scholarly journals From Visual Behavior to Signage Design: A Wayfinding Experiment with Eye-Tracking in Satellite Terminal of PVG Airport

2021 ◽  
pp. 252-262
Author(s):  
Chengyu Sun ◽  
Shuyang Li ◽  
Yinshan Lin ◽  
Weilin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Visual Behavior ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
Decision Taking ◽  
Signage System ◽  
Tracking Technology

AbstractPassengers principally rely on signage to making wayfinding decisions in transportation buildings. Most existing research focuses on the analysis of the wayfinding trajectory, but there is less attention on the process of how passengers make the wayfinding decision. So, it is hard to accurately locate the causes of the wrong wayfinding decision. Taking the Satellite Terminal of Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG Airport) as an example, we adopted the eye-tracking technology and recorded the eye-tracking data of passengers observing the signage and making wayfinding decisions. Then, we compared and analyzed the data, presenting it by data visualization. This study found the causes of passengers making wrong wayfinding decisions and the visual behavior of wayfinding: the reconfirmation behavior, the priority of attention, and the clockwise observation. Finally, corresponding suggestions for signage design optimization are put forward regarding some wayfinding decision points. As a result, the optimized signage system in the satellite terminal is welcomed by the passengers two months later according to monthly questionnaires.

scholarly journals The Power of Eye Tracking in Economics Experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna N. Lahey ◽  
Douglas Oxley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Economics Experiments ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tracking Technology

Eye tracking is a technology that tracks eye activity including how long and where a participant is looking. As eye tracking technology has improved and become more affordable its use has expanded. We discuss how to design, implement, and analyze an experiment using this technology to study economic theory. Using our experience fielding an experiment to study hiring decisions we guide the reader through how to choose an eye tracker, concerns with participants and set-up, types of outputs, limitations of eye tracking, data management and data analysis. We conclude with suggestions for combining eye tracking with other measurements.

scholarly journals Investigating the Use of Eye Fixation Data for Emotion Classification in VR

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1852-1857
Author(s):  
Lim Jia Zheng Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Emotion Classification ◽  
Learning Classifier ◽  
Rbf Kernel ◽  
Tracking Technology

Eye-tracking technology has become popular recently and widely used in research on emotion recognition since its usability. In this paper, we presented a preliminary investigation on a novelty approach for detecting emotions using eye-tracking data in virtual reality (VR) to classify 4-quadrant of emotions according to russell’scircumplex model of affects. A presentation of 3600 videos is used as the experiment stimuli to evoke the emotions of the user in VR. An add-on eye-tracker within the VR headset is used for the recording and collecting device of eye-tracking data. Fixation data is extracted and chosen as the eye feature used in this investigation. The machine learning classifier is support vector machine (SVM) with radial basis function (RBF) kernel. The best classification accuracy achieved is 69.23%. The findings showed that emotion classification using fixation data has promising results in the prediction accuracy from a four-class random classification.

scholarly journals Computer-Aided Screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Eye-Tracking, Data Visualization and Deep Learning (Preprint)

10.2196/27706 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Cilia ◽  
Romuald Carette ◽  
Mahmoud Elbattah ◽  
Gilles Dequen ◽  
Jean-Luc Guérin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Computer Aided

Influence of Age-Rating Label Salience on Perception and Evaluation of Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Jöckel ◽  
Christopher Blake ◽  
Daniela Schlütz
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
New Age ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Audiovisual Media ◽  
Recent Reform ◽  
The Media ◽  
Tracking Technology

A recent reform of the German protection-of-minors laws demanded the increase of salience factors for the packages of audiovisual media products. This study evaluated the effects of an increase in salience factors of age-rating labels for video games and movies. We used eye-tracking technology in a 2 (Parents, Sons) x 2 (Old, New label) experimental design with 52 parent–son dyads. We measured attention to the age-rating labels and attitude toward the media content. Increased attention to the age-rating labels could be demonstrated. Eye-tracking data showed more frequent and prolonged perception of the more salient age-rating labels. The new age-rating labels were more likely to be fixated and were gazed at longer than their old counterparts. At the same time, this did not automatically lead to a reduction in age-inappropriate media attractiveness. Unintended effects that approached marginal significance were found for adolescent boys: The enhanced attention to new age-rating labels was accompanied by an increased attractiveness of age-inappropriate media. Independent of the type of label shown to parents, they neither allowed their sons to use inappropriate media, nor were they willing to buy such video games or movies for them. Increasing salience factors for age-rating labels is a double-edged sword, resulting in increased awareness of age-rating, but not a reduction in attractiveness of age-inappropriate content.

scholarly journals Subtitling Virtual Reality into Arabic: Eye Tracking 360-Degree Video for Exploring Viewing Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-308
Author(s):  
El Mehdi Ibourk ◽  
Amer Al-Adwan
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tracking Technology ◽  
Viewing Experience

Abstract The recent years have witnessed the emergence of new approaches in filmmaking including virtual reality (VR), which is meant to achieve an immersive viewing experience through advanced electronic devices, such as VR headsets. The VR industry is oriented toward developing content mainly in English and Japanese, leaving vast audiences unable to understand the original content or even enjoy this novel technology due to language barriers. This paper examines the impact of the subtitles on the viewing experience and behaviour of eight Arab participants in understanding the content in Arabic through eye tracking technology. It also provides an insight on the mechanism of watching a VR 360-degree documentary and the factors that lead viewers to favour one subtitling mode over the other in the spherical environment. For this end, a case study was designed to produce 120-degree subtitles and Follow Head Immediately subtitles, followed by the projection of the subtitled documentary through an eye tracking VR headset. The analysis of the eye tracking data is combined with post-viewing interviews in order to better understand the viewing experience of the Arab audience, their cognitive reception and the reasons leading to favour one type of subtitles over the other.

scholarly journals Industrial Energy Assessment Training Effectiveness Evaluation: An Eye-Tracking Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
Laleh Ghanbari ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Hyun Woo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Visual Behavior ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Assessment Training ◽  
Training Effectiveness Evaluation ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Tracking Technology

It is essential to understand the effectiveness of any training program so it can be improved accordingly. Various studies have applied standard metrics for the evaluation of visual behavior to recognize the areas of interest that attract individuals’ attention as there is a high correlation between attentional behavior and where one is focusing on. However, through reviewing the literature, we believe that studies that applied eye-tracking technologies for training purposes are still limited, especially in the industrial energy assessment training field. In this paper, the effectiveness of industrial energy assessment training was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the attentional allocation of trainees using eye-tracking technology. Moreover, this study identifies the areas that require more focus based on evaluating the performance of subjects after receiving the training. Additionally, this research was conducted in a controlled environment to remove the distractions that may be caused by environmental factors to only concentrate on variables that influence the learning behavior of subjects. The experiment results showed that after receiving the training, the subjects’ performance in energy assessment was significantly improved in two areas: production, and recycling and waste management, and the designed training program enhanced the knowledge of participants in identifying energy-saving opportunities to the knowledge level of experienced participants.

scholarly journals Exploring Visitors’ Visual Behavior Using Eye-Tracking: The Case of the “Studiolo Del Duca”

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Serena Mandolesi ◽  
Danilo Gambelli ◽  
Simona Naspetti ◽  
Raffaele Zanoli
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Visual Behavior ◽  
Visual Behaviour ◽  
Tracking Technology

Although the understanding of cognitive disciplines has progressed, we know relatively little about how the human brain perceives art. Thanks to the growing interest in visual perception, eye-tracking technology has been increasingly used for studying the interaction between individuals and artworks. In this study, eye-tracking was used to provide insights into non-expert visitors’ visual behaviour as they move freely in the historical room of the “Studiolo del Duca” of the Ducal Palace in Urbino, Italy. Visitors looked for an average of almost two minutes. This study revealed which parts of the artefact captured visitors’ attention and also gives interesting information about the main patterns of fruition.

A Web-Based Eye Tracking Data Visualization Tool

2021 ◽  
pp. 405-419
Author(s):  
Hristo Bakardzhiev ◽  
Marloes van der Burgt ◽  
Eduardo Martins ◽  
Bart van den Dool ◽  
Chyara Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Visualization Tool ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Web Based

Analyzing eye tracking data using a Markovian framework to assess differences in scan patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1814-1818
Author(s):  
Shannon P. Devlin ◽  
Sara L. Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Visual Channel ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Data Overload ◽  
Tracking Technology

Data overload, especially in the visual channel, represents a major challenge with regards to display design in data-rich domains. One promising means of addressing data overload is with the use of eye tracking technology to better understand an operator’s transition methods between tasks in order to support operators in real-time. The goal of this study is to develop a Markovian framework analyzing eye movement across different panels while performing a simulated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) control task, the chosen application of this study. Across ten participants, an increase in workload adversely affected performance, but did not change individual scan patterns, which were based on a Markovian framework. However, across participants, eye tracking data revealed five distinct scan patterns, each with varying levels of success in terms of response time and accuracy. The top four performers all adopted different scan patterns. The findings show that eye tracking can provide unique insights to explain performance differences between individuals. Overall, the findings provide the foundation for developing an algorithm that optimizes performance while accounting for individual differences.

scholarly journals ETRAN: extensible software for eye tracking data visualization and analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
P.A. Marmalyuk ◽  
G.A. Yuryev ◽  
A.V. Zhegallo ◽  
B.Yu. Polyakov ◽  
A.S. Panfilova
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Software System ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Events Detection ◽  
Extensible Software

This article is devoted to the description of a free, extensible and open source software system designed for eye tracking data analysis. Authors of this article examine not only the main methods and functions of the system core that address gaze data import, data analysis (filtering, smoothing, oculomotor events detection, estimation of events’ characteristics and others) and visualization, but also scheduled improvements of system’s functional features

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