From Contrary to Complementary Models: Central Places and Gateways in the South-Eastern Provence (Arles and Marseille)

This paper applies the concepts of gateways and centrality, formerly opposing approaches to spatial planning, by now a powerful merged tool for archaeologists, to understand the dynamics of the evolution of cities and settlements in a long-term perspective. The samples are the two main port cities in South-Eastern Provence (France), Marseille and Arles. By means of several archaeological markers it will be shown how natural landscapes and political control influenced the fate of the economic development of both cities in Greco-Roman times. Therefore, this study focuses on the aspects of trade and administration encompassing the functionality of the ports as trans-shipment centers, the impact of political interference as well as the supply and exchange of long distance and local/regional products. Within this research framework, Marseille emerged as a static gateway for its service area with a distinct perspective on Mediterranean trade. Arles, however, was the main gateway for the whole Rhône corridor in Roman times due to its strategic location in an area characterized by a variety of landscapes and the promotion of politics as a port of the annona. The data presented here aim to reject the frequently used narrative of an ongoing competition between Arles and Marseille in favor of a more nuanced picture of economic interactions and overlapping trading networks.

Download Full-text

Zoom fatigue wśród nastolatków

10.13166/wsge/ped/crik8157 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 167-178

Author(s):

Ewa Pudłowska

Keyword(s):

Distance Learning ◽

School Psychologist ◽

Social Phenomenon ◽

Stanford University ◽

Social Changes ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Long Distance ◽

School Activities ◽

The Impact

The aim of this study is to analyze a new social phenomenon that appeared during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, i.e. zoom fatigue. Zoom fatigue is the result of fatigue from long-term conferences, which can also be related to long-term school lessons during distance learning. The main considerations will focus on teenagers, namely on the impact of zoom fatigue on teenagers in Polish schools and on observation of students from technical secondary schools by a school psychologist. This paper, based on the results of research conducted at Stanford University and by Social Changes, is also an attempt to answer the questions: what risks may arise from the phenomenon of zoom fatigue and the threat posed by distance learning for teenagers in the era of Covid-19. It will also attempt to answer the question of how to help students cope with the fatigue of long distance school activities and find ways to help teens deal with isolation and the negative effects of zoom fatigue and find ways to overcome zoom fatigue.

Download Full-text

The growth of trade among the Igbo before 1880

The Journal of African History ◽

10.1017/s0021853700011439 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 217-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

David Northrup

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Slave Trade ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Economic Institutions ◽

Long Distance ◽

Regional Trade ◽

Early Date ◽

South Eastern ◽

Niger River ◽

Trading Networks

The peoples of south-eastern Nigeria have been involved in trade for as long as there are any records. The archaeological sites at Igbo-Ukwu and other evidence reveal long distance trade in metal and beads, as well as regional trade in salt, cloth, and beads at an early date. The lower Niger River and its Delta featured prominently in this early trade, and evidence is offered to suggest a continuity in the basic modes of trade on the lower Niger from c. A.D. 1500 to the mid-nineteenth century. An attempt to sketch the basic economic institutions of the Igbo hinterland before the height of the slave trade stresses regional trading networks in salt, cloth, and metal, the use of currencies, and a nexus of religious and economic institutions and persons. It is argued that while the growth of the slave trade appears to have been handled without major changes in the overall patterns of trade along the lower Niger, in the Igbo hinterland a new marketing ‘grid’, dominated by the Arochuku traders, was created using the pre-existent regional trading networks and religious values as a base.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Water Quality in Indo-Gangetic Plain of South-Eastern Asia under Organic vs. Conventional Rice Farming

Water ◽

10.3390/w12040960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 960

Author(s):

Debjani Sihi ◽

Biswanath Dari ◽

Zhengjuan Yan ◽

Dinesh Kumar Sharma ◽

Himanshu Pathak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Basmati Rice ◽

Conventional Farming ◽

Eastern Asia ◽

Gangetic Plain ◽

South Eastern ◽

The Impact ◽

Indo Gangetic Plain

Water contamination is often reported in agriculturally intensive areas such as the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in south-eastern Asia. We evaluated the impact of the organic and conventional farming of basmati rice on water quality during the rainy season (July to October) of 2011 and 2016 at Kaithal, Haryana, India. The study area comprised seven organic and seven conventional fields where organic farming has been practiced for more than two decades. Water quality parameters used for drinking (nitrate, NO3; total dissolved solids (TDS); electrical conductivity (EC) pH) and irrigation (sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC)) purposes were below permissible limits for all samples collected from organic fields and those from conventional fields over the long-term (~15 and ~20 years). Importantly, the magnitude of water NO3 contamination in conventional fields was approximately double that of organic fields, which is quite alarming and needs attention in future for farming practices in the IGP in south-eastern Asia.

Download Full-text

Impact of Strategic Locations on Customer Dynamics in Business Outlets: A Case by Observation Method

10.51430/ijirp.2021.12.005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 37-47

Author(s):

Md. Zohurul Anis ◽

Ahasanul Haque ◽

Nur Fariza Binti Mustofa ◽

Md. Faisal-E-Alam

Keyword(s):

Marketing Mix ◽

Consumer Experience ◽

Strategic Location ◽

Retail Location ◽

The Subject ◽

Observation Method ◽

Key Indicators ◽

Customer Dynamics ◽

The Impact

This paper investigated the impact of strategic location, a retailer's most expensive and long-term marketing mix choice, on customer dynamics. The researchers used two aspects of retail location to estimate consumer spending at a multinational café franchisee in the metropolitan area of Malaysian capital. A qualitative observation method has been applied to collect the data and analyzed it systematically. Several factors including proximity to customers, i.e. trip times, and closeness to other shops, i.e. agglomeration are measured. Both are key indicators of customer spending and, as a result, revenue for the business. Furthermore, across retail forms, location effects are diverse and frequently asymmetric. Rush hour times to a retailer's general outlet have a significantly larger effect on customer dynamics than they do on other outlets, according to the findings. Retailers are increasingly focusing on providing a better consumer experience. However, there has been a scarcity of comparable academic study on the subject. The researchers addressed particular factors in this study, emphasizing those that need further investigation.

Download Full-text

Eritrea’s Chosen Trauma and the Legacy of the Martyrs: The Impact of Postmemory on Political Identity Formation of Second-Generation Diaspora Eritreans

Africa Spectrum ◽

10.1177/0002039720977495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 19-38

Author(s):

Nicole Hirt

Keyword(s):

Identity Formation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Political Identity ◽

Media Analysis ◽

Social Media Analysis ◽

Long Distance ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Long Term Observation ◽

The Impact

In the collective memory of Eritreans, the liberation struggle against Ethiopia symbolises the heroic fight of their fallen martyrs against oppression. After independence, the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front created an autocratic regime, which is adored by many second-generation diaspora Eritreans living in democracies. I engage with bodies of literature exploring the political importance of collective trauma in post-conflict societies and apply two theoretical notions, “postmemory” and “chosen trauma,” to explain how the government’s narrative of Eritrean history produced a culture of nationalism through the glorification of the martyrs. This narrative and the trauma experienced by their parents created experiences of postmemory among the second-generation diaspora that have influenced their worldview. I demonstrate how Eritrean pro-government activists utilise US-born artists who recently discovered their Eritreanness, such as Tiffany Haddish, to instil long-distance nationalism. The article is based on a social media analysis, long-term observation of Eritrean diaspora communities, and recent fieldwork.

Download Full-text

Augmenting Performance: Vocal Activity Compared to Presence in the Social Facilitation of Running

Journal of Student Research ◽

10.47611/jsrhs.v9i1.1160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Humza Malik ◽

Kate Flowers

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Social Facilitation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Short Term ◽

School Students ◽

Long Distance ◽

Sports Team ◽

Verbal Encouragement ◽

The Impact

Objective The impact of encouragement on performance has been observed in the setting of exercise, but further research is necessary in running. To compare the improvement in pace experienced by subjects of different backgrounds (from a running team, non-running sports team, or no sports team) as a result of active (verbal encouragement) and passive social facilitation, this study was conducted. Method Eighteen male high school students, age 17.3±0.75 years were recruited for this study, six from each background listed above. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: external verbal encouragement (EVE), without external verbal encouragement (WEVE), or no presence. Improvement in pace after the introduction of a social facilitator was recorded along with overall consistency in pace. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.10. Results A significant improvement in short-term pace among subjects from a running team was generated by EVE, t(1) = -5.198, p = 0.0605, and no presence generated a significant improvement in short-term pace among subjects from a non-running sports team, t(1) = -5, p = 0.0669. EVE also generated a significant improvement in long-term pace among subjects from a running team, t(1) = -5.069, p = 0.0620. A conclusion on consistency was not reached. Conclusion Verbal encouragement saw to long-term and short-term improvement in pace of subjects selected from a running team, while the lack of presence assisted the short-term performance of subjects selected from non-running sports teams. Results obtained offer potential to impact competitive long-distance running.

Download Full-text

CHARACTERISATION OF LONG-TERM DEMAND ON FRENCH MOTORWAYS FOR LONG-DISTANCE MOBILITY OF EVS AND EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT ON FRENCH DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

10.1049/icp.2021.1931 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

F. Robin ◽

A. Bouorakima

Keyword(s):

Distribution Networks ◽

Long Distance ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000033 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Beat Meier ◽

Anja König ◽

Samuel Parak ◽

Katharina Henke

Keyword(s):

Memory Trace ◽

Thought Suppression ◽

Test Phase ◽

Indirect Test ◽

Final Test ◽

Test Experiment ◽

And Control ◽

Cue Words ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Download Full-text