scholarly journals Spatial Spillover Effects of Agricultural Transport Costs in Peru

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Pedro Herrera-Catalán ◽  
Coro Chasco ◽  
Máximo Torero
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Spatial Spillovers ◽  
Structure Changes

The role of agricultural transport costs in core-periphery structures has habitually been ignored in New Economic Geography (NEG) models. This is due to the convention of treating the agricultural good as the numéraire, thus implying that agricultural transportation costs are assumed to be zero in these models. For more than three decades, this has been the standard setting in spatial equilibrium analysis. This paper examines the effects of agricultural transport costs on the spatial organisation of regional structures in Peru. In doing so, Krugman’s formulation of iceberg transport costs is modified to introduce agricultural transport costs into the dynamic of the NEG models. We use exploratory spatial flow data analysis methods and non-spatial and spatial origin-destination flow models to explore how the regional spatial structure changes when real transportation data for agricultural goods are included into the iceberg transport costs formulation. We show that agricultural transport costs generate flows that are systematically associated with flows to or from nearby regions generating thus the emergence of spatial spillovers across Peruvian regions. The results of the paper support the contention that NEG models have overshadowed the role of agricultural transport costs in determining the spatial configuration of economic activities.

scholarly journals Spatial Spillover Effects of Agricultural Transport Costs in Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Herrera-Catalán ◽  
Coro Chasco ◽  
Máximo Torero
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
New Economic Geography ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Spatial Spillovers

The role of agricultural transport costs in core-periphery structures has habitually been ignored in New Economic Geography (NEG) models. This is due to the convention of treating the agricultural good as the numéraire, thus implying that agricultural transportation costs are assumed to be zero in these models. For more than three decades, this has been the standard setting in spatial equilibrium analysis. The paper examines the effects of agricultural transport costs on the spatial organisation of regional structures in Peru. In doing so, the Krugman’s formulation of iceberg transport costs is modified to introduce the agricultural transport costs into the dynamic of the NEG models. We use exploratory spatial flow data analysis methods and non-spatial and spatial origin-destination flow models to explore how the regional spatial structure change when real transportation data for agricultural goods is included into the iceberg transport costs formulation. We show that agricultural transport costs generate flows that are systematically associated with flows to or from nearby regions generating thus the emergence of spatial spillovers across Peruvian regions. The results of the paper support the contention that NEG models have overshadowed the role of agricultural transport costs in determining the spatial configuration of economic activities.

scholarly journals Does Finance Industry Lead Real Economic Activities? Analysis of Industry Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Yong-Cheol Kim ◽  
Gabjin Oh
Keyword(s):  
Information Source ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Finance Industry ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Leading Industry ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The analysis of network of 30 US industries shows the leading role of finance industry. Following are major findings and observations: 1) we show that leading industry in economy changes over time as the U.S. industry structure changes over time. Finance industry plays a leading role of net information source over the sample period of 1930-2014, and the importance of finance industry starts to dominate from 1975. 2) Even when finance industry is not ranked as the strongest source of information, the finance industry dominates in the industry network when the net information flows are adjusted by the value added of finance in the GDP. 3) Differences of strength of directed connectedness (ASDC) of source and sink industries signal potential disturbance in the network of industries.

scholarly journals Spatial matching on the urban labor market: estimates with unique micro data

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Wozniak
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Spatial Panel ◽  
Spatial Spillovers ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
Matching Process

AbstractIn the paper, we investigate spatial relationship on the labor market of Poznań agglomeration (Poland) with unique data on job vacancies. We have developed spatial panel models to assess the search and matching process with a particular focus on spatial spillovers. In general, spatial models may provide different findings than regular panel models regarding returns to scale in matching technology. Moreover, we have identified global spillover effects as well as other factors that impact the job-worker matching. We underline the role of data on job vacancies: the data retrieved from commercial job portals produced much more reliable estimates than underestimated registered data.

Beyond the Social Determinants of Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Laura Hall ◽  
Urpi Pine ◽  
Tanya Shute
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
People First

Abstract This paper will reflect on key findings from a Summer 2017 initiative entitled The Role of Culture and Land-Based Healing in Addressing and Ending Violence against Indigenous Women and Two-Spirited People. The Indigenist and decolonizing methodological approach of this work ensured that all research was grounded in experiential and reciprocal ways of learning. Two major findings guide the next phase of this research, complicating the premise that traditional economic activities are healing for Indigenous women and Two-Spirit people. First, the complexities of the mainstream labour force were raised numerous times. Traditional economies are pressured in ongoing ways through exploitative labour practices. Secondly, participants emphasized the importance of attending to the responsibility of nurturing, enriching, and sustaining the wellbeing of soil, water, and original seeds in the process of creating renewal gardens as a healing endeavour. In other words, we have an active role to play in healing the environment and not merely using the environment to heal ourselves. Gardening as research and embodied knowledge was stressed by extreme weather changes including hail in June, 2018, which meant that participants spent as much time talking about the healing of the earth and her systems as the healing of Indigenous women in a context of ongoing colonialism.

scholarly journals Investment Portfolio, Democratic Accountability, Poverty and Income Inequality Nexus in Pakistan: A Way to Social Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6411
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Hassan ◽  
Haider Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim Saeed ◽  
Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb ◽  
Noman Arshed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Short Run

Institutions help to streamline the economic activity-related procedures, where government intervention might be involved. Institutions also play a significant role in social sustainability. The findings using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to cointegration for the period from 1984–2019 reveal that investment portfolio and democratic accountability reduce poverty in Pakistan both in the long and short run. Moreover, democratic accountability helps to reduce income inequality, but the investment portfolio’s role is not significant. The literacy rate helps to reduce income inequality, and inflation increases poverty and income inequality. The remittances increase income inequality, and urbanization increases poverty. To eradicate poverty and income inequality, the governments should be accountable for their actions to the general public while they remain in power. If they do not deliver as per their manifestoes, they will not be reelected in the next election. Moreover, there is a dire need to redefine the role of an investment portfolio to reduce the risk of investment. So, investments would increase economic activities and could reduce poverty and income inequality. This study contributes to the literature by inquiring about the role of the investment portfolio and democratic accountability in social sustainability by reducing poverty and income inequality. This study only considers Pakistan’s economy due to limitations of poverty data availability in other countries. The scope could further be broadened by accessing data for a wider Asia region to test the role of the investment portfolio and democratic accountability to reduce poverty and income inequality.

Democracy and deforestation: The role of spillover effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 102398
Author(s):  
Michael Cary ◽  
Festus Victor Bekun
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effects

scholarly journals Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions to the Wage Equation of Dixit-Stiglitz-Krugman Model with No Restriction on Transport Costs

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Tabata ◽  
Nobuoki Eshima
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Nonlinear Operator ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Wage Equation ◽  
Discrete Equation ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Uniqueness Of Solutions ◽  
Double Nonlinear

In spatial economics, the distribution of wages is described by a solution to the wage equation of Dixit-Stiglitz-Krugman model. The wage equation is a discrete equation that has a double nonlinear singular structure in the sense that the equation contains a discrete nonlinear operator whose kernel itself is expressed by another discrete nonlinear operator with a singularity. In this article, no restrictions are imposed on the maximum of transport costs of the model and on the number of regions where economic activities are conducted. Applying Brouwer fixed point theorem to this discrete double nonlinear singular operator, we prove sufficient conditions for the wage equation to have a solution and a unique one.

scholarly journals Temporary events and spaces in the Swedish primary art market

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Jansson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Art Market ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Art Exhibition ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

AbstractTraditionally, the art market is associated with specific cities or art districts; typically there are internationally renowned locations like Paris, New York and Berlin. However, taking a closer look at the art markets, it is rather the temporal dimensions that are striking. Art market actors (e. g. artists, critics, gallerists, buyers, collectors, curators) are gathering in temporary locations and at temporary events such as art exhibition openings, art fairs, auctions, performances and vernissages. Within economic geography literature, the role of temporary spaces and events has been increasingly discussed in relation to economic activities and their performance, efficiency and creativity. An important insight gained in this literature is how temporary events, despite their short-lived existence, create microcosms of an industry or sector. Some temporary events even gather enough resources, skills and power to become field-configuring. In this paper, the primary art market will be discussed from the theoretical perspectives of value-making processes, temporary spaces and events, and field-configuring events. More specifically, the study focuses on temporary spaces important to galleries involved in selling and promoting primary art and artists. It focuses on how temporary spaces constitute both a characteristic feature of the art market and important spaces for creating both cultural and economic values. Empirically, this paper is based on a study of the Swedish primary art galleries and in particular it deals with primary art galleries located in Stockholm, and studies how they use temporary spaces and events in creating both cultural and economic values to themselves, the artists and their artworks. Three empirical examples characteristic to primary art galleries are examined; the opening, the art fair and the mobile art district.

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