution imagery. The work uses a Gaussian mixture modelling approach to select and hierarchically merge components into clusters. The results are maps classifying settlement types on a high spatial resolution (100 m) grid. The approach is applied in Kaduna, Nigeria; Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; and Maputo, Mozambique and demonstrates the potential of computational methods to take advantage of large spatial datasets and extract meaningful information to support monitoring of urban areas. The model-based approach produces a hierarchy of potential clustering solutions, and we suggest that this can be used in partnership with local knowledge of the context when creating settlement typologies.

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