scholarly journals Comparison of the Characteristics of Fly Ash Generated from Bio and Municipal Waste: Fluidized Bed Incinerators

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudassar Azam ◽  
Saman Setoodeh Jahromy ◽  
Waseem Raza ◽  
Florian Wesenauer ◽  
Karolina Schwendtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled

European solid waste incinerator plants still primarily use grate furnace technology, although circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology is steadily expanding. Therefore, few investigations have reported on the environmental assessment of fly ash from fluidized incinerators. This research project aims to integrate information on fly ash derived from the combustion of municipal solid waste (FA1) and biomass (FA2) in fluidized bed incinerator facilities. Fly ash samples were comparatively analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to study the mineralogy, morphology, total heavy metal content, and leaching behavior, respectively. The analysis revealed that the two types of fly ash differ in their characteristics and leaching behavior. The concentration of most of the heavy metals in both is low compared to the literature values, but higher than the regulatory limits for use as a soil conditioner, whereas the high contents of Fe, Cu, and Al suggest good potential for metal recovery. The leaching ability of most elements is within the inert waste category, except for Hg, which is slightly above the non-hazardous waste limit.

Cd2+ and Cr3+ Cation Immobilization by Using Geopolymer Based on PT. IPMOMI Fly Ash

2016 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzah Fansuri ◽  
I’Is M. Anisatun ◽  
Anif Fatmawati ◽  
Wahyu Prasetyo Utomo ◽  
Warih Supriadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Heavy Metal Cations ◽  
Geopolymer Paste

This study investigates the immobilization of Cd2+ and Cr3+ by using geopolymer paste based on PT. IPMOMI fly ash. The best composition of geopolimers paste was determined based on the highest magnitude of its 7 days compressive strength. Geopolymer pastes were prepared by varying SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/SiO2 molar ratio of the starting materials. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were employed to examined these compositions. The molar ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 6.46 was found to produce the highest compressive strength of the resulting geopolymer paste, i.e 25 MPa and increased to 33.17 MPa by adjusting the ratio of Na2O/SiO2 to 0.65. Cd2+ and Cr3+ cations were added into geopolymers resin at the level of 1000 – 16000 ppm (mg/kg fly ash) and it was found to improve their compressive strength. The addition of 4000 ppm of Cd2+ increased the compressive strength to 38.6 MPa while the inclusion of 6800 ppm of Cr3+ reached 47.83 MPa. Further addition of cations reduced these values and the lowest compressive strength was observed on the addition of 16000 ppm of Cd2+ and Cr3+, i.e 8.65 MPa and 4.39 MPa, respectively. Leaching test was conducted by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and the distribution of heavy metal cations were examined by using SEM-EDX. The results showed that geopolymer pastes were able to immobilize Cr3+ at the studied level as there was no trace of Cr3+ detected after 6.5 hours of leaching. Geopolymer pastes were also found to completely immobilize Cd2+ at the level of 1000 ppm albeit the addition of 16000 ppm results in 6.26% leached out of this cation.

scholarly journals Using SEM-EDX and ICP-OES to Investigate the Elemental Composition of Green MacroalgaVaucheria sessilis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Michalak ◽  
Krzysztof Marycz ◽  
Katarzyna Basińska ◽  
Katarzyna Chojnacka
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Analytical System

The biomass ofVaucheria sessilisforms algal mats in many freshwaters. There is a need to find the method of algal biomass utilization.Vaucheria sessilisis a rich source of micro- and macronutrients and can be used as a soil amendment. In the paper, the elemental composition of enriched, via bioaccumulation process, macroalga was investigated. For this purpose, two independent techniques were used: scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray analytical system (SEMEDX) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The biomass was exposed to two microelemental solutions, with Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions. After two weeks of the experiment, macroalga accumulated 98.5 mg of Zn(II) ions in 1 g of dry biomass and 68.9 mg g−1of Cu(II) ions. Micrographs performed by SEM proved that bioaccumulation occurred. Metal ions were bound on the surface and in the interior of cells. Mappings of all cations showed that in the case of the surface of biomass (biosorption), the elements constituted aggregations and in the case of the cross section (bioaccumulation) they were evenly distributed. The algal biomass with permanently bound microelements can find an application in many branches of the industry (feed, natural fertilizers, etc.).

scholarly journals Characterization of Fly Ash Generated from Matla Power Station in Mpumalanga, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1788-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olushola S. Ayanda ◽  
Olalekan S. Fatoki ◽  
Folahan A. Adekola ◽  
Bhekumusa J. Ximba
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Power Station ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

In this study, fly ash was obtained from Matla power station and the physicochemical properties investigated. The fly ash was characterized by x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Surface area, particle size, ash and carbon contents, pH, and point of zero charge were also measured. The results showed that the fly ash is alkaline and consists mainly of mullite (Al6Si2O13) and quartz (SiO2). Highly toxic metals As, Sb, Cd, Cr, and Pb as well as metals that are essential to health in trace amounts were also present. The storage and disposal of coal fly ash can thus lead to the release of leached metals into soils, surface and ground waters, find way into the ecological systems and then cause harmful effect to man and its environments.

GROWTH AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO3 CRYSTALS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 1487-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEXIA FAN ◽  
HONGTAO LI ◽  
LIANCHENG ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Ir Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Congruent Ce (0.1 wt %): Cu (0.05 wt %): LiNbO 3 single crystals doped with 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 mol% MgO respectively were grown by the Czochrolski method in air along the C direction. The inductively coupled plasma optical emission/mass spectrometry (ICP-OE/MS), the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the differential thermal analysis (DTA), the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra and the infrared (IR) absorption spectrum were measured and discussed in terms of the spectroscopic characterization and the defect structure of the Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO 3 crystals. The results indicated that the Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO 3 crystal grown from the congruent composition melt showed large [ Li ]/[ Nb ] ratios, which was closer to stoichiometry, an increase in the Curie temperature and a non-linear shift in the absorption edge with MgO concentration increasing. The threshold concentration of MgO in Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO 3 of nearly 5.52 mol% was estimated.

scholarly journals Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1957-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Wojnarowicz ◽  
Sylwia Kusnieruk ◽  
Tadeusz Chudoba ◽  
Stanislaw Gierlotka ◽  
Witold Lojkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Initial State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
State Present

Zinc oxide nanopowders doped with 1–15 mol % cobalt were produced by the microwave solvothermal synthesis (MSS) technique. The obtained nanoparticles were annealed at 800 °C in nitrogen (99.999%) and in synthetic air. The material nanostructure was investigated by means of the following techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), helium pycnometry density, specific surface area (SSA), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and with magnetometry using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Irrespective of the Co content, nanoparticles in their initial state present a similar morphology. They are composed of loosely agglomerated spherical particles with wurtzite-type crystal structure with crystallites of a mean size of 30 nm. Annealing to temperatures of up to 800 °C induced the growth of crystallites up to a maximum of 2 μm in diameter. For samples annealed in high purity nitrogen, the precipitation of metallic α-Co was detected for a Co content of 5 mol % or more. For samples annealed in synthetic air, no change of phase structure was detected, except for precipitation of Co3O4 for a Co content of 15 mol %. The results of the magentometry investigation indicated that all as-synthesized samples displayed paramagnetic properties with a contribution of anti-ferromagnetic coupling of Co–Co pairs. After annealing in synthetic air, the samples remained paramagnetic and samples annealed under nitrogen flow showed a magnetic response under the influences of a magnetic field, likely related to the precipitation of metallic Co in nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of Na-P1 (GIS) zeolite using a kaolinitic rock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Novembre ◽  
Domingo Gimeno ◽  
Alessandro Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Abstract This work focuses on the hydrothermal synthesis of Na-P1 zeolite by using a kaolinite rock coming from Romana (Sassari, Italy). The kaolin is calcined at a temperature of 650 °C and then mixed with calculated quantities of NaOH. The synthesis runs are carried out at ambient pressure and at variable temperatures of 65 ° and 100 °C. For the first time compared to the past, the Na-P1 zeolite is synthesized without the use of additives and through a protocol that reduces both temperatures and synthesis times. The synthesis products are analysed by X-ray diffraction, high temperature X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The cell parameters are calculated using the Rietveld method. Density and specific surface area are also calculated. The absence of amorphous phases and impurities in synthetic powders is verified through quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods.The results make the experimental protocol very promising for an industrial transfer.

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