scholarly journals Exploring Visitors’ Visual Behavior Using Eye-Tracking: The Case of the “Studiolo Del Duca”

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Serena Mandolesi ◽  
Danilo Gambelli ◽  
Simona Naspetti ◽  
Raffaele Zanoli
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Visual Behavior ◽  
Visual Behaviour ◽  
Tracking Technology

Although the understanding of cognitive disciplines has progressed, we know relatively little about how the human brain perceives art. Thanks to the growing interest in visual perception, eye-tracking technology has been increasingly used for studying the interaction between individuals and artworks. In this study, eye-tracking was used to provide insights into non-expert visitors’ visual behaviour as they move freely in the historical room of the “Studiolo del Duca” of the Ducal Palace in Urbino, Italy. Visitors looked for an average of almost two minutes. This study revealed which parts of the artefact captured visitors’ attention and also gives interesting information about the main patterns of fruition.

scholarly journals Comparing the Visual Perception According to the Performance Using the Eye-Tracking Technology in High-Fidelity Simulation Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Issam Tanoubi ◽  
Mathieu Tourangeau ◽  
Komi Sodoké ◽  
Roger Perron ◽  
Pierre Drolet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
High Fidelity Simulation ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Total View ◽  
Simulation Scenario ◽  
Tracking Technology

Introduction: We used eye-tracking technology to explore the visual perception of clinicians during a high-fidelity simulation scenario. We hypothesized that physicians who were able to successfully manage a critical situation would have a different visual focus compared to those who failed. Methods: A convenience sample of 18 first-year emergency medicine residents were enrolled voluntarily to participate in a high-fidelity scenario involving a patient in shock with a 3rd degree atrioventricular block. Their performance was rated as pass or fail and depended on the proper use of the pacing unit. Participants were wearing pre-calibrated eye-tracking glasses throughout the 9-min scenario and infrared (IR) markers installed in the simulator were used to define various Areas of Interest (AOI). Total View Duration (TVD) and Time to First Fixation (TFF) by the participants were recorded for each AOI and the results were used to produce heat maps. Results: Twelve residents succeeded while six failed the scenario. The TVD for the AOI containing the pacing unit was significantly shorter (median [quartile]) for those who succeeded compared to the ones who failed (42 [31–52] sec vs. 70 [61–90] sec, p = 0.0097). The TFF for the AOI containing the ECG and vital signs monitor was also shorter for the participants who succeeded than for those who failed (22 [6–28] sec vs. 30 [27–77] sec, p = 0.0182). Discussion: There seemed to be a connection between the gaze pattern of residents in a high-fidelity bradycardia simulation and their performance. The participants who succeeded looked at the monitor earlier (diagnosis). They also spent less time fixating the pacing unit, using it promptly to address the bradycardia. This study suggests that eye-tracking technology could be used to explore how visual perception, a key information-gathering element, is tied to decision-making and clinical performance.

Exploratory Discoveries from Eye-Tracking Tests of Wertheimer’s Gestalt Patterns

Leonardo ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xinran Hu ◽  
Dinko Bačić
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Closure Principle ◽  
Critical Difference ◽  
Gestalt Principles ◽  
Fundamental Distinction ◽  
Attention And Perception ◽  
Tracking Technology

In this study, we use a novel eye-tracking technology to determine how viewing behavior complies with Wertheimer’s descriptions of Gestalt principles of similarity, proximity, continuation, and closure. Our results show that viewers respond predictably to the most Gestalt principles, while discovering important nuances when it comes to our better understanding of the role of visual attention in closure principle and competing principles. In addition, our results revealed a fundamental distinction between visual attention and visual perception. By grasping this critical difference between attention and perception, designers may become more successful in applying Gestalt principles to their design.

scholarly journals Industrial Energy Assessment Training Effectiveness Evaluation: An Eye-Tracking Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
Laleh Ghanbari ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Hyun Woo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Visual Behavior ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Assessment Training ◽  
Training Effectiveness Evaluation ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Tracking Technology

It is essential to understand the effectiveness of any training program so it can be improved accordingly. Various studies have applied standard metrics for the evaluation of visual behavior to recognize the areas of interest that attract individuals’ attention as there is a high correlation between attentional behavior and where one is focusing on. However, through reviewing the literature, we believe that studies that applied eye-tracking technologies for training purposes are still limited, especially in the industrial energy assessment training field. In this paper, the effectiveness of industrial energy assessment training was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the attentional allocation of trainees using eye-tracking technology. Moreover, this study identifies the areas that require more focus based on evaluating the performance of subjects after receiving the training. Additionally, this research was conducted in a controlled environment to remove the distractions that may be caused by environmental factors to only concentrate on variables that influence the learning behavior of subjects. The experiment results showed that after receiving the training, the subjects’ performance in energy assessment was significantly improved in two areas: production, and recycling and waste management, and the designed training program enhanced the knowledge of participants in identifying energy-saving opportunities to the knowledge level of experienced participants.

scholarly journals From Visual Behavior to Signage Design: A Wayfinding Experiment with Eye-Tracking in Satellite Terminal of PVG Airport

2021 ◽  
pp. 252-262
Author(s):  
Chengyu Sun ◽  
Shuyang Li ◽  
Yinshan Lin ◽  
Weilin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Visual Behavior ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
Decision Taking ◽  
Signage System ◽  
Tracking Technology

AbstractPassengers principally rely on signage to making wayfinding decisions in transportation buildings. Most existing research focuses on the analysis of the wayfinding trajectory, but there is less attention on the process of how passengers make the wayfinding decision. So, it is hard to accurately locate the causes of the wrong wayfinding decision. Taking the Satellite Terminal of Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG Airport) as an example, we adopted the eye-tracking technology and recorded the eye-tracking data of passengers observing the signage and making wayfinding decisions. Then, we compared and analyzed the data, presenting it by data visualization. This study found the causes of passengers making wrong wayfinding decisions and the visual behavior of wayfinding: the reconfirmation behavior, the priority of attention, and the clockwise observation. Finally, corresponding suggestions for signage design optimization are put forward regarding some wayfinding decision points. As a result, the optimized signage system in the satellite terminal is welcomed by the passengers two months later according to monthly questionnaires.

Developing an Eye-Tracking Protocol to Determine Children’s Visual Perception of Secondary Cleft Lip Deformity

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Emily Karp ◽  
Andrew Scott ◽  
Katherine Martin ◽  
Hanan Zavala ◽  
Siva Chinnadurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Tracking Technology

Objective: To develop a protocol that will be used to measure children’s perception of secondary cleft lip deformity (SCLD) using objective eye-tracking technology. Design: Cross-sectional study. Data collection May and June of 2018. Setting: Single tertiary care pediatric hospital with a well-established cleft team. Participants: Participants were recruited from a general pediatric otolaryngology clinic. Sixty participants from 4 age groups (5-6, 10, 13, and 16 years) were enrolled on a voluntary basis. Intervention: Pediatric participants viewed images of children’s faces while wearing eye-tracking glasses. Ten images with unilateral SCLD and 2 control images with no facial scarring were viewed as gaze was assessed. Main Outcome and Measure: Successful gaze fixation was recorded across all age groups. Results: This article illustrates the types of data generated from glasses-based eye tracking in children. All children, regardless of age, spent more time with their gaze on a SCLD images (mean = 4.23 seconds; standard deviation [SD] = 1.41 seconds) compared to control images (mean = 3.97 seconds; SD = 1.42). Younger age groups spent less time looking at specific areas of interest in SCLD images. Conclusion: In this pilot study, we were able to successfully use eye-tracking technology in children to demonstrate gaze preference and a trend toward visual perception of SCLD changing with age. This protocol will allow for a future study, with larger and more diverse populations. Better understanding of how SCLD is perceived among children and adolescents has the potential to guide future interventions for SCLD and other facial deformities in pediatric patients.

Eye-Tracking in the Real World

2018 ◽  
pp. 368-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Uttley ◽  
James Simpson ◽  
Hussain Qasem
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Real World ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Visual Behaviour ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Tracking Technology

Visual behaviour provides an objective and measurable indication of cognitive processes and perceptions that may otherwise be difficult to assess. The development of eye-tracking technology has allowed the accurate and relatively convenient measurement of visual behaviour. Most research using this technology has been based in a laboratory setting. This is not without good reason, as eye-tracking ‘in the wild'—in real, naturalistic, and outdoor settings—poses logistical and methodological difficulties. One particular limitation that afflicts eye-tracking research, including real-world eye-tracking, is the difficulty in directly attributing attention to what is being looked at. This chapter presents three case studies that illustrate the use of eye-tracking in real-world settings with attempts to overcome this limitation. The chapter concludes by discussing the future direction of eye-tracking research, including how to integrate it with multisensory experiences, its use in conjunction with virtual reality technology, and its implications for urban planning and environmental design.

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