ANÁLISE DOS FOCOS DE CALOR EM DIFERENTES FAIXAS DE ÁREAS DE INFLUÊNCIA DA RODOVIA BR-242, NOVA UBIRATÃ-MT

A concentração dos focos de calor em diferentes faixas limítrofes de influência da rodovia BR-242 foi analisada no município de Nova Ubiratã-MT. Os focos de calor obtidos pelo banco de dados de Queimadas do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), detectados pelo sensor MODIS do satélite AQUA foram identificados e quantificados. O estimador de densidade de Kernel e a análise de Buffer (distância em duas classes de 0 – 5 km e 0 – 20 km ao longo da BR-242) foram utilizados para estimar a distribuição dos focos de calor no município. Os resultados indicaram um aumento nos focos de calor a partir da área de influência de 20 km, constatando que 10% dos focos ocorreram na faixa de 0 – 5 km e 29% na faixa de 0 – 20 km, totalizando 5.568 focos detectados nos anos 2008 a 2017. Esta nova informação visa fomentar políticas públicas sobre os procedimentos aplicados pelo IBAMA na regularização ambiental das rodovias federais, especialmente para diagnosticar o passivo ambiental rodoviário. Palavras-chave: Sistema de Informação Geográfica; incêndios florestais; infraestrutura; monitoramento por satélite. Analysis of heat sources in different areas of influence of the BR-242 highway in the Nova Ubiratã-MT, Brazil ABSTRACT: The concentration of heat sources in different boundary bands of influence of the BR-242 highway was analyzed in the municipality of Nova Ubiratã-MT. The heat sources obtained by the database of burnings from Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE), detected by the MODIS sensor of the AQUA satellite were identified and quantified. The Kernel density estimator and the Buffer analysis (distance in two classes of 0 - 5 km and 0 - 20 km along the BR-242 corridor) were used to estimate the distribution of heat sources in the municipality. The results indicated an increase in the heat sources from the area of ​​influence of 20 km, noting that 10% of the heat sources occurred in the range of 0 - 5 km and 29% in the range of 0 - 20 km, totaling 5,568 detected heat sources in the years from 2008 to 2017. This new information promises to promote public policies on the procedures applied by IBAMA in the environmental regularization of federal highways, especially to diagnose environmental road liabilities. Keywords: Geographic Information Systems; wildfire; infrastructure; satellite monitoring.

دراسة تغيرات درجة حرارة الهواء فوق حلب باستخدام بيانات AIRS/Aqua خلال الفترة الزمنية 2003-2016

إن التغير المناخي هو اختلال في مناخ الأرض مع ارتفاع درجة حرارة الكوكب و تغير كبير في طبيعة الظواهر المناخية و تدهور مستمر للغطاء النباتي و للتنوع البيئي. وبسبب تزايد تدفق الملوثات البيئية و الغازات الدفيئة نحو الغلاف الجوي ازداد خطر ظاهرة الإحتباس الحراري، مما أدى إلى ارتفاع درجة حرارة الأرض فبدأت الثلوج القطبية بالذوبان مسببة ارتفاع منسوب مياه البحر و المحيطات مما يشكل خطراً كبيراً للبشرية. و هذا ما دفع الكثير من الباحثين لدراسة التغيرات الحرارية التي تحدث في الغلاف الجوي. و في هذا البحث قمنا بدراسة تغيرات درجات الحرارة فوق حلب التي تقع شمال غرب سورية خلال الفترة الزمنية 2003-2016 باستخدام مسبار الأشعة تحت الحمراء AIRS المثبت على متن القمر الصناعي Aqua Satellite و قد تم إطلاق هذا القمر في عام 2002 و هو مخصص لمراقبة مناخ الأرض. و قد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة لمدة 14 فوق حلب زيادة واضحة في درجات الحرارة 0.5 C. وقد بلغت درجات الحرارة أكبر قيمة لها 23.76 C في عام 2010.كما أظهرت التغيرات الشهرية لدرجات الحرارة فوق حلب أن القيمة العظمى لدرجات الحرارة كانت في شهر تموز 35.09 C أما القيم الصغرى كانت في شهري كانون الأول و كانون الثاني 10.27 C .

Implementasi Logika Fuzzy pada Kekuatan Sinyal yang Diterima Antena Viasat X-Band

The data that the antenna receives during satellite data acquisition has a signal strength that is affected by the antenna's movement at an elevation and azimuth angle. Every change in the two angles causes the signal strength received by the antenna to change. Signal strength calculation is important to be able to ensure satellite data is received well. Fuzzy Mamdani's logic as a method that can be used to calculate uncertain variables will be implemented in the calculation of the signal strength received by the Viasat X-Band antenna when the acquisition process of Aqua satellite data takes place. The results of the calculation of fuzzy mamdani logic by testing 6 signal strength data obtained from the Aqua satellite track analysis owned by LAPAN are shown in the percentage of errors, among others: DOY 197 of 1.33%; DOY 213 by 2.89%; DOY 259 of 1.93%; DOY 304 of 1.18%; DOY 320 by 4.73%; and DOY 357 of 2.27% and the average error (overall) of the entire data tested was 2.39%. This shows that the mamdani fuzzy logic is suitable for use in calculating the signal strength received by the Viasat X-Band antenna.

Observed vertical distribution of tropospheric carbon monoxide during 2012 over Iraq

The atmospheric parameters observations enable to made continental and global scales by remote sensing devices existent in space. One of these instruments is the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) onboard Aqua satellite. We characterize the vertical distribution of troposphere carbon monoxide (CO) measured by AIRS over IRAQ. This study presents one year data. Results shown standard deviation of monthly troposphere CO for five locations: Baghdad, Basrah, Maysan, Al Fakka, and Mosul, from January to December 2012, was 107.15 ±18.75 ppbv for entire period depend on whether circumstance and topography. The seasonal differences undulate between winter and summer seasons, with higher values CO in the winter than in the summer and autumn seasons. In addition, the rising in troposphere CO values can be measured during year over the manufacturing and crowded urbanized zones. AIRS observations reveal enhanced abundances of CO, with values that can exceed 120 ppbv at approximately 4 km altitude over Baghdad and Mosul. The lower CO amounts observed of approximately 88–90 ppbv at 253 mb (altitude 11 km) during October. Comparisons over Baghdad station in 2012 showed close agreement between the ground CO data and the observed CO from AIRS, and regression result showed high correlation coeffi cient (R = 0.962). The vertical CO observation by AIRS is providing meaningful information for different altitude layers closer to the troposphere, and the satellite measurements are able to measure the increase of the atmosphere CO concentrations over varied regions.

Identifying drought events in sugarcane using drought indices derived from Modis sensor

The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of several spectral indices, used on moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (Modis) images, in identifying drought events in sugarcane. Images of Terra and Aqua satellites were used to calculate the spectral indices, using visible (red), near infrared, and shortwave infrared bands, and eight indices were selected: NDVI, EVI2, GVMI, NDI6, NDI7, NDWI, SRWI, and MSI. The indices were calculated using images between October and April of the crop years 2007/08, 2008/09, 2009/10, and 2013/14. These indices were then correlated with the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI), calculated for 1, 3, and 6 months. Four of them had significant correlations with SPEI: GVMI, MSI, NDI7, and NDWI. Spectral indices from Modis sensor on board the Aqua satellite (MYD) were more suited for drought detection, and March provided the most relevant indices for that purpose. Drought indices calculated from Modis sensor data are effective for detecting sugarcane drought events, besides being able to indicate seasonal fluctuations.