scholarly journals Regional Socioeconomic Changes Affecting Rural Area Livelihoods and Atlantic Forest Transitions

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon F. B. da Silva ◽  
Mateus Batistella ◽  
Emilio F. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes

Centuries of colonization of the Atlantic Forest biome in Brazil have led its native vegetation cover to be reduced to only 11.7%. On the other hand, regional land changes have fostered natural forest regeneration, since the 1960s, in the region of Paraíba Valley. A fieldwork survey in rural properties was conducted in three municipalities (n = 90, thirty in each municipality), to assess how forest transition is affected by the region’s socioeconomic development and biophysical dimensions of the landscape. To select the municipalities among thirty-four, we applied the modified Thompson Tau technique to detect outlier values for three selected variables: Natural forest cover, eucalyptus plantation cover, and municipal revenue. The outliers were dropped from consideration and the municipality with the maximum value for each variable was selected. Based on the survey and GIS analysis using land-cover maps, topography, and hydrology variables, we concluded that the diminished land-use pressure in the Paraíba Valley, a response to the regional economic development (e.g., increasing labor demand in urban areas pushing rural migration), resulted in the increase of the Atlantic forest cover. Interestingly enough, a counter-migration of people moving to rural areas as a newly valued amenity has the potential to reshape the rural landscape with positive outcomes to the Atlantic forest cover.

scholarly journals Relief influence on the spatial distribution of the Atlantic Forest cover on the Ibiúna Plateau, SP

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG. Silva ◽  
JP. Metzger ◽  
S. Simões ◽  
C Simonetti
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Slope Orientation

Several studies suggest that, on a large scale, relief conditions influence the Atlantic Forest cover. The aim of this work was to explore these relationships on a local scale, in Caucaia do Alto, on the Ibiúna Plateau. Within an area of about 78 km², the distribution of forest cover, divided into two successional stages, was associated with relief attribute data (slope, slope orientation and altitude). The mapping of the vegetation was based on the interpretation of stereoscopic pairs of aerial photographs, from April 2000, on a scale of 1:10,000, while the relief attributes were obtained by geoprocessing from digitalized topographic maps on a scale of 1:10,000. Statistical analyses, based on qui-square tests, revealed that there was a more extensive forest cover, irrespective of the successional stage, in steeper areas (>10 degrees) located at higher altitudes (>923 m), but no influence of the slope orientation. There was no sign of direct influence of relief on the forest cover through environmental gradients that might have contributed to the forest regeneration. Likewise, there was no evidence that these results could have been influenced by the distance from roads or urban areas or with respect to permanent preservation areas. Relief seems to influence the forest cover indirectly, since agricultural land use is preferably made in flatter and lower areas. These results suggest a general distribution pattern of the forest remnants, independent of the scale of study, on which relief indirectly has a strong influence, since it determines human occupation.

scholarly journals Global assessment of rural–urban interface in Portugal related to land cover changes

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1647-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marj Tonini ◽  
Joana Parente ◽  
Mário G. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Cover Class

Abstract. The rural–urban interface (RUI), known as the area where structures and other human developments meet or intermingle with wildland and rural area, is at present a central focus of wildfire policy and its mapping is crucial for wildfire management. In the Mediterranean Basin, humans cause the vast majority of fires and fire risk is particularly high in the proximity of infrastructure and of rural/wildland areas. RUI's extension changes under the pressure of environmental and anthropogenic factors, such as urban growth, fragmentation of rural areas, deforestation and, more in general, land use/land cover change (LULCC). As with other Mediterranean countries, Portugal has experienced significant LULCC in the last decades in response to migration, rural abandonment, ageing of population and trends associated with the high socioeconomic development. In the present study, we analyzed the LULCC occurring in this country in the 1990–2012 period with the main objective of investigating how these changes affected RUI's evolution. Moreover, we performed a qualitative and quantitative characterization of burnt areas within the RUI in relation to the observed changes. Obtained results disclose important LULCC and reveal their spatial distribution, which is far from uniform within the territory. A significant increase in artificial surfaces was registered near the main metropolitan communities of the northwest, littoral-central and southern regions, whilst the abandonment of agricultural land near the inland urban areas led to an increase in uncultivated semi-natural and forest areas. Within agricultural areas, heterogeneous patches suffered the greatest changes and were the main contributors to the increase in urban areas; moreover, this land cover class, together with forests, was highly affected by wildfires in terms of burnt area. Finally, from this analysis and during the investigated period, it appears that RUI increased in Portugal by more than two-thirds, while the total burnt area decreased by one-third; nevertheless, burnt area within RUI doubled, which emphasizes the significance of RUI monitoring for land and fire managers.

scholarly journals Genetics of Euglossini bees (Hymenoptera) in fragments of the Atlantic Forest in the region of Viçosa, MG

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Waldschmidt ◽  
L. A. Lopes ◽  
P. Marco Jr. ◽  
L. A. O. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Eulaema Nigrita ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Successional Stages

With uncontrolled deforestation, forest fragments remain, which in most cases are in different stages of regeneration and present isolated populations. In the present study we analyzed the genetic patterns of Eulaema nigrita populations in seven Atlantic Forest fragments of different sizes and successional stages in the region of Viçosa, MG. This was done by RAPD molecular markers. We observed that the area of the fragments had no effect on the genetic variability of E. nigrita in the direction predicted by meta-population models. Medium-sized well-preserved woods presented the lowest variability, whereas large and small woods were statistically identical. The evidence supports the notion that rural areas present greater dispersal among fragments, implying greater similarity between the populations of fragments located in rural areas when compared to fragments in urban areas.

scholarly journals Estimating Long-Term Care Costs among Thai Elderly: A Phichit Province Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattaraporn Khongboon ◽  
Sathirakorn Pongpanich
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background. Rural-urban inequality in long-term care (LTC) services has been increasing alongside rapid socioeconomic development. This study estimates the average spending on LTC services and identifies the factors that influence the use and cost of LTC for the elderly living in urban and rural areas of Thailand. Methods. The sample comprised 837 elderly aged 60 years drawn from rural and urban areas in Phichit Province. Costs were assessed over a 1-month period. Direct costs of caregiving and indirect costs (opportunity cost method) were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine which factors affected LTC costs. Results. The total annual LTC spending for rural and urban residents was on average USD 7,285 and USD 7,280.6, respectively. Formal care and informal care comprise the largest share of payments. There was a significant association between rural residents and costs for informal care, day/night care, and home renovation. Conclusions. Even though total LTC expenditures do not seem to vary significantly across rural and urban areas, the fundamental differences between areas need to be recognized. Reorganizing country delivery systems and finding a balance between formal and informal care are alternative solutions.

scholarly journals Assessment of geosites in northern Morocco: diversity and richness with potential for socioeconomic development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil SALHI ◽  
Mohamed Rida Alilou ◽  
Sara Benabdelouahab ◽  
Josep Vila Subiros ◽  
Pere Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Rif Belt ◽  
Southern Mediterranean

Despite the importance of geoheritage as an interdisciplinary geo-based topic, it is poorly documented as a tool of harmonious socioeconomic development and territorial strategic planning. The promotion of this natural resource in rural areas of the southern Mediterranean may strengthen social resilience and consolidate management strategies if it is conducted according to a responsible and sustainable approach that takes account of local specificities. Here, an exhaustive, multi-criteria and qualitative assessment of the geomorphological sites of the large Alpine Rif belt was established to assess their scientific and additional values based on a widely adopted score ranking method. Later, it was established a restricted list of the most outstanding sites based on qualitative conditions. This list contains 39 sites which may be linked in three thematic geocircuits to serve as gathering points for initiatives and development projects. We anticipate that this may create an economic diversity to revive a social fabric capable of satisfying its needs and expectations, reducing the gap and inequalities between disadvantaged rural areas upstream and industrialized urban areas downstream, and inspiring a benign and balanced development.

scholarly journals Current situation and development of the bee-keeping sector in Hungary

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
László Kárpáti ◽  
Zsolt Csapó ◽  
Georgina Árváné Ványi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Product Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
The European Union

Rural development has become more and more important issue in Hungary since rural areas also contribute to the efficiency of the national economy. Development of rural areas also very important issue in the European Union, which could contribute to the improvement of profitability of small family businesses, higher employment rate in rural areas as well as slow down the migration of people from rural into urban areas. Nowadays the bee-keeping– as one of the activities can provide alternative income for small businesses in rural areas– has become more and more important topic in Hungary. Bee-keeping sector provides income roughly 15 thousands families in Hungary. At the same time it takes important role in the preservation of rural landscape, traditions and their regional values. However, the sector has serious problems, as well (for instance quality issues, competitors on the market, etc.). It can be stated that the market position of Hungarian honey can be preserved through the improvement of quality assurance and product development. These developments can be carried out by the utilization of national and European Union funds.

scholarly journals Study on the Level and Type Identification of Rural Development in Wuhan City’s New Urban Districts

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Jiang ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
Lingling Tian ◽  
Qingqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Urban Districts

A quantitative analysis of rural development is required to comprehend the spatial differentiation of a rural area and promote rural sustainable development under the pressure of urbanization and industrialization, especially areas with dramatic changes in rural socioeconomic development of China and other developing countries. Taking Wuhan as the case study, this paper developed an index system including rural settlement, land, industry and human settlement environment for evaluating the level of rural development. Then, using the exploratory spatial data analysis, the principal component analysis and the cluster analysis, this paper analyzes the spatial differentiation and correlation and categorizes the types of rural development. The results are as follows. (1) The spatial differentiation of the level of rural development in Wuhan City’s new urban districts is obvious and the areas with a high level of rural development are mainly distributed at the intersection of the new and central urban areas and gradually decrease outward. (2) There is a significant spatial agglomeration of the developed rural areas and the structure of the spatial change in these areas resembles a certain continuity, specifically a circle of “central heat surrounding cold”. (3) Rural development in the new urban areas can be divided into the following five types: the ecological leisure type, the traditional farming type, the balanced development type, the industrial-and-agricultural mixed type and the industrial promotion type. The corresponding development path is proposed in combination with different types of rural development to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for rural revitalization.

A re-emerging Atlantic forest? Urbanization, industrialization and the forest transition in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANDRA R. BAPTISTA ◽  
THOMAS K. RUDEL
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Transition ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis

During the second half of the twentieth century, southern Brazil underwent rapid industrialization and urbanization. In earlier historical periods in Europe and North America, these trends have contributed to a forest transition in which deforestation gives way to forestation. In a developing country, like Brazil, with a more skewed income distribution and a larger rural underclass, industrialization and urbanization may not give rise to a forest transition. These competing theoretical expectations were tested with data on forest cover change from the Brazilian censuses of 1970 through 1995/1996 for the state of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil. The analyses show forestation replacing deforestation between 1975 and 1980. An increase in the extent of planted forests close to urban areas explains the turnaround in forest cover trends. Because the planted forests contain relatively few native plant species, the expansion of these forests does not ease the biodiversity crisis. The re-emerging second Atlantic forest represents a smaller, less diverse and degraded version of the first Atlantic forest.

scholarly journals Dynamiques spatiales et mobilités à Akonolinga (Cameroun)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (28) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Mediebou Chindji ◽  
Otsomotsi Mbida Alain Martin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Impact

La ville d’Akonolinga, comme presque toutes les villes camerounaises, est le théâtre des dynamiques spatiales ces trente dernières années. Les conditions et le cadre de vie de cette petite ville ainsi que les activités économiques se sont considérablement dégradées. Ce constat semble être relayé par les déclarations des personnes ayant vécues à Akonolinga dans les années 1990 qui se désolent de la situation peu reluisante de cette ville jadis prospère et vivante. La présence des migrants constitue une donnée fondamentale dans l’analyse de cette situation. Ceuxci proviennent non seulement des campagnes environnantes, mais aussi de la quasi-totalité des régions administratives du Cameroun. Ces arrivées croissantes et continues ont des conséquences socio-économiques et environnementales. L’objectif de ce travail est de mettre en évidence l’impact de l’immigration sur la dynamique spatiale et l’accroissement de la pauvreté à Akonolinga. La méthodologie est centrée autour des enquêtes socio-économiques auprès de 342 ménages ; des interviews, des observations de terrain et la consultation de la littérature liée au thème en question. Les résultats montrent que les quartiers périphériques ont bénéficié de l’apport démographique des immigrants installés dans les quartiers centraux et péricentraux à leur arrivée. Ces migrants investissent dans les activités économiques des services et participent de fait à la création des richesses à Akonolinga. De nombreuses mesures ont été mises en œuvre pour limiter les déplacements des populations des zones rurales vers les zones urbaines. Ces mesures ont eu des résultats mitigés justifiant ainsi leur évaluation en vue de définir des politiques et programmes plus adaptés et à même de promouvoir un développement socioéconomique équilibré entre les villes et les campagnes.   During the last thirty years, socio-spatial dynamics have been observed in the urban space of Akonolinga. The conditions and living environment of this small town and its economic activities have deteriorated considerably. This observation seems to be relayed by the statements of people who lived in Akonolinga in the 1990s who are sorry for the poor condition of this once prosperous and lively city. Indeed, despite this situation, this city continued to welcome migrants. These come not only from the surrounding countryside, but also from almost all the administrative regions of Cameroon. These growing and continuous arrivals have multifarious consequences. The purpose of this work is to highlight the impact of immigration on spatial dynamics and increasing poverty in Akonolinga. The hypothetico-deductive method was mobilized and survey and census data were used for spatial and statistical analyzes. The results show that the outlying districts benefited from the demographic contribution of the immigrants settled in the central and pericentral districts on their arrival. Many measures have been implemented to limit the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. These measures have had mixed results, justifying their evaluation with a view to defining more appropriate policies and programs that can promote balanced socioeconomic development between cities and the countryside.

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