scholarly journals Memorial Parking Trees: Resilient Modular Design with Nature-Based Solutions in Vulnerable Urban Areas

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Fortino Acosta ◽  
Stephen Haroon
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Design With Nature ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
New Variant

Nature-based solutions (NbS) include all the landscape’s ecological components that have a function in the natural or urban ecosystem. Memorial Parking Trees (MPTs) are a new variant of a nature-based solution composed of a bioswale and a street tree allocated in the road, occupying a space that is sub-utilised by parked cars. This infill green practice can maximise the use of street trees in secondary streets and have multiple benefits in our communities. Using GIS mapping and methodology can support implementation in vulnerable neighbourhoods. In this research, we based vulnerability assessments for London, Rio de Janeiro, and Los Angeles on the following three indicators: extreme temperature, air quality, and flood-prone areas. Evidence is emerging that disadvantaged populations may live at higher risks of exposure to environmental hazards [1]. The income and healthcare accessibility of neighbourhoods are the two indicators that will help us target these communities for a better and faster decision-making process. The contrast between the results and the 15-min city concept supports our detecting and prioritising neighbourhoods for MPTS implementation, among other NbS solutions integrated into a more inclusive and sustainable urban design.

scholarly journals Integración de los servicios ecosistémicos en la planificación urbana: los ríos urbanos

2017 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
María Perona Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Environmental Strategy ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

ResumenEsta investigación parte de la necesidad de poner el foco en los servicios que los ecosistemas pueden llegar a ofrecer en las áreas urbanas tomando en este caso, a los ríos como elemento clave en la planificación urbana. Desde este enfoque, se propone un análisis general de la relación entre el río, la ciudad y los ciudadanos, a través de las estrategias y técnicas de gestión de los entornos fluviales urbanos, los servicios ecosistémicos y el bienestar humano. Asimilando de este modo conceptos propios de la ecología y el urbanismo, y traduciéndolos a un lenguaje común y simplificado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la integración es la hoja de ruta a seguir en el camino hacia la ciudad habitable. Palabras clave  Servicios ecosistémicos, ecosistema urbano, río urbano, estrategia hidráulica, estrategia ambiental, bienestar humanoAbstractThis part of the investigation of the need to focus on the services that ecosystems can reach urban areas, taking in this case urban rivers as an important element in urban planning. From this approach, a general analysis of the relationship between the river, the city and the citizens is proposed, through the strategies and techniques of management of urban river environments, ecosystem services and human welfare. Assimilating, in this way, concepts proper to Ecology and Urbanism, and translating them into a common and simplified language. The results obtained from the integration of the road map to follow on the way to the habitable city. KeywordsEcosystem services, urban ecosystem, urban river, hydraulic strategy, environmental strategy, human welfare

Safety at Curves and Road Geometry Standards in Some European Countries

1996 ◽  
Vol 1523 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Brenac
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Standards ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
The Road ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Curve Geometry

This paper deals with safety at horizontal curves on two-lane roads outside urban areas and the way the road design standards of different European countries account for this safety aspect. After a review of some research results, the main aspects of curve geometry and the curve's place in the horizontal alignment are analyzed. The main conclusions are that the traditional design speed approach is insufficient and that formal complementary rules in road design standards, especially to improve compatibility between successive elements of the alignment, must be introduced. If such complementary rules already exist in some national standards, they are neither frequent nor homogeneous throughout the different countries, and it seems that they are not based on sufficiently developed knowledge.

scholarly journals RCVC: RSU-Aided Cluster-Based Vehicular Clouds Architecture for Urban Areas

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ben bezziane ◽  
Ahmed Korichi ◽  
Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache ◽  
Mohamed el Amine Fekair
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Side Unit ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
On The Road

As a promising topic of research, Vehicular Cloud (VC) incorporates cloud computing and ad-hoc vehicular network (VANET). In VC, supplier vehicles provide their services to consumer vehicles in real-time. These services have a significant impact on the applications of internet access, storage and data. Due to the high-speed mobility of vehicles, users in consumer vehicles need a mechanism to discover services in their vicinity. Besides this, quality of service varies from one supplier vehicle to another; thus, consumer vehicles attempt to pick out the most appropriate services. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol named RSU-aided Cluster-based Vehicular Clouds protocol (RCVC), which constructs the VC using the Road Side Unit (RSU) directory and Cluster Head (CH) directory to make the resources of supplier vehicles more visible. While clusters of vehicles that move on the same road form a mobile cloud, the remaining vehicles form a different cloud on the road side unit. Furthermore, the consumption operation is achieved via the service selection method, which is managed by the CHs and RSUs based on a mathematical model to select the best services. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of our protocol in terms of service discovery and end-to-end delay, where we achieved service discovery and end-to-end delay of 3 × 10−3 s and 13 × 10−2 s, respectively. Moreover, we carried out an experimental comparison, revealing that the proposed method outperformed several states of the art protocols.

scholarly journals Findings From the Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 823-824
Author(s):  
Mark Brennan-Ing ◽  
Michael Plankey ◽  
Deborah Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract In 1984, the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) was started to identify factors in the HIV epidemic related to disease risk and treatment progression among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in four urban areas in the US: Baltimore, MD/Washington, D.C.; Chicago, IL; Pittsburgh, PA, and Los Angeles, CA. MACS participants complete biannual study visits involving HIV testing, biometric screenings, and psychosocial data collection. In 2015 a MACS sub-study, the Understanding Patterns of Healthy Aging among MSM Project (HAMSM), was started to better understand resiliencies promoting well-being among MSM age 40 and older, including those with HIV. HAMSM has helped us to understand aging trajectories among MSM, and provides a unique combination of physiological and psychosocial data that can inform efforts to support MSM in healthy aging. This symposium will present emerging findings from the HAMSM study. Our first paper examines the relationships between psychological connection to the gay community (PSOC) and developmental regulatory strategies associated with health behaviors and more positive self-appraisals. The second paper examines how PSOC is related to HIV risk reduction behaviors, and if there are differences in such behaviors based on HIV status. Our third paper considers how self-perceptions of aging (age discrepancy, aging satisfaction) are related to frailty and frailty transitions, and if these relationships differ by HIV status. The final paper examines the relationship of social support to frailty among MSM by HIV status. Implications of these findings for research, policy, and programs targeting MSM will be discussed.

FPGA and ASIC implementation of the algorithm for traffic monitoring in urban areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Szczepański ◽  
M. Wöjcikowski ◽  
B. Pankiewicz ◽  
M. KŁosowski ◽  
R. Żaglewski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
The Road ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Account Due ◽  
Selection Of

FPGA and ASIC implementation of the algorithm for traffic monitoring in urban areas This paper describes the idea and the implementation of the image detection algorithm, that can be used in integrated sensor networks for environment and traffic monitoring in urban areas. The algorithm is dedicated to the extraction of moving vehicles from real-time camera images for the evaluation of traffic parameters, such as the number of vehicles, their direction of movement and their approximate speed. The authors, apart from the careful selection of particular steps of the algorithm towards hardware implementation, also proposed novel improvements, resulting in increasing the robustness and the efficiency. A single, stationary, monochrome camera is used, simple shadow and highlight elimination is performed. The occlusions are not taken into account, due to placing the camera at a location high above the road. The algorithm is designed and implemented in pipelined hardware, therefore high frame-rate efficiency has been achieved. The algorithm has been implemented and tested in FPGA and ASIC.

A new variant of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase in man: the Los Angeles variant

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. NG ◽  
W. R. BERGREN ◽  
G. N. DONNELL
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
New Variant

Toward CO2 and CH4 measurements by ground-based observations of surface-scattered sunlight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Hemmer ◽  
Christin Proß ◽  
Stanley P. Sander ◽  
Thomas J. Pongetti ◽  
Zhao-Cheng Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chem Phys ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Los Angeles Basin ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Extended Sources

<div> <div>Precise knowledge of sources and sinks in the carbon cycle is desired to understand its sensitivity to climate change and to account and verify man-made emissions. In this context, extended sources like urban areas play an important role. While in-situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) are highly accurate but localized, satellites measure column-integrated concentrations over an extended footprint. The CLARS-FTS [1, 2] stationed at the Mt. Wilson observatory looking downward into the Los Angeles basin has pioneered an innovative measurement technique that fills the sensitivity gap between in-situ and satellite measurements. The technique enables mapping the urban greenhouse gas concentration fields by collecting spectra of ground scattered sunlight and scanning through the region.</div> <div> </div> <div>Here, we report on progress developing a portable setup for a CLARS-FTS-like measurement geometry. The instrument is based on the EM27/SUN FTS with a modified pointing technique and a more sensitive detector. The retrieval algorithm is based on the RemoTeC software, previously employed for solar backscatter satellite measurements. We discuss first steps in terms of instrument performance and retrieval exercises. For the latter, we have carried out simulations on how the neglect of scattering by the retrieval affects the retrieved boundary layer concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> for an ensemble of hypothetical scenes with variable complexity in aeorsol loadings and viewing geometry. We also report on a test to apply RemoTeC to a small set of CLARS-FTS spectra collected throughout the Los Angeles basin.</div> <div> </div> <div><em>References</em></div> <div>[1] Fu, D. et al., 2014: Near-infrared remote sensing of Los Angeles trace gas distributions from a mountaintop site, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 713–729, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-713-2014</div> [2] Wong, K. W. et al., 2015: Mapping CH4 : CO2 ratios in Los Angeles with CLARS-FTS from Mount Wilson, California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 241–252, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-241-2015</div>

scholarly journals Household accessibility to heat refuges: Residential air conditioning, public cooled space, and walkability

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Fraser ◽  
Mikhail V Chester ◽  
David Eisenman ◽  
David M Hondula ◽  
Stephanie S Pincetl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Residential Air Conditioning ◽  
Walking Speeds

Access to air conditioned space is critical for protecting urban populations from the adverse effects of heat exposure. Yet there remains fairly limited knowledge of the penetration of private (home air conditioning) and distribution of public (cooling centers and commercial space) cooled space across cities. Furthermore, the deployment of government-sponsored cooling centers is likely to be inadequately informed with respect to the location of existing cooling resources (residential air conditioning and air conditioned public space), raising questions of the equitability of access to heat refuges. We explore the distribution of private and public cooling resources and access inequities at the household level in two major US urban areas: Los Angeles County, California and Maricopa County, Arizona (whose county seat is Phoenix). We evaluate the presence of in-home air conditioning and develop a walking-based accessibility measure to air conditioned public space using a combined cumulative opportunities-gravity approach. We find significant variations in the distribution of residential air conditioning across both regions which are largely attributable to building age and inter/intra-regional climate differences. There are also regional disparities in walkable access to public cooled space. At average walking speeds, we find that official cooling centers are only accessible to a small fraction of households (3% in Los Angeles, 2% in Maricopa) while a significantly higher number of households (80% in Los Angeles, 39% in Maricopa) have access to at least one other type of public cooling resource such as a library or commercial establishment. Aggregated to a neighborhood level, we find that there are areas within each region where access to cooled space (either public or private) is limited which may increase heat-related health risks.

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