Analisis Desk Research Kebijakan Technology Transfer Office Sebagai Solusi Hambatan Teknologi Transfer di Lembaga Litbang Indonesia

Kiprah lembaga penelitian dan pengembangan milik pemerintah sudah ada sejak lama, baik unit yang berada di bawah kementerian atau perguruan tinggi maupun yang independen dalam struktur Lembaga Pemerintah Non Kementerian bidang Riset dan Teknologi (LPNK Ristek). Namun, panjangnya eksistensi LPNK Ristek dinilai tidak sejalan dengan output hasil litbang karena minimnya kontribusi LPNK Ristek dalam melakukan hilirisasi hasil kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan (litbang) ke para pengguna. Studi ini berupaya memberikan pemahaman mengenai bentuk desain kebijakan yang berangkat dari isu minimnya hilirisasi/komersialisasi hasil litbang di Indonesia dengan kebijakan transfer teknologi yang sudah ada dan mengusulkan alternatif kebijakan baru, yakni Technology Transfer Office (TTO) untuk menggantikan kebijakan yang lama. Pendekatan studi ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode desk research, di mana sumber data yang digunakan diperoleh melalui sumber sekunder dari dokumen tertulis, jurnal ilmiah, buku ilmiah, arsip, kebijakan atau regulasi yang terkait, dan penelusuran dari website lembaga terkait. Sumber data tersebut dipublikasikan dalam rentang waktu tahun 1996 hingga tahun 2020. Hasil dari studi ini menemukan ada tiga hambatan transfer teknologi di lembaga litbang Indonesia yakni minimnya pendanaan, terbatasnya kualitas dan kuantitas SDM, serta struktur kelembagaan yang kaku dan menghambat fungsi transfer teknologi. Studi ini juga merekomendasikan kebijakan TTO sebagai alternatif kebijakan transfer teknologi dengan empat instrumen utamanya yakni (1) dari aktivitas pemerintah yang terlibat, (2) struktur sistem penyampaian baik langsung atau tidak langsung, (3) derajat sentralisasi, dan (4) derajat automisasi dengan mekanisme pendanaan, SDM, dan kelembagaan berupa Badan Layanan Umum (BLU).

The Technology Transfer Office (TTO): Toward a Viable Model for Universities in Morocco

The link between the enterprise and the university in Morocco is positioned within the framework of what is commonly known as the “University’s Third-Mission”. This relationship is primarily concerned with continued education, consultancy, collaborative research and development (R&D) and technology transfer from the university to the enterprise. This third mission has been promoted by the university through the establishment of specialized structures such as university enterprise interfaces, incubators and technological information centres for invention patents. Also, several strategies and programs of incentives for innovation have been promoted by the public authorities to create a national system of innovation in Morocco. However, all these efforts failed to unleash and activate the potential of Moroccan universities. In this work, we will propose an effective and efficient institutional Technology Transfer (TT) policy backed up by a complete repository related to the establishing of the University Technology Transfer Office (UTTO). This proposal complements the work done in a previous paper, which assesses the different policies and programs within Moroccan universities, related to TT activities, and proposes a remodelling of the value chain of the process of technology transfer in the universities.

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OFFICE MODEL

At present creation of specialized organizational structure, the technology transfer office (TTO) in higher education institutions (HEIs) becomes increasingly important for establishing communication between scientists, business and the state and for implementation of the results of scientific and technical activities of higher education institutions in the real sector of the economy. Surveys of domestic and foreign scientists show that the issues of creating project offices (which in fact are TTOs) in HEIs remain insufficiently explored. Given this, the authors conducted a study of project management to create a TTO in a HEI. Efficient organizational project management requires the presence of Organizational Breakdown Structure. This article proposes an Organizational Breakdown Structure template, which clearly demonstrates the project team structure targeted at TTO creation in a HEI, the subordination and basic functions of each team member. In addition, the article proposes a model of organizational structure of the newly created TTO, which is also a template for HEI, and which defines the structure of the office staff, their subordination and main functions. To determine the location of the TTO in the structure of HEI, the article proposes a corresponding model that shows the subordination and connection of the office with other functional units of HEI. Using the models presented in the article, any HEI will be able to effectively manage the project of creating a TTO and as a result to create a project product - a TTO.

The Swiss Biotech Association (SBA) and Unitectra, the Joint Tech Transfer Organization of the Universities of Basel, Bern and Zurich – Two Organizations Initiated and Fostered by Oreste Ghisalba

Giving a voice to the small- and medium-sized biotech enterprises (SME) and putting Swiss biotechnology on the World map were important goals of Oreste Ghisalba when conceiving the Swiss Biotech Association (SBA). The SBA foundation was supported by the technology transfer office (TTO) Unitectra, which Ghisalba also initiated and which was instrumental in his endeavors to foster the collaboration between Swiss universities and the private sector. Laying the foundations for both the SBA and for Unitectra are major achievements of this visionary thinker.

Review of Available SW Solutions for Intellectual Property Management Systems from the Perspective of Open Innovation

This piece of research is focused on providing a review of the software solutions that exist when it comes to mechanisms that govern the management of intellectual property. It takes a deeper look at requirements within the university transfer office domain. Universities are a genuine source of knowledge. They have been identified not just as knowledge hubs but also as the spaces where innovations are born. These innovations then make their way into the market through the different industries they serve, becoming products that gain the attention of actual consumers. Given the magnitude of the innovations being developed in different universities around the world, it is imperative that mechanisms for the safety of this knowledge also be put into place. The world has evolved into a knowledge economy, where knowledge is an asset and something that can create profitability. This means that not protecting the knowledge that is being created can only lead to a loss in the future. Managing intellectual property, therefore, is not only a matter of procedure but one of great importance. Solutions that are easily accessible, cost-effective, and time-effective are essential. Thus, the goal of this article is to provide an overview of existing software (SW) solutions suitable for managing technology and knowledge transfer at universities based on requirements from the technology transfer office at university and specified using the model of the whole process from inventor until patent office. University Technology Transfer (TT) is a bit different in comparison to TT at companies. This gap is shown in the article using modelling of process, states, and class diagrams of a university Technology Transfer Office (TTO). Based on process definition and TTO responsibilities, a review of available SW solutions is done for 10 selected examples, as well as a related literature analysis. Findings and implications are summarized at the end of article in the context of specific needs of a university TTO, while major implications are shown as a problem of priority definition of every university TTO, namely, in the sense of value of SW solutions for intellectual property (IP) management, reporting possibilities, and representing IP and know-how.

Key Takeaways from "The Intersection of University Inventions and Recent Cases at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)"

This article provides a brief summary of the discussion, presentation, and knowledge shared during the Eight Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Inventors held in Houston, Texas, in April 2019. The panel, "The Intersection of University Inventions and Recent Cases at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)," focused on university inventions and the PTAB, with perspectives from a university technology transfer office, a PTAB administrative patent judge, and attorneys practicing before the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and in Federal District Court. The panel was led by Andrew Maas of Louisiana State University and included Kalyan Deshpande of the USPTO; Kyle Friesen of Shook, Hardy & Bacon; and Jay Yates of Patterson + Sheridan. The panel busted myths and provided helpful information and perspective on the PTAB.