scholarly journals Accelerating a Technology Commercialization; with a Discussion on the Relation between Technology Transfer Efficiency and Open Innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyudi Sutopo ◽  
Rina Wiji Astuti ◽  
Retno Tanding Suryandari
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Production Function ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Technology Commercialization ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Technology Transfer Office ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices ◽  
Dea Efficiency ◽  
The University ◽  
Decision Making Units

Commercialization strategy is an all-encompassing plan that organizes technology transfer office goals to commercialize a university’s technologies. Measurement strategy requires feasible variables that make up those goals. This strategy also ensures that all variables that are important in measuring contribute to the larger goals. A useful way to assess and explain the effectiveness of the technology transfer office (TTO) of universities is to model this within a production function/frontier framework. Such a production function is typically estimated econometrically. This study presents evidence on the relative efficiency of research commercialization in the university through the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The implication of the DEA efficiency result is to derive the efficiency level of the TTO’s strategy from the observed performance. It also helps in identifying the benchmarking of other TTOs, which would be valuable information for improving their new technology commercialization strategy. In detail, a benchmark is provided to improve the weakness of strategy and resource allocation of a poorly performing TTO. The proposed matrix of indicators is an exploit of how performance could be measured within the decision-making units that have been chosen. By introducing the measure to commercialization strategy framework the development of technology transfer offices policies are considered.

Knowledge and Technology Transfer Support Potential of Intermediate Organizations

2015 ◽  
pp. 143-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kesting ◽  
Bernd Wurth
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
University Environment ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Knowledge And Technology Transfer ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
The University ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

This chapter aims at analyzing and optimizing the requirements of the internal environment regarding university-business cooperation (UBC). It focuses on university Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs), intermediate organizations embedded within the university environment. They support knowledge and technology transfer (KTT) activities, particularly the commercialization of research-based products. TTOs are supposed to accelerate and facilitate KTT from science into business practice. Although literature on university research commercialization highlights the relevance of transfer support by TTOs, empirical studies and KTT practice show that TTO services are used rather sparsely. Based on theoretical considerations and results of recent empirical studies on KTT, this chapter discusses two practice cases to derive indicators for a better exploitation of unused KTT support potential of TTOs. The results show that personal engagement aimed at a marketing service provider philosophy emerges as the key factor for fostering and intensifying cooperation between researchers and TTOs.

Case Studies of North American University Performance in Technology Transfer and Commercialization

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-51
Author(s):  
Alan Collier ◽  
Fang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
North American ◽  
University President ◽  
American University ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
University Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
Ability And Willingness

This chapter reports on case studies of four North American universities engaged in technology transfer and commercialization. The literature and case studies permitted an understanding of the characteristics possessed by universities and university technology transfer offices that appear to be successful in technology transfer and commercialization. Fourteen characteristics, or institutional enablers, are identified and analyzed in order to determine which among these characteristics have greater influence in the success of technology transfer offices. The chapter concludes that universities with superior-performing technology transfer offices possess two factors in common. First, the university President and other executives concerned in commercialization have to believe in it and make a genuine commitment to its success. Second, the technology transfer office has to be led by an individual who possesses several attributes: the ability and willingness to work within the university structure; the ability to be both an entrepreneur and a manager; the ability to see what is happening in technology transfer and commercialization as it evolves and matures; and to be a leader of people and business.

Information-based imitation of university commercialization strategies: The role of technology transfer office autonomy, age, and membership into an association

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Pitsakis ◽  
Claudio Giachetti
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
University Technology Transfer ◽  
Internal Source ◽  
Technology Transfer Office ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices ◽  
University Technology ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Successful Technology

We investigate whether university technology transfer offices, that is, divisions responsible for the commercialization of academic research, imitate their industry peers when designing their commercialization strategy. We borrow from information-based theories of imitation and the literature on academic entrepreneurship to argue that given a technology transfer office’s autonomy to strategize independently from its parent university, information from within and outside the technology transfer office affects its propensity to imitate the commercialization strategy of the “most successful peers,” that is, those with the largest live spinoff portfolio and greatest revenues from spinoffs in the industry. We contend that a technology transfer office’s experience, that is, a function of its age, represents a key internal source of information for the technology transfer office when deciding whether to imitate or not; we also consider the technology transfer office’s embeddedness in a network where the most successful peer is also a member as a key external source of information. From data on 86 British university technology transfer offices and their commercialization strategies between 1993 and 2007 that were drawn from both secondary sources and in-depth interviews with technology transfer office managers, we find that there is a negative relationship between technology transfer offices’ autonomy and their level of imitation of the most successful technology transfer office’s strategy, and that this relationship is moderated by the technology transfer offices’ age and by their membership into an association where the most successful technology transfer office is also a member.

scholarly journals Perspectives of University-Industry Technology Transfer in African Emerging Economies: Evaluating the Nigerian Scenario via a Data Envelopment Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Fadeyi ◽  
Petra Maresova ◽  
Ruzena Stemberkova ◽  
Micheal Afolayan ◽  
Funminiyi Adeoye
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Technology Transfer Office ◽  
Innovation Transfer ◽  
Using Data ◽  
University Industry ◽  
Infant Stage ◽  
Resource Input

All of Africa’s emerging economies are faced with developmental challenges, which can be partly ameliorated using effective University–Industry technology transfer. While technology transfer remains at the infant stage, sparsely documented, and with no complex ongoing processes in many African societies, Universities in Africa are making efforts in University–Industry collaborations aimed at bringing significant improvements to the continent in a bid to drive national innovation and regional economic development. In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the progress made so far by Nigerian Universities in technological innovation transfer, in order to suggest ways for possible future progress. To do this, crucial technology transfer resource factors (inputs), namely, the number of linkage projects funded by the “African Research Council” (ARC), consortium membership of the University’s technology transfer office, and the number of doctoral staff at the University’s technology transfer office, were checked against a set of performance measures (number of executed licenses, amount of licensing royalty income, number of spin-offs created, and the number of spin-offs created with university equity), using data envelopment analysis and multiple regression, respectively. Results suggest that Universities that possess better resource factors reported higher outputs on most of the performance indicators applied. In addition, it was observed that Universities with greater ability to effectively transfer knowledge had higher technology commercialization performance and financial sustainability. The implication of these results is that Universities in Africa need to develop in line with the technology transfer resource (input) factors suggested within this study, as this is the way to go for better performance.

Licensing, Partnering, Strategic Alliances and University Relationships

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Daniel Blakeslee
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
University Research ◽  
University Technology Transfer ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry

Abstract The biopharmaceutical industry has been undergoing change for a number of years and that change is accelerating.  Larger pharmaceutical companies are acquiring smaller ones, companies are merging, laboratories are being closed, and the number of scientists performing research in the pharmaceutical industry is declining.  Overall, commercial industry, including the biotechnology industry, is becoming more interested in the benefits of collaboration with research institutions.Universities are also changing their view of relationships with industry.  Shrinking federal budgets are causing universities to look at other sources of revenue, including collaborations with industry.  Federal and state governments are also looking closely at the benefits of sponsoring university research, and in particular are seeking to accelerate commercialization of university discoveries not only to obtain the benefit of invested research dollars, but also for economic development and job growth.  Universities, and in particular university technology transfer offices, must understand these changes and adapt to them. This paper discusses the university/industry relationships, and the particular issues important to universities which shape that interface. 

Commercialization of University Research for Technology-Based Economic Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
W. Ker Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
University Research ◽  
Technology Transfer Office ◽  
Federally Funded ◽  
Practice Model ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Commercialization Of University Research

This empirical study investigates the hypothesized relationship between US federally funded university research and development (R&D) and its resulting economic impact, as measured by the level of licensing revenue generated by US universities. The author also examines the key operating statistics of the top-ten licensing income-producing technology transfer offices in the USA to determine what may differentiate them from their counterparts in other institutions and whether there are identifiable traits within the data that could be incorporated into a best practice model for the rest of the industry. It is found that there is a small but statistically significant correlation between R&D spending and economic impact. However, university licence income is found to be more a function of the system-wide volume of R&D funding than individual technology transfer office behaviour.

scholarly journals The Technology Transfer Office (TTO): Toward a Viable Model for Universities in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020-12-10 (OLF) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilham Taouaf ◽  
◽  
Omar Elyoussoufi Attou ◽  
Said El Ganich ◽  
Moha Arouch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Technology Transfer Office ◽  
Third Mission ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Continued Education ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The University ◽  
Work Done

The link between the enterprise and the university in Morocco is positioned within the framework of what is commonly known as the “University’s Third-Mission”. This relationship is primarily concerned with continued education, consultancy, collaborative research and development (R&D) and technology transfer from the university to the enterprise. This third mission has been promoted by the university through the establishment of specialized structures such as university enterprise interfaces, incubators and technological information centres for invention patents. Also, several strategies and programs of incentives for innovation have been promoted by the public authorities to create a national system of innovation in Morocco. However, all these efforts failed to unleash and activate the potential of Moroccan universities. In this work, we will propose an effective and efficient institutional Technology Transfer (TT) policy backed up by a complete repository related to the establishing of the University Technology Transfer Office (UTTO). This proposal complements the work done in a previous paper, which assesses the different policies and programs within Moroccan universities, related to TT activities, and proposes a remodelling of the value chain of the process of technology transfer in the universities.

scholarly journals Models, Processes, and Roles of Universities in Technology Transfer Management: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Maresova ◽  
Ruzena Stemberkova ◽  
Oluwaseun Fadeyi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Academic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Management Of Technology ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry

Universities play pivotal roles when research findings are to be adopted commercially. Although these roles vary from one country to another, effective patenting and licensing procedures, as well as eventual commercialisation of scholarly inventions, reflect hard work on the part of the University mediating between the researcher and the industry through technology transfer offices (TTOs) in order to ensure that knowledge-developers take motivational and monetary credit for their findings. This paper details some existing models, processes, and roles taken up in some countries where sharing of intellectual property exists, and links it up with aspects of university–industry technology transfer, such as policies surrounding patenting, government investment and marketing, and the process of academic entrepreneurship, among others. 22 articles were found via a systematic review of literature and analysed with respect to four identified areas of focus: internal strategy, investment and market, academic entrepreneurship and policy. Based on models, processes, and roles in reviewed studies, our results indicate that new models for technology transfer mainly stem from the fact that there is no universally accepted model in the literature. Furthermore, management of technology transfer is mostly the responsibility of TTOs in most countries. While university TTOs act as intermediaries to protect the interest of the author/inventor, issues such as poor relationships between universities and industry, as well as funding, remain major challenges in many emerging economies. In contrast, researchers in western economies are mainly challenged by financial motivation and recognition within the academic domains.

Enhancing Commercialization Level of Academic Research Outputs in Research University

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Khademi ◽  
Kamariah Ismail ◽  
Chew Tin Lee ◽  
Arezou Shafaghat
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Research University ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Technology Transfer Office ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The University

The aim of this study was to improve the commercialization level in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). For achieving this goal various factors and issues were examined to identify how they affect the procedure of university commercialization. These factors include the role of technology transfer office /center, availability of finance, availability of potential licensee and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) among the university researchers. Among these four factors, this study focused more on EO among academic researchers and its effect on the commercialization rate. This study was based on a qualitative research method and was designed to use a case study approach. For investigating the factors and issues in this study, a total of ten face-to-face interviews were conducted. The respondents were chosen from inventors, researchers, academic entrepreneurs, and Technology Transfer Office staff in UTM. The researcher utilized the content-analysis approach to analyze the data obtained from the semi-structured interviews of the respondents. The results indicated that EO among the university researchers, the role of technology transfer office /center, the availability of potential licensee and availability of finance were significant to the research output commercialization at university. Overall, the most critical factor was availability of finance.

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