scholarly journals Assessment of the Materials Employed in Green Artificial Reefs for the Galician Estuaries in Terms of Circular Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8850
Author(s):  
Luis Carral ◽  
Carolina Camba Fabal ◽  
Mª Isabel Lamas Galdo ◽  
Mª Jesús Rodríguez-Guerreiro ◽  
Juan José Cartelle Barros
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Canning Industry

To exploit marine resources in a sustainable way, efficient management systems must be used such as green artificial reefs (GARs). These reefs are mostly made up of renewable and organic materials. When adopting the circular economy (CE) model, industrial processes must be reconsidered. By adapting how conventional artificial reefs (CARs) are engineered and produced to embrace the principles of the CE, certain materials can be used. Renewable resources are designed to be reintroduced into the biosphere without producing harmful organic residues or nutrients. Within a framework that covers economic, environmental and social considerations, this study offers four new proposals related to substituting the materials destined for the components in an artificial reef. For the first time, two different methodologies were applied to determine the best alternative in terms of its contribution to both sustainability and CE. From the results obtained, the best solutions are in line with substituting a certain amount of the cement and sand with mussel shells. The importance of the results lies in the fact that the canning industry in Galicia (northwest Spain) generates shell residues which promote grave environmental consequences.

scholarly journals Erosive Degradation Study of Concrete Augmented by Mussel Shells for Marine Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Carolina Camba ◽  
José Luis Mier ◽  
Luis Carral ◽  
María Isabel Lamas ◽  
José Carlos Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Model ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Models ◽  
Abrasive Erosion ◽  
Erosion Effect ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
Marine Applications ◽  
Degradation Properties ◽  
Canning Industry

This work proposes a green material for artificial reefs to be placed in Galicia (northwest Spain) taking into account the principles of circular economy and sustainability of the ecosystem. New concrete formulations for marine applications, based on cement and/or sand replacement by mussel shells, are analyzed in terms of resistance to abrasion. The interest lies in the importance of the canning industry of Galicia, which generates important quantities of shell residues with negative environmental consequences. Currently, the tests to determine the abrasion erosion resistance of concrete on hydraulic structures involve large and complex devices. According to this, an experimental test has been proposed to estimate and compare the wear resistance of these concretes and, consequently, to analyze the environmental performance of these structures. First, a numerical analysis validated with experimental data was conducted to design the test. Subsequently, experimental tests were performed using a slurry tank in which samples with conventional cement and sand were partially replaced by mussel shell. The abrasive erosion effect of concrete components was analyzed by monitoring the mass loss. It shows an asymptotic trend with respect to time that has been modeled by Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and nonlinear regression models. The results were compared to concrete containing only conventional cement and sand. Replacing sand and/or cement by different proportions of mussel shells has not significantly reduced the resistance of concrete against erosive degradation, except for the case where a high amount of sand (20 wt.%) is replaced. Its resistance against the erosive abrasion is increased, losing between 0.1072 and 0.0310 wt.% lower than common concrete. In all the remaining cases (replacements of the 5–10 wt.% of sand and cement), the effect of mussel replacement on erosive degradation is not significant. These results encourage the use of mussel shells in the composition of concrete, taking into account that we obtain the same degradation properties, even more so considering an important residue in the canning industry (and part of the seabed) that can be valorized.

scholarly journals Advances on the Implementation of Circular Economy Techniques in Rural Areas in Colombia under a Sustainable Development Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3816
Author(s):  
Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri ◽  
Camilo-A. Vargas-Terranova ◽  
María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero ◽  
Paula-A. Bustos-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Depressed Regions ◽  
First Time

For the first time in the scientific literature, this research shows an analysis of the implementation of circular economy techniques under sustainable development framework in six municipalities with a depressed economy in Colombia. The analysis is based on solid waste data production at a local scale, the valuation of the waste for subsequent recycling, and the identification and quantification of the variables associated with the treatment and final disposal of waste, in accordance with the Colombian regulatory framework. Waste generation data are obtained considering three different scenarios, in which a comparison between the simulated values and those established in the management plans are compared. Important differences have been identified between the waste management programs of each municipality, specifically regarding the components of waste collection, transportation and disposal, participation of environmental reclaimers, and potential use of materials. These differences are fundamentally associated with the different administrative processes considered for each individual municipality. This research is a good starting point for the development of waste management models based on circular economy techniques, through the subsequent implementation of an office tool in depressed regions such as those studied.

scholarly journals Environmental Consequences of Closing the Textile Loop—Life Cycle Assessment of a Circular Polyester Jacket

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2964
Author(s):  
Gregor Braun ◽  
Claudia Som ◽  
Mélanie Schmutz ◽  
Roland Hischier
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Energy And Material Flows

The textile industry is recognized as being one of the most polluting industries. Thus, the European Union aims to transform the textile industry with its “European Green Deal” and “Circular Economy Action Plan”. Awareness regarding the environmental impact of textiles is increasing and initiatives are appearing to make more sustainable products with a strong wish to move towards a circular economy. One of these initiatives is wear2wearTM, a collaboration consisting of multiple companies aiming to close the loop for polyester textiles. However, designing a circular product system does not lead automatically to lower environmental impacts. Therefore, a Life Cycle Assessment study has been conducted in order to compare the environmental impacts of a circular with a linear workwear jacket. The results show that a thoughtful “circular economy system” design approach can result in significantly lower environmental impacts than linear product systems. The study illustrates at the same time the necessity for Life Cycle Assessment practitioners to go beyond a simple comparison of one product to another when it comes to circular economy. Such products require a wider system analysis approach that takes into account multiple loops, having interconnected energy and material flows through reuse, remanufacture, and various recycling practices.

scholarly journals REDUCTION OF WAVE OVERTOPPING RATE BY THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL REEFS

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Toru Sawaragi ◽  
Ichiro Deguchi ◽  
San-Kil Park
Keyword(s):  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Wave Analysis ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Unidirectional Flow ◽  
Individual Wave

A wave overtopping rate from a sea dike of various toe depths is formulated based on a weir model in an unidirectional flow. To evaluated the wave overtopping rate from a seadike on an artificial reef by the weir model, a numerical procedure for predicting wave transformations including the effect of forced wave breaking on the reef is constructed. After confirming the applicability of the model through experiments with regular and irregular waves, the effect of artificial reef on wave overtopping is discussed. So-called individual wave analysis method is shown to he applicable to the wave overtopping caused by irregular waves.

Dispersal of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) from a coastal embayment following a recreational fisheries enhancement stocking program: attempts to integrate aquaculture and habitat-based initiatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Becker ◽  
Michael B Lowry ◽  
D Stewart Fielder ◽  
Matthew D Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Recreational Fisheries ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Ranching ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Yellowtail Kingfish ◽  
Seriola Lalandi ◽  
Fisheries Enhancement

Fisheries enhancement initiatives including marine stocking and artificial reef deployments are becoming increasingly common in many parts of the world. Combining the two by releasing hatchery reared fish onto artificial reefs is used in sea-ranching operations but is an approach rarely adopted for recreational fisheries. Yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) form a valuable recreational fishery in Australia and in 2018 a pilot stocking program was initiated to enhance this fishery. Fish were released onto estuarine artificial reefs in Botany Bay to evaluate if estuarine artificial reefs are suitable release habitat for juvenile yellowtail kingfish and to monitor their dispersal patterns using acoustic telemetry and a tag-recapture program. Both approaches showed similar patterns, indicating juvenile yellowtail kingfish rapidly dispersed from the release location and can travel at least 60 km during their first weeks in the wild. Twenty percent of the acoustically tagged fish entered nearby estuaries to the north and south and tagged fish were also recaptured in these estuaries, indicating that the estuaries provide habitat for juveniles. There was little interaction between stocked fish and two large coastal artificial reefs positioned near Botany Bay. Stocked yellowtail kingfish will likely disperse rapidly from release locations which is consistent with their pelagic life history. While this may present challenges to fisheries managers, increasing release numbers to maintain stocking densities over a broader area may provide a solution. Future releases of fish on coastal natural and artificial reefs are an important next step in refining stocking practices for this species and will help further identify key juvenile habitats.

scholarly journals Exploration of the treatment of fish-canning industry effluents by aqueous-phase reforming using Pt/C catalysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1979-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Oliveira ◽  
J. A. Baeza ◽  
L. Calvo ◽  
N. Alonso-Morales ◽  
F. Heras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Aqueous Phase Reforming ◽  
First Time ◽  
Canning Industry

In the current work, an exploratory study on the application of catalytic aqueous phase reforming (APR) to the treatment of fish-canning wastewater was performed for the first time.

Artificial Reefs in Marseille: From Complex Natural Habitats to Concepts of Efficient Artificial Reef Design

2010 ◽  
pp. 81-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charbonnel ◽  
F. Carnus ◽  
S. Ruitton ◽  
L. Le Direac’h ◽  
J.-G. Harmelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Natural Habitats

Impact of artificial reefs on sediment bacterial structure and function in Bohai Bay

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jinsheng Sun ◽  
Enjun Fang ◽  
Biao Guo ◽  
Yuanyuan Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Reef Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control

Artificial reefs have significantly altered ecological and environmental conditions compared with natural reefs, but how these changes affect sediment bacteria structure and function is unknown. Here, we compared the structure and function of the sediment bacterial community in the artificial reef area, the future artificial reef area, and the control area in Bohai Bay by 16S rRNA genes sequencing. Our results indicated that bacteria communities in the sediment were both taxonomically and functionally different between the reef area and control area. In the artificial reef area, the α-diversity was significantly lower, whereas the β-diversity was significantly higher. Functional genes related to chemo-heterotrophy, nitrate reduction, hydrocarbon degradation, and the human pathogens and human gut were more abundant, whereas genes related to the metabolism of sulfur compounds were less abundant in the artificial reef than in the control area. The differences in bacterial communities were primarily determined by depth in the artificial reef area, and by total organic carbon in the future reef area and control area. This study provides the first overview of molecular ecology to assess the impacts of artificial reefs on the bacteria community.

scholarly journals Reprintable Paste-Based Materials for Additive Manufacturing in a Circular Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8032
Author(s):  
Marita Sauerwein ◽  
Jure Zlopasa ◽  
Zjenja Doubrovski ◽  
Conny Bakker ◽  
Ruud Balkenende
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Multiple Product ◽  
Mussel Shells

The circular economy requires high-value material recovery to enable multiple product lifecycles. This implies the need for additive manufacturing to focus on the development and use of low-impact materials that, after product use, can be reconstituted to their original properties in terms of printability and functionality. We therefore investigated reprintable materials, made from bio-based resources. In order to equally consider material properties and recovery during development, we took a design approach to material development. In this way, the full material and product life cycle was studied, including multiple recovery steps. We applied this method to the development of a reprintable bio-based composite material for extrusion paste printing. This material is derived from natural and abundant resources, i.e., ground mussel shells and alginate. The alginate in the printing paste is ionically cross-linked after printing to create a water-resistant material. This reaction can be reversed to retain a printable paste. We studied paste composition, printability and material properties and 3D printed a design prototype. Alginate as a binder shows good printing and reprinting behaviour, as well as promising material properties. It thus demonstrates the concept of reprintable materials.

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