scholarly journals An Overview of the Geomorphological Characteristics of the Pergamon Micro-Region (Bakırçay and Madra River Catchments, Aegean Region, West Turkey)

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Xun Yang ◽  
Fabian Becker ◽  
Daniel Knitter ◽  
Brigitta Schütt
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
The North ◽  
Parallel Change ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Engineering Measures ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Landscape Units ◽  
River Catchments

Current landforms are the basis for understanding past geomorphodynamics and human activities. Based on multiple materials and methods, including geomorphometric analyses of a digital elevation model and visual interpretations of satellite images, different landscape units of the Bakırçay and Madra River catchments in the environs of ancient Pergamon are described. The area was mainly shaped by tectonics that formed a horst-and-graben structure; small Miocene horsts and NE-trending subgrabens in the Kozak and Yunt Dağı Mountains were separated by the NEE-trending Plio-Pleistocene Bergama Graben. The asymmetry in relief, drainage network, and sediment accumulation between the Kozak Mountains to the north and the Yunt Dağı Mountains to the south of the lower Bakırçay plain characterize the Pergamon Micro-Region. The regional relief characteristics, with wide flat basin and plateau areas, are suitable for agriculture. Complemented by its richness in natural resources, the Pergamon Micro-Region became a preferred settlement area, with evidence of human impact since the Hellenistic–Roman period at the latest. As a consequence of settlement activities, several landscape engineering measures were implemented simultaneously with a parallel change in morphodynamics.

scholarly journals Glacial debris cover and melt water production for glaciers in the Altay, Russia

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mayer ◽  
A. Lambrecht ◽  
W. Hagg ◽  
Y. Narozhny
Keyword(s):  
Ice Melt ◽  
The North ◽  
Altay Mountains ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Glacier Runoff ◽  
Debris Cover ◽  
Continuous Mass ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Elevation Model

Abstract. Glaciers are important water storages on a seasonal and long-term time scale. Where high mountains are surrounded by arid lowlands, glacier runoff is an important source of water during the growing season. This situation can be found in the Altay mountains in Southern Siberia, where the recent glacierization of >700 km2 is subject to continuous mass loss, even though the shrinking is comparably slow. The glacier retreat is accompanied by an extension of supra-glacial moraine, which itself strongly influences ablation rates. To quantify these effects, the spatial evolution of debris cover since 1952 was analysed for three glaciers in the North Chuya Ridge using satellite and airborne imagery. In summer 2007, an ablation experiment was carried out on debris covered parts of Maliy Aktru glacier. Thermistors in different depths within the moraine provided data to calculate thermal resistance of the debris. A set of ablation stakes was installed at locations with differing debris thickness and observed regularly throughout the entire melt season. Air temperature from an AWS was used to calculate degree day factors in dependence of the debris thickness. To take into account the shading effect of surrounding walls and peaks, the potential solar radiation and its evolution throughout the summer was determined from a digital elevation model. This allows us to extrapolate our measurements from Maliy Aktru to the other two glaciers of the Aktru basin and to estimate basin melt rates. In addition accumulated ice melt was derived for 12 glaciers in the North Chuya Range. Changes in summer runoff from the 1960s are compared to the results from our melt model and the evolution of debris cover is analysed in respect to the melt activity.

scholarly journals Environmental classification of administrative units of the Ukrainian Carpathians

2014 ◽  
pp. 245-253
Author(s):  
Ivan Kruhlov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Environmental Classification ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Digital Elevation Data ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Elevation Model

Boundaries of 43 administrative units (raions and oblast towns) were digitized and manually rectified using official schemes and satellite images. SRTM digital elevation data were used to calculate mean relative elevation and its standard deviation for each unit, as well as to delineate altitudinal bioclimatic belts and their portions within the units. These parameters were used to classify the units via agglomerative cluster analysis into nine environmental classes. Key words: cluster analysis, digital elevation model, geoecosystem, geo-spatial analysis.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Digital Elevation Model-Based Slope Stability Assessment on Managed Forestland in the Oregon Coast Range

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Marvin R. Pyles ◽  
Mari Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Stability Assessment ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The North ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Abstract An aerial photo-based inventory of landslides on recently harvested and reforested land after a significant landslide-producing storm in February 1996, was compared with a digital elevation model-based assessment of slope stability (shallow landsliding stability model [SHALSTAB]) for Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians (CTSI) and surrounding forestland. The SHALSTAB predictions of landslide locations did not correlate well with the locations of observed landslides. Eighty-nine percent of the landslides on the more stable landform in the southern portion of the CTSI ownership occurred on land that SHALSTAB indicated to be at a low risk of landsliding. Seventy-two percent of the landslides on the less stable landform to the north occurred on land that SHALSTAB indicated to be at a low risk of landsliding. Conversely, only 11 and 28%, respectively, of the observed landslides occurred on lands predicted to be “chronically unstable” or at “high risk” by SHALSTAB. This level of correct prediction of landsliding was judged to be unacceptable for SHALSTAB to be used for slope stability assessment as a part of forest management planning. West. J. Appl. For. 21(4):195–202.

scholarly journals Fusion Analysis of Optical Satellite Images and Digital Elevation Model for Quantifying Volume in Debris Flow Disaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Miura
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Erosion Depth ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Fusion Analysis ◽  
Optical Satellite Images ◽  
Debris Flow Disaster

Rapid identification of affected areas and volumes in a large-scale debris flow disaster is important for early-stage recovery and debris management planning. This study introduces a methodology for fusion analysis of optical satellite images and digital elevation model (DEM) for simplified quantification of volumes in a debris flow event. The LiDAR data, the pre- and post-event Sentinel-2 images and the pre-event DEM in Hiroshima, Japan affected by the debris flow disaster on July 2018 are analyzed in this study. Erosion depth by the debris flows is empirically modeled from the pre- and post-event LiDAR-derived DEMs. Erosion areas are detected from the change detection of the satellite images and the DEM-based debris flow propagation analysis by providing predefined sources. The volumes and their pattern are estimated from the detected erosion areas by multiplying the empirical erosion depth. The result of the volume estimations show good agreement with the LiDAR-derived volumes.

scholarly journals Geodetic work at the archaeological site Tell el-Retaba

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Eva Stopková
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Modern Technologies

The paper summarizes the geodetic contribution for the Slovak team within the joint Polish-Slovak archaeological mission at Tell el-Retaba in Egypt. Surveying work at archaeological excavations is usually influenced by somewhat specific subject of study and extreme conditions, especially at the missions in the developing countries. The case study describes spatial data development according to the archaeological conventions in order to document spatial relationships between the objects in excavated trenches. The long-term sustainability of surveying work at the site has been ensured by detailed metadata recording. Except the trench mapping, Digital Elevation Model has been calculated for the study area and for the north-eastern part of the site, with promising preliminary results for further detection and modelling of archaeological structures. In general, topographic mapping together with modern technologies like Photogrammetry, Satellite Imagery, and Remote Sensing provide valuable data sources for spatial and statistical modelling of the sites; and the results offer a different perspective for the archaeological research.

scholarly journals New discoveries on astronomical orientation of Inca site in Ollantaytambo, Peru

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Karolína Hanzalová ◽  
Jaroslav Klokočník ◽  
Jan Kostelecký
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Machu Picchu ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Temple

<p>This paper deals with astronomical orientation of Incas objects in Ollantaytambo, which is located about 35 km southeast from Machu Picchu, about 40 km northwest from Cusco, and lies in the Urubamba valley. Everybody writing about Ollantaytambo, shoud read Protzen. (1)  He devoted his monograph to description and interpretation of that locality. Book of Salazar and Salazar (2) deals, among others, with the orientation of objects in Ollantaytambo with respect to the cardinal direction. Zawaski and Malville (3) documented astronomical context of major monuments of nine sites in Peru, including Ollantaytambo. We tested astronomical orientation in these places and confirm or disprove hypothesis about purpose of Incas objects. For assessment orientation of objects we used our measurements and also satellite images on Google Earth and digital elevation model from ASTER. The satellite images were used to estimate the astronomical-solar-solstice orientation, together with terrestrial images from Salazar and Salazar (2). The digital elevation model is useful in the mountains, where we need the actual horizon for a calculation of sunset and sunrise on specific days (solstices), which were for Incas people very important. We tested which astronomical phenomenon is connected with objects in Ollantaytambo. First, we focused on Temple of the Sun, also known the Wall of six monoliths.  We tested winter solstice sunrise and the rides of the Pleiades for the epochs 2000, 1500 and 1000 A.D. According with our results the Temple isn´t connected neither with winter solstice sunrise nor with the Pleiades. Then we tested also winter solstice sunset. We tried to use the line from an observation point near ruins of the Temple of Sun, to west-north, in direction to sunset. The astronomical azimuth from this point was about 5° less then we need. From this results we found, that is possible to find another observation point. By Salazar and Salazar (2) we found observation point at the corner (east rectangle) of the pyramid by <em>Pacaritanpu,</em> down by the riverside. There is a line connecting the east rectangular “platform” at the river, going along the Inca road up to vicinity of the Temple of the Sun and then in the direction to the Inca face. Using a digital elevation model we found the astronomical azimuth, which is needed for confirm astronomical orientation of the Temple. So, finally we are able to demonstrate a possibility of the solar-solstice orientation in Ollantaytambo.</p>

scholarly journals Land classification based on hydrological landscape units

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4381-4425
Author(s):  
S. Gharari ◽  
F. Fenicia ◽  
M. Hrachowitz ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Landscape Classification ◽  
Surface Slope ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
New Type ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Landscape Units

Abstract. This paper presents a new type of hydrological landscape classification based on dominant runoff mechanisms. Three landscape classes are distinguished: wetland, hillslope and plateau, corresponding to three dominant hydrological regimes: saturation excess overland flow, storage excess sub-surface flow, and deep percolation. Topography, geology and land use hold the key to identifying these landscapes. The height above the nearest drain (HAND) and the surface slope, which can be readily obtained from a digital elevation model, appear to be the dominant topographical parameters for hydrological classification. In this paper several indicators for classification are tested as well as their sensitivity to scale and sample size. It appears that the best results are obtained by the simple use of HAND and slope. The results obtained compare well with field observations and the topographical wetness index. The new approach appears to be an efficient method to "read the landscape" on the basis of which conceptual models can be developed.

scholarly journals Monitoring Deformasi Gunung Merapi Menggunakan Citra Sentinel-1A Dengan Menggunakan Metode DInSAR (Studi Kasus: Gunung Merapi, Jawa Tengah)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Rian Nurtyawan ◽  
Lady Suci Utami
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Deformation Method ◽  
Differential Interferometry ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Image Pairs ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Deformation Map

ABSTRAKIndonesia mempunyai 127 gunung api aktif yang tersebar dari Sabang sampai Merauke. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya pemantauan aktivitas gunung api yang dapat digunakan untuk acuan mitigasi bencana. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deformasi, metode deformasi merupakan perubahan bentuk, posisi, dan dimensi dari suatu benda. Tujuan dari pemantauan deformasi ini untuk mengetahui perubahan gunung api yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas gunung api. Pemantauan aktivitas gunung api metode deformasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan citra Sentinel-1A yang diolah dengan teknologi Differential Interferometry SAR (DInSAR). Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengolahan dengan teknologi DInSAR metode two-pass dari empat buah citra satelit sentinel-1A 10 Januari 2018, 27 Februari 2018, 10 Mei 2018 dan 22 Januari 2019 serta data Digital Elevation Model (DEM) SRTM dengan ketelitian 30 meter .Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu peta deformasi pra 1 erupsi yang diolah dari pasangan citra 10 Januari 2018 dengan citra 27 Februari 2018 yang menghasilkan deflasi sebesar -0,12 meter, dan peta deformasi pra 2 erupsi yang diolah dari pasangan citra 27 Februari 2018 dan 10 Mei 2018 menghasilkan deflasi sebesar -0,27 meter serta peta pasca erupsi yang diolah dari pasangan citra 10 Mei 3018 dan 22 Januari 2019 menghasilkan deflasi sebesar -0,194 meter.Kata kunci: Deformasi, Gunung Merapi, Sentinel-1A, DInSAR. ABSTRACT Indonesia has 127 active volcanoes spread over from Sabang to Merauke. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor volcanic activity that can be used as a reference for disaster mitigation. In this study, deformation method was used to reflect a change in the shape, position, and dimensions of an object. The purpose of monitoring this deformation is to find out volcanic changes caused by volcanic activity. Monitoring the volcanic activity of the deformation method is carried out using Sentinel-1A images processed with Differential Interferometry SAR (DInSAR) technology. In this research, two-pass method of DInSAR technology was processed using four sentinel-1A satellite images on January 10, 2018, February 27, 2018, May 10, 2018 and January 22, 2019 and SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data with 30 meters accuracy. This research processed pre-eruption deformation map from the 10 January 2018 imagery pair with the 27 February 2018 image which resulted in a deflation of 0.12 meters. Pre- eruption 2 deformation map was processed from the 27 February 2018 and 10 May 2018 image pairs and resulted in a deflation of 0.27 meters while post-eruption map processed from the 10 May 3018 and 22 January 2019 image pairs resulted in deflation of 0.194 meters.Keywords: Deformation, Merapi Mountain, Sentinel-1A, DinSAR.

scholarly journals Off-Road Trafficability for Military Operations Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3425-3437
Author(s):  
M. Nazish Khan ◽  
◽  
M. Kashif ◽  
A. Shah ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Topographic Wetness Index ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
North Western

This study has been carried out in the Pathankot region, having strategic importance in terms of military operations. It explores the ability of remote sensing and GIS in assessing off-road trafficability which is integral part of terrain intelligence. Number of thematic layers has been prepared using Sentinal -2 satellite images and PALSAR Digital Elevation Model (DEM) viz. LULC, Slope, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Terrain Roughness Index (TRI) and ground conditions to assess the potential of off-road trafficability in the study area for military operations. Results clearly depict that most of the region is suitable for off-road movement. However, north western part is showing less suitability. Keywords PALSAR; Multi-criteria Decision Analysis; AHP; Trafficability

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