scholarly journals ε-poly-L-lysine Affects the Vegetative Growth, Pathogenicity and Expression Regulation of Necrotrophic Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Tao Zhou ◽  
He Liu ◽  
Yuanmin Huang ◽  
Zehao Wang ◽  
Yuhang Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Differential Expressed Genes ◽  
Toxic Food

Microbial secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces are applied to control plant diseases. The metabolite, ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), is a non-toxic food preservative, but the potential application of this compound as a microbial fungicide in agriculture is rarely reported. In this study, the effect and mode of action of ε-PL on two necrotrophic pathogenic fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea, were investigated. The results showed that ε-PL effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea with EC50 values of 283 μg/mL and 281 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, ε-PL at the dose of 150 and 300 μg/mL reduced S. sclerotiorum sclerotia formation. The results of the RNA-seq and RT-qPCR validation indicated that ε-PL significantly regulated the gene expression of critical differential expressed genes (DEGs) involved in fungal growth, metabolism, pathogenicity, and induced an increase in the expression of the fungal stress responses and the detoxification genes. These results provided new insights for understanding the modes of action of ε-PL on S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea and improved the sustainable management of these plant diseases.

scholarly journals The BMP1 Gene Is Essential for Pathogenicity in the Gray Mold Fungus Botrytis cinerea

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 724-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zheng ◽  
Mathew Campbell ◽  
Jennifer Murphy ◽  
Stephen Lam ◽  
Jin-Rong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Mold Fungus

In Magnaporthe grisea, a well-conserved mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase gene, PMK1, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. In this study, we tested whether the same MAP kinase is essential for plant infection in the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic pathogen that employs infection mechanisms different from those of M. grisea. We used a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to isolate MAP kinase homologues from B. cinerea. The Botrytis MAP kinase required for pathogenesis (BMP) MAP kinase gene is highly homologous to the M. grisea PMK1. BMP1 is a single-copy gene. bmp1 gene replacement mutants produced normal conidia and mycelia but were reduced in growth rate on nutrient-rich medium. bmp1 mutants were nonpathogenic on carnation flowers and tomato leaves. Re-introduction of the wild-type BMP1 allele into the bmp1 mutant restored both normal growth rate and pathogenicity. Further studies indicated that conidia from bmp1 mutants germinated on plant surfaces but failed to penetrate and macerate plant tissues. bmp1 mutants also appeared to be defective in infecting through wounds. These results indicated that BMP1 is essential for plant infection in B. cinerea, and this MAP kinase pathway may be widely conserved in pathogenic fungi for regulating infection processes.

scholarly journals Effect of volatile organic compounds mediated fungal growth inhibition by Trichoderma asperellum HbGT6-07

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Kamaruzzaman ◽  
Md. Samiul Islam ◽  
Shakil Ahmed Polash ◽  
Razia Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Fungal Growth Inhibition

Abstract The species of Trichoderma are one of the most frequently used natural biocontrol agents to mitigate plant diseases and improve crop yields. In this study, sixteen Trichoderma spp. were isolated from soil of different regions of China. However, we identified Trichoderma. asperellum HbGT6-07 by initial fungal growth inhibition assay and molecular approach and also evaluated the antimicrobial effects. Tested 10% concentrated culture filtrate of T. asperellum HbGT6-07 inhibited 93 % of colony radial growth in Botrytis cinerea (B05.10) as well as 91 % of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (A367). VOCs emitted from HbGT6-07 have antimicrobial properties against Botrytis cinerea (B05.10) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (A367). In in-vitro DwD method, The T. asperellum HbGT6-07 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) effectively reduced colonial diameter, mycelial growth rate and sclerotia production by two virulent fungal pathogens. The GC-MS analysis identified thirty-two VOCs derived from HbGT6-07 isolates. Moreover, the hyphal fragments of the T. asperellum HbGT6-07 demonstrated successful mycelia growth suppression of two virulent fungal agents by competing toward the invasion on oilseed rape leaves. The above findings indicated that T. asperellum HbGT6-07 could attain competitive progress via volatile antifungal compound production and comprehensive mycelial growth. This study provided an outlook of using T. asperellum HbGT6-07 to control virulent pathogens of B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum.

scholarly journals Diffusible and Volatile Antifungal Compounds Produced by Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca ST-TJ4 against Various Phytopathogenic Fungi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Liang Kong ◽  
Pu-Sheng Li ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Tian-Yu Wu ◽  
Xiao-Rui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Control Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Headspace Collection ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Abstract Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can potentially be used as an alternative strategy to control plant disease. In this study, strain ST-TJ4 isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a healthy poplar was found to have strong antifungal activity against 11 phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture and forestry. Strain ST-TJ4 was identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca based on 16S rDNA sequences. The bacterium can produce siderophores, cellulase, and protease, and has genes involved in the synthesis of phenazine, 1-phenazinecarboxylic acid, pyrrolnitrin, and hydrogen cyanide. Moreover, the volatile compounds released by strain ST-TJ4 can inhibit the mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi more than diffusible substances can. Based on volatile compound profiles of strain ST-TJ4 obtained from headspace collection and GC-MS/MS analysis, 1-undecene was identified. In summary, the results suggested that P. chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca ST-TJ4 can be used as a biocontrol agent for various plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Soybean diseases in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marcinkowska ◽  
J. W. Tomala-Bednarek ◽  
M. Schollenberger
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Soybean Diseases

Field observations on the occurrence of soybean diseases were undertaken in the southern and central regions of Poland in the period 1976-1980. Most prevalent were foliage diseases caused by <i>Peronospora manshurica, Pseudomonas syrinqae</i> pv. <i>glycinea</i> and soybean mosaic virus (SMV). <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Ascochyta sojaecola</i> were reported as pathogens of local importance. The following pathogenic fungi: <i>Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> were also isolated from soybean.

AWARD LECTURE / CONFÉRENCE D'HONNEUR Prospects for controlling plant fungal diseases — Alternatives based on chemical ecology and biotechnology

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1329-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Soledade C Pedras
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Ecology ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Microbial Diseases ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
And Control

Plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites associated with important defence and resistance mechanisms. In general, within the same plant family the chemical structures of these metabolites are related and suggest common biogenetic precursors. Crucifers are known to produce constitutive and induced tryptophan derived metabolites. Pathogenic fungi can resist such defences utilizing a variety of processes, as for example, enzymatic detoxification. On the other hand, to facilitate their penetration and colonization of the plant tissues, fungal phytopathogens can produce phytotoxic metabolites, some of which are selectively toxic to host-plants. However, plants may be resistant to these pathogens partly due to their ability to detoxify these selective phytotoxins. Nonetheless, the outcome of these interactions frequently favours the pathogen and can lead to enormous yield losses or even major plant epidemics. An overview of some of the most recent studies of metabolic pathways and stress responses in crucifers and several of their pathogens is presented. Potential strategies to prevent and control plant microbial diseases based on chemical ecology studies and biotechnology will be discussed. Key words: phytoalexin, phytotoxin, chemical defence, metabolic detoxification, destruxin B.

scholarly journals Forest Tree Associated Bacterial Diffusible and Volatile Organic Compounds against Various Phytopathogenic Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Liang Kong ◽  
Pu-Sheng Li ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Tian-Yu Wu ◽  
Xiao-Rui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Control Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Headspace Collection ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Encoding Gene

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can potentially be used as an alternative strategy to control plant diseases. In this study, strain ST–TJ4 isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a healthy poplar was found to have a strong antifungal activity against 11 phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture and forestry. Strain ST–TJ4 was identified as Pseudomonas sp. based on 16S rRNA-encoding gene sequences. The bacterium can produce siderophores, cellulase, and protease, and has genes involved in the synthesis of phenazine, 1–phenazinecarboxylic acid, pyrrolnitrin, and hydrogen cyanide. Additionally, the volatile compounds released by strain ST–TJ4 can inhibit the mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi more than diffusible substances can. Based on volatile compound profiles of strain ST–TJ4 obtained from headspace collection and GC–MS/MS analysis, 1-undecene was identified. In summary, the results suggested that Pseudomonas sp. ST–TJ4 can be used as a biocontrol agent for various plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Identification of the viral determinant of hypovirulence and host range in Sclerotiniaceae of a genomovirus reconstructed from the plant metagenome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Feng ◽  
Jiuhuan Feng ◽  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
Connor Pedersen ◽  
Xiuqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Replication Initiation ◽  
Viral Determinant

Uncharacterized viral genomes that encode circular replication-associated proteins of single-stranded DNA viruses have been discovered by metagenomics/metatranscriptomics approaches. Some of these novel viruses are classified under the newly formed Genomoviridae family. Here, we determine the host range of a novel genomovirus, SlaGemV-1, through the transfection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with infectious clones. Inoculating with the rescued virions, we further transfected Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fruticola , two economically important members of family Sclerotiniaceae, and Fusarium oxysporum . SlaGemV-1 causes hypovirulence in S. sclerotiorum, B. cinerea , and M. fruticola . SlaGemV-1 also replicates in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells, but not in Caenorhabditis elegans nor plants. By expressing viral-encoded genes separately through site-specific integration, the replication protein alone was sufficient to cause debilitation. Our study is the first to demonstrate the reconstruction of a metagenomically discovered genomovirus without known hosts with the potential of inducing hypovirulence, and the infectious clone allows for studying mechanisms of genomovirus-host interactions that are conserved across genera. Importance Little is known about the exact host range of widespread genomoviruses. The genome of soybean leaf-associated gemygorvirus-1 (SlaGemV-1) was originally assembled from a metagenomic/metatranscriptomic study without known hosts. Here, we rescued SlaGemV-1 and found that it could infect three important plant pathogenic fungi and Fall armyworm (S. frugiperda , Sf9) insect cells, but not a model nematode, C. elegans , or model plant species. Most importantly, SlaGemV-1 shows promise for inducing hypovirulence of the tested fungal species under family Sclerotiniaceae, including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , Botrytis cinerea , Monilinia fruticola . The viral determinant of hypovirulence was further identified as replication initiation protein. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that viromes discovered in plant metagenome can be a valuable genetic resource when novel viruses are rescued and characterized for their host range.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND SELECTION OF INDIGENOUS ANTIFUNGAL MICROORGANISMS AGAINST PATHOGENIC FUNGI OF PEPPER PLANT IN TAY NGUYEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Thuy Hoai ◽  
Ton That Huu Dat ◽  
Tran Thi Hong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc ◽  
Tran Dinh Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genus Streptomyces

The pathogenic fungi often cause huge impacts on agricultural crops, and occupy over 80% of plant diseases. Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani are fungal pathogens that can lead to rapid development of plant diseases on important crops in Tay Nguyen (e.g., pepper, coffee, rubber, cashew). Therefore, the study of microorganisms with bioactivity against these pathogens is essential to control plant diseases. In this study, we isolated microorganisms from rhizospheres of pepper in Tay Nguyen and screened beneficial microbes against two pathogenic fungi using agar well diffusion assay. Obtained results showed that there are different about isolated microbial density between samples collected from diseased and healthy pepper. The bacterial population is higher in rhizosphere region of healthy pepper than in those of diseased plants. In contrast, fungal density is lower in rhizosphere region of healthy plants than in those of diseased ones. From isolation plates, we selected and purified 391 strains including 236 bacteria, 149 actinomycetes and 6 fungi for screening antifungal activity. Out of isolated microorganisms, 44 strains (36 bacteria, 6 actinomycetes, and 2 fungi) showed antagonistic activity against at least one of two pathogens (F. oxysporum and R. solani), of which 15 isolates showed activity against both fungi. Identification of isolates with highest activity using the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed bacterial strains belonged to different species Enterobacter ludwigii, Pseudomonas fulva, Bacillus subtilis, whereas 2 actinomycetes belonged to the genus Streptomyces: Streptomyces sp. and Streptomyces diastatochromogenes. Identification of the isolated fungus based on morphological characteristics and the 18S rRNA gene sequence revealed that this strain belonged to species Penicillium oxalicum. Our study revealed the potential of the indigenous microorganisms in preventing and controlling plant-pathogenic fungi.

Hormetic Effects of Dimethachlone on Mycelial Growth and Virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simin Hu ◽  
li jin li ◽  
Pengju Wang ◽  
Fuxing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Polygalacturonase Gene ◽  
Stimulation Amplitude

Fungicide hormesis has implications for the application of fungicides to control plant diseases. We investigated the hormetic effects of the dicarboximide fungicide dimethachlone on mycelial growth and virulence of the necrotrophic plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Dimethachlone at sublethal doses in potato dextrose agar (PDA) increased the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum. After the growth-stimulated mycelia were sub-cultured on fresh PDA and inoculated on rapeseed leaves, increased mycelial growth and virulence were observed, indicating that hormetic traits were passed down to the next generation. Dimethachlone applied to leaves at 0.002 to 500 μg/mL stimulated virulence, with a maximum stimulation amplitude (MSA) of 31.4% for the isolate HLJ4, which occurred at 2 μg/mL. Dimethachlone resistant isolates and transformants had a mean virulence MSA of 30.4%, which was significantly higher (P = 0.008) than the MSA for sensitive isolates (16.2%). Negative correlations were detected between MSA and virulence in the absence of any fungicide (r = -0.872, P < 0.001) and between MSA and mycelial growth on PDA (r = -0.794, P = 0.002). Studies on hormetic mechanisms indicated that dimethachlone had no significant effects on expression levels of three virulence-associated genes, i.e., a cutinase encoding gene SsCut, a polygalacturonase gene SsPG1, or an oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase gene SsOah1. The results will contribute to understanding hormesis and have implications for the judicious application of fungicides to control plant diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document