Radiomics and Prostate MRI: Current Role and Future Applications

Multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is widely used as a triage test for men at a risk of prostate cancer. However, the traditional role of mpMRI was confined to prostate cancer staging. Radiomics is the quantitative extraction and analysis of minable data from medical images; it is emerging as a promising tool to detect and categorize prostate lesions. In this paper we review the role of radiomics applied to prostate mpMRI in detection and localization of prostate cancer, prediction of Gleason score and PI-RADS classification, prediction of extracapsular extension and of biochemical recurrence. We also provide a future perspective of artificial intelligence (machine learning and deep learning) applied to the field of prostate cancer.

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Diagnostic Role of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in Prostate Cancer Staging: A Systematic Review

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030552 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 552

Author(s):

Salam Awenat ◽

Arnoldo Piccardo ◽

Patricia Carvoeiras ◽

Giovanni Signore ◽

Luca Giovanella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Metastatic Disease ◽

Cancer Staging ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Pet Ct

Background: The use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted agents for staging prostate cancer (PCa) patients using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is increasing worldwide. We performed a systematic review on the role of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in PCa staging to provide evidence-based data in this setting. Methods: A comprehensive computer literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases for studies using 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in PCa staging was performed until 31 December 2020. Eligible articles were selected and relevant information was extracted from the original articles by two authors independently. Results: Eight articles (369 patients) evaluating the role of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in PCa staging were selected. These studies were quite heterogeneous, but, overall, they demonstrated a good diagnostic accuracy of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in detecting PCa lesions at staging. Overall, higher primary PCa aggressiveness was associated with higher 18F-PSMA-1007 uptake. When compared with other radiological and scintigraphic imaging methods, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT had superior sensitivity in detecting metastatic disease and the highest inter-reader agreement. 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT showed similar results in terms of diagnostic accuracy for PCa staging compared with PET/CT with other PSMA-targeted tracers. Dual imaging with multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging and 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT may improve staging of primary PCa. Notably, 18F-PSMA-1007-PET/CT may detect metastatic disease in a significant number of patients with negative standard imaging. Conclusions: 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT demonstrated a good accuracy in PCa staging, with similar results compared with other PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals. This method could substitute bone scintigraphy and conventional abdominal imaging for PCa staging. Prospective multicentric studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Multiparametric MRI for Recurrent Prostate Cancer Post Radical Prostatectomy and Postradiation Therapy

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/316272 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Flavio Barchetti ◽

Valeria Panebianco

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Radical Prostatectomy ◽

Local Recurrence ◽

Locoregional Recurrence ◽

Multiparametric Mri ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Published Data ◽

Detection And Localization ◽

The Impact

The clinical suspicion of local recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RP) and after radiation therapy (RT) is based on the onset of biochemical failure. The aim of this paper was to review the current role of multiparametric-MRI (mp-MRI) in the detection of locoregional recurrence. A systematic literature search using the Medline and Cochrane Library databases was performed from January 1995 up to November 2013. Bibliographies of retrieved and review articles were also examined. Only those articles reporting complete data with clinical relevance for the present review were selected. This review article is divided into two major parts: the first one considers the role of mp-MRI in the detection of PCa local recurrence after RP; the second part provides an insight about the impact of mp-MRI in the depiction of locoregional recurrence after RT (interstitial or external beam). Published data indicate an emerging role for mp-MRI in the detection and localization of locally recurrent PCa both after RP and RT which represents an information of paramount importance to perform focal salvage treatments.

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Multiparametric MRI and Radiomics in Prostate Cancer: A Review of the Current Literature

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11101829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1829

Author(s):

Federico Midiri ◽

Federica Vernuccio ◽

Pierpaolo Purpura ◽

Pierpaolo Alongi ◽

Tommaso Vincenzo Bartolotta

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Cancer Staging ◽

Multiparametric Mri ◽

Tumor Aggressiveness ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Definitive Therapy ◽

Radiological Images ◽

Risk Patients

Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the fourth most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death of men worldwide. Multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) has high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of PCa, and it is currently the most widely used imaging technique for tumor localization and cancer staging. mp-MRI plays a key role in risk stratification of naïve patients, in active surveillance for low-risk patients, and in monitoring recurrence after definitive therapy. Radiomics is an emerging and promising tool which allows a quantitative tumor evaluation from radiological images via conversion of digital images into mineable high-dimensional data. The purpose of radiomics is to increase the features available to detect PCa, to avoid unnecessary biopsies, to define tumor aggressiveness, and to monitor post-treatment recurrence of PCa. The integration of radiomics data, including different imaging modalities (such as PET-CT) and other clinical and histopathological data, could improve the prediction of tumor aggressiveness as well as guide clinical decisions and patient management. The purpose of this review is to describe the current research applications of radiomics in PCa on MR images.

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Characterization of The Expression of The Heavy Chain of 4F2 Antigen As a Therapeutic Target in Prostate Cancer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-112482/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maihulan Maimaiti ◽

Shinichi Sakamoto ◽

Masahiro Sugiura ◽

Minhui Xu ◽

Keisuke Ando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cell Cycle ◽

Heavy Chain ◽

Therapeutic Target ◽

Kinase Inhibitors ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Cellular Growth ◽

Traditional Role

Abstract The 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (4F2hc) forms a heterodimeric complex with L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and transports large neutral essential amino acids. However, in contrast to the traditional role of LAT1 in various cancers, the role of 4F2hc has largely remained unknown. The role of 4F2hc in prostate cancer was studied. Treatment of C4-2 cells with si4F2hc was found suppress cellular growth and migratory and invasive abilities, with this effect occurring through the cell cycle, with a significant decrease in S phase and a significant increase in G0/G1 phase, suggesting cell cycle arrest. In addition, it was proven by RNA seq that the key to 4F2hc’s impact on cancer is SKP2. The expression of 4F2hc and LAT1 in prostate cancer cells suggests the importance of 4F2hc. Furthermore, si4F2hc, through the downstream target SKP2, upregulates the protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (P21cip1, P27kip1). Multivariate analysis showed that high 4F2hc expression was an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (HR 11.54, p=0.0357). High 4F2hc was related to the clinical tumour stage (p=0.0255) and Gleason score (p=0.0035). Collectively, 4F2hc contributed significantly to prostate cancer (PC) progression. 4F2hc may be a novel marker and therapeutic target in PC.

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The Incremental Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prostate Cancer Staging before Radical Prostatectomy

European Urology ◽

10.1016/j.eururo.2016.08.015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 701-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Alessandro Morlacco ◽

Vidit Sharma ◽

Boyd R. Viers ◽

Laureano J. Rangel ◽

Rachel E. Carlson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Radical Prostatectomy ◽

Cancer Staging ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Prostate Cancer Staging

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The Role of Laparoscopy in Prostate Cancer Staging

The Prostate Journal ◽

10.1046/j.1525-1411.1999.14004.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 166-173

Author(s):

Stephen V. Jackman ◽

Louis R. Kavoussi

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Staging ◽

Prostate Cancer Staging

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The heavy chain of 4F2 antigen promote prostate cancer progression via SKP-2

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90748-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maihulan Maimaiti ◽

Shinichi Sakamoto ◽

Masahiro Sugiura ◽

Manato Kanesaka ◽

Ayumi Fujimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cell Cycle ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Heavy Chain ◽

Kinase Inhibitors ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Cellular Growth ◽

Traditional Role

AbstractThe 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (4F2hc) forms a heterodimeric complex with L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and transports large neutral essential amino acids. However, in contrast to the traditional role of LAT1 in various cancers, the role of 4F2hc has largely remained unknown. The role of 4F2hc in prostate cancer was studied. Treatment of C4-2 cells with si4F2hc was found to suppress cellular growth, migratory and invasive abilities, with this effect occurring through the cell cycle, with a significant decrease in S phase and a significant increase in G0/G1 phase, suggesting cell cycle arrest. In addition, it was proven by RNA seq that the key to 4F2hc’s impact on cancer is SKP2. si4F2hc upregulates the protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (P21cip1, P27kip1) through the downstream target SKP2. Furthermore, the expression of 4F2hc and LAT1 in prostate cancer cells suggests the importance of 4F2hc. Multivariate analysis showed that high 4F2hc expression was an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (HR 11.54, p = 0.0357). High 4F2hc was related to the clinical tumour stage (p = 0.0255) and Gleason score (p = 0.0035). Collectively, 4F2hc contributed significantly to prostate cancer (PC) progression. 4F2hc may be a novel marker and therapeutic target in PC.

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ROLE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN NODAL AND METASTATIC STAGING OF PROSTATE CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Indonesian Journal of Urology ◽

10.32421/juri.v29i1.733 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hafizar ◽

Fakhri Rahman ◽

Rainier Rumanter ◽

Agus Rizal Ardy Hariandy Hamid ◽

Chaidir Arif Mochtar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cancer Staging ◽

Index Test ◽

Nodal Involvement ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

N Staging ◽

Prostate Cancer Staging

Objective: To evaluate the usage of MRI in prostate cancer staging, especially in nodal involvement (N-staging) and metastasis (M-staging) of prostate cancer. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing role of MRI in nodal and metastasis staging of prostate cancer. Search of studies were done through search engine using Pubmed, Cochrane, and EBSCO Host and manual searching. Quality of eligible studies were assessed using a revised version of Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) and analyzed in pooled analysis according to nodal involvement or metastasis staging, modality of diagnosis used as the index test and gold standard used using STATA version 13. Results: Total 26 studies corresponding with study’s eligibility criteria were found. Overall, usage of MRI has a sensitivity of 47% (95% CI 35% - 60%; I2 83.08%) and a specificity of 93% (95% CI 89% - 96%, I2 82.21%) in nodal involvement staging of prostate cancer, while using of MRI in M-staging of prostate cancer shows a sensitivity of 94% (95% CI 86% - 97%) and a specificity of 99% (95% CI 97% - 99%). Using lymphotrophic superparamagnetic nanoparticle (LSN) - enhanced MRI gives higher sensitivity than using MRI without LSN for N-staging of prostate cancer. Conclusion: The usage of MRI in prostate cancer staging has a moderate sensitivity and relatively high specificity in detecting lymph node. Moreover, it plays an important role and even can be used as a modality of choice in assisting bone metastatic prostate cancer detection.

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MRI and Targeted Biopsy Essential Tools for an Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment Decision Making in Prostate Cancer

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11091551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1551

Author(s):

Suraj Samtani ◽

Mauricio Burotto ◽

Juan Carlos Roman ◽

Daniela Cortes-Herrera ◽

Annerleim Walton-Diaz

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Treatment Decision ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Extracapsular Extension ◽

Treatment Decision Making ◽

Trus Biopsy ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death worldwide. Historically, diagnosis was based on physical examination, transrectal (TRUS) images, and TRUS biopsy resulting in overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Recently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been identified as an evolving tool in terms of diagnosis, staging, treatment decision, and follow-up. In this review we provide the key studies and concepts of MRI as a promising tool in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer in the general population and in challenging scenarios, such as anteriorly located lesions, enlarged prostates determining extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion, and prior negative biopsy and the future role of MRI in association with artificial intelligence (AI).

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