scholarly journals Erosive Degradation Study of Concrete Augmented by Mussel Shells for Marine Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Carolina Camba ◽  
José Luis Mier ◽  
Luis Carral ◽  
María Isabel Lamas ◽  
José Carlos Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Model ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Models ◽  
Abrasive Erosion ◽  
Erosion Effect ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
Marine Applications ◽  
Degradation Properties ◽  
Canning Industry

This work proposes a green material for artificial reefs to be placed in Galicia (northwest Spain) taking into account the principles of circular economy and sustainability of the ecosystem. New concrete formulations for marine applications, based on cement and/or sand replacement by mussel shells, are analyzed in terms of resistance to abrasion. The interest lies in the importance of the canning industry of Galicia, which generates important quantities of shell residues with negative environmental consequences. Currently, the tests to determine the abrasion erosion resistance of concrete on hydraulic structures involve large and complex devices. According to this, an experimental test has been proposed to estimate and compare the wear resistance of these concretes and, consequently, to analyze the environmental performance of these structures. First, a numerical analysis validated with experimental data was conducted to design the test. Subsequently, experimental tests were performed using a slurry tank in which samples with conventional cement and sand were partially replaced by mussel shell. The abrasive erosion effect of concrete components was analyzed by monitoring the mass loss. It shows an asymptotic trend with respect to time that has been modeled by Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and nonlinear regression models. The results were compared to concrete containing only conventional cement and sand. Replacing sand and/or cement by different proportions of mussel shells has not significantly reduced the resistance of concrete against erosive degradation, except for the case where a high amount of sand (20 wt.%) is replaced. Its resistance against the erosive abrasion is increased, losing between 0.1072 and 0.0310 wt.% lower than common concrete. In all the remaining cases (replacements of the 5–10 wt.% of sand and cement), the effect of mussel replacement on erosive degradation is not significant. These results encourage the use of mussel shells in the composition of concrete, taking into account that we obtain the same degradation properties, even more so considering an important residue in the canning industry (and part of the seabed) that can be valorized.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Materials Employed in Green Artificial Reefs for the Galician Estuaries in Terms of Circular Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8850
Author(s):  
Luis Carral ◽  
Carolina Camba Fabal ◽  
Mª Isabel Lamas Galdo ◽  
Mª Jesús Rodríguez-Guerreiro ◽  
Juan José Cartelle Barros
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Canning Industry

To exploit marine resources in a sustainable way, efficient management systems must be used such as green artificial reefs (GARs). These reefs are mostly made up of renewable and organic materials. When adopting the circular economy (CE) model, industrial processes must be reconsidered. By adapting how conventional artificial reefs (CARs) are engineered and produced to embrace the principles of the CE, certain materials can be used. Renewable resources are designed to be reintroduced into the biosphere without producing harmful organic residues or nutrients. Within a framework that covers economic, environmental and social considerations, this study offers four new proposals related to substituting the materials destined for the components in an artificial reef. For the first time, two different methodologies were applied to determine the best alternative in terms of its contribution to both sustainability and CE. From the results obtained, the best solutions are in line with substituting a certain amount of the cement and sand with mussel shells. The importance of the results lies in the fact that the canning industry in Galicia (northwest Spain) generates shell residues which promote grave environmental consequences.

scholarly journals Investigation Of Methods To Reduce The Micro Hardness Of Marble Aggregates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3162-3169
Author(s):  
YusupovKhamzaIbadovich Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Surface Degradation ◽  
Abrasive Grain ◽  
Abrasive Erosion ◽  
Degradation Properties

This research paper describes the surface degradation properties of brittle and plastic-brittle materials like marble, crumbling body properties, load acceleration parameters and effects associated with the environment in which grinding is performed. When applied to marble filler in mosaic coatings, first of all, abrasive erosion occurs and a large number of cemented abrasive grain surfaces are removed by means of grinding binders, i.e. a micro-scratch process.

Modeling of the Strain Rate Dependent Material Behavior of 3D-Textile Composites with Production and Operational Defects

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 651-655
Author(s):  
W. Hufenbach ◽  
M. Gude ◽  
R. Protz
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Continuum Damage Mechanics ◽  
Textile Composites ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Dynamic Tensile Loading ◽  
Good Coincidence

This paper concerned with modeling of the strain rate dependent material behavior of 3D-textile composites with simultaneous consideration of production and operational (e.g. pores or fatigue damage) defects. Therefore an additive model in the sense of continuum damage mechanics was introduced. For the model validation extensive experimental tests on glass non-crimp fabrics reinforced epoxy (GF-NCF/EP) composites are performed. The focus is put on the influence of production and fatigue related pre-damage under subsequent highly-dynamic tensile loading. The theoretical studies shows a good coincidence with the experimentally results

scholarly journals The Influence of Water and Mineral Oil on Volumetric Losses in the Displacement Pump for Offshore and Marine Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Śliwiński
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Oil Pump ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Displacement Pump ◽  
Marine Applications

Abstract In this paper, volumetric losses in a positive displacement pump supplied with water and mineral oil are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted using a prototype of a satellite pump (with a non-circular tooth working mechanism). In this paper, the sources of volumetric losses in this pump are characterized. On this basis, a mathematical model of these losses has been presented. The results of the calculation of volumetric losses according to the model are compared with the results of the experiment. Experimental studies have shown that the volumetric losses in the water pump are even 3.2 times greater than the volumetric losses in the oil pump. It has been demonstrated that the mathematical model describing the volumetric losses both in the water pump and in the oil pump is quite good. It has been found that the results from the loaded pump simulation (at ∆p=25MPa and ant n=1500rpm) differ from the results of the experiment by no more than 5% both for oil and water.

scholarly journals Classifying bridges for the risk of fire hazard via competitive machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Kodur ◽  
M. Z. Naser
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Analytical Approaches

AbstractThis study presents a machine learning (ML) approach to identify vulnerability of bridges to fire hazard. For developing this ML approach, data on a series of bridge fires was first collected and then analyzed through three algorithms; Random forest (RF), Support vector machine (SVM) and Generalize additive model (GAM), competing to yield the highest accuracy. As part of this analysis, 80 steel bridges and 38 concrete bridges were assessed. The outcome of this analysis shows that the ML based proposed approach can be effectively applied to arrive at the risk based classification of bridges from a fire hazard point of view. In addition, the developed ML algorithms are also capable of identifying the most critical features that govern bridges vulnerability to fire hazard. In parallel, this study showcases the potential of integrating ML into structural engineering applications as a supporting tool for analysis (i.e. in lieu of experimental tests, advanced simulations, and analytical approaches). This work emphasizes the need to compile data on bridge fires from around the world into a centralized and open source database to accelerate the integration of ML in to fire hazard evaluation.

A Numerical-Experimental Approach of Indentation Problem: Part I — Force-Dent Response of Steel Pipes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Polanco-Loria ◽  
Håvar Ilstad ◽  
Erik Levold
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Indentation Problem

Accidents by trawling impact have the potential of environmental consequences, in terms of safety, monetary values and reputation. Aware of this situation a technology development plan on “Pipeline subject to high interference loads” has been established at STATOIL in close collaboration with GASSCO. The overall achievement is to adapt and introduce more reliable assessment methods in the load and response of pipelines under a trawling impact scenario. This work includes a review of some known force-indentation models appeared in the literature. Some comments on the recently updated version of the DNV-RP-F111 document. Next, the description of the numerical results of 12 analyses of steel pipes studied is described and based on these results a new force-dent proposal is presented. The proposed equations are validated against experimental tests and the findings indicated fairly good predictions as indicated in the conclusions.

scholarly journals The Influence of Water and Mineral Oil on Mechanical Losses in a Hydraulic Motor for Offshore and Marine Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Śliwiński
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Hydraulic Motor ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Marine Applications ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mathematical Model

AbstractIn this paper, mechanical losses in a hydraulic motor supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted using a special design (prototype) of a hydraulic satellite motor. The design of the satellite motor is presented. This motor was developed to supply both with water and mineral oil and features a non-circular tooth working mechanism. The paper also characterizes sources of mechanical losses in this motor. On this basis, a mathematical model of these losses has been developed and presented. The results of calculation of mechanical losses according to the model are compared with the experimental results. Experimental studies have shown that the mechanical losses in the motor supplied with water are 2.8 times greater than those in the motor supplied with oil. The work demonstrates that the mechanical losses in both the motor supplied with water and the one supplied with oil are described well by the mathematical model. It has been found that for the loaded motor working at high speed, the simulation results differ from experimental ones by no more than 3% for oil and 4% for water.

A Numerical-Experimental Approach of Indentation Problem: Part II — Force-Dent Response of Polymeric Coated Steel Pipes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Polanco-Loria ◽  
Håvar Ilstad ◽  
Erik Levold
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Indentation Problem ◽  
Impact Events ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Accidents by trawling impact have the potential of environmental consequences, in terms of safety, monetary values and reputation. Aware of this situation a technology development plan on “Pipeline subject to high interference loads” has been established at STATOIL in close collaboration with GASSCO. The overall achievement is to adapt and introduce more reliable assessment methods in the load and response of pipelines under a trawling impact scenario. Polymeric coating systems have been manly designed and used as thermal isolating material for flow assurance; and little attention has been addressed to mechanical benefits to dissipate energy by large deformation. This property is of special interest to handle impact events typically found during the trawl board impact scenario. The experimental results show the beneficial effect of polymeric coating to protect the steel pipe against indentation when compared to an uncoated system. The results presented in this work focus on new developed analytical expressions to predict the force-dent response of polymeric coated steel pipes using a numerical-experimental research methodology. The proposed equations are validated against experimental tests and the findings indicate fairly good predictions.

Mussel shells: A canning industry by-product converted into a bio-based insulation material

2020 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 122343
Author(s):  
Carolina Martínez-García ◽  
Belén González-Fonteboa ◽  
Diego Carro-López ◽  
Juan Luis Pérez-Ordóñez
Keyword(s):  
Insulation Material ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
Canning Industry

scholarly journals The Influence of Water and Mineral Oil On Mechanical Losses in the Displacement Pump for Offshore and Marine Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (s1) ◽  
pp. 178-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Śliwiński
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Oil Pump ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Displacement Pump ◽  
Marine Applications

Abstract In this paper mechanical losses in a positive displacement pump supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted by using a prototype satellite pump of a special design. The design of the satellite pump is presented in the article. The pump features and a non-circular tooth working mechanism was developed to work with both water and mineral oil. The sources of mechanical losses in such pump are also characterized in this paper. On this basis, a mathematical model of the losses has been developed and presented. The results of the calculation of mechanical losses according to the model are compared with the results of the experiment. The experimental studies have shown that the mechanical losses in the water pump are even 2.8 times greater than those in the oil pump. It has been demonstrated that the mathematical model well describes the mechanical losses both in the water pump and the oil pump. It has been found that the results from the loaded pump simulation (at Δp=25MPa) differ from the results of the experiment by no more than 5% both for oil and water.

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