scholarly journals Characterization of Fly Ash Generated from Matla Power Station in Mpumalanga, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1788-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olushola S. Ayanda ◽  
Olalekan S. Fatoki ◽  
Folahan A. Adekola ◽  
Bhekumusa J. Ximba
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Power Station ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

In this study, fly ash was obtained from Matla power station and the physicochemical properties investigated. The fly ash was characterized by x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Surface area, particle size, ash and carbon contents, pH, and point of zero charge were also measured. The results showed that the fly ash is alkaline and consists mainly of mullite (Al6Si2O13) and quartz (SiO2). Highly toxic metals As, Sb, Cd, Cr, and Pb as well as metals that are essential to health in trace amounts were also present. The storage and disposal of coal fly ash can thus lead to the release of leached metals into soils, surface and ground waters, find way into the ecological systems and then cause harmful effect to man and its environments.

scholarly journals Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the No. 5-2 High-Sulfur Coal from the Dongpo Mine, Weibei Coalfield, Shaanxi, North China, with Emphasis on Anomalies of Gallium and Lithium

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin ◽  
Cao ◽  
Wei ◽  
Wang ◽  
Liu
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Northern China ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Taiyuan Formation ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Geological Factors ◽  
Felsic Volcanic

This paper reports the mineral compositions and geochemical characteristics of the No. 5-2 high-sulfur coal (Taiyuan Formation) from Dongpo Mine, Weibei Coalfield, Shaanxi, Northern China via transmitted and reflected light microscopy, scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). We also confirmed the input of intermediate-felsic volcanic ashes into the Taiyuan Formation coals in Dongpo Mine, Weibei Coalfield. The results show that Dongpo coals are enriched in Ga and Li compared to the average values for world hard coals, and they are depleted in Al2O3 compared to Chinese coals. The coal low temperature ash contains kaolinite, illite, quartz, calcite, pyrite, and to a lesser extent, chlorite, plagioclase, dolomite, ankerite, and apatite. The concentration anomalies of Ga and Li in No. 5-2 high-sulfur coal were not caused by the Benxi Formation Bauxite, but by the influence of multiple geological factors. The Middle Proterozoic moyite from the Yinshan Oldland led to the slightly higher Ga and Li contents of the No. 5-2 coal than those in world hard coals. Input of synchronization volcanic ash, injection of hydrothermal fluids during the syngenetic or early diagenetic stages and influence of seawater further contributed to the Ga and Li enrichment of the No. 5-2 coal.

scholarly journals Fe-Containing MOFs as Seeds for the Preparation of Highly Active Fe/Al-SBA-15 Catalysts in the NAlkylation of Aniline

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhadmhan ◽  
Marquez-Medina ◽  
Romero ◽  
Reubroycharoen ◽  
Luque
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

We have successfully incorporated iron species into mesoporous aluminosilicates (AlSBA15) using a simple mechanochemical milling method. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), pyridine (PY) and 2,6-dimethylpyridine (DMPY) pulse chromatography titration, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The catalysts were tested in the N-alkylation reaction of aniline with benzyl alcohol for imine production. According to the results, the iron sources, acidity of catalyst and reaction conditions were important factors influencing the reaction. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance, achieving 97% of aniline conversion and 96% of imine selectivity under optimized conditions.

scholarly journals Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Uxue Sanchez-Garmendia ◽  
Javier G. Iñañez ◽  
Gorka Arana
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions

Ancient ceramics recovered after a long burial period have probably undergone several alterations and contaminations, introducing a chemical variability, affecting the ceramic’s natural variability. That is, the chemical and the mineralogical compositions of the ceramic pastes after their deposition will not be the same as they originally were. Therefore, it is known that the alteration and contamination processes, and the discrimination of some elements, should be considered when studying the ceramics to avoid incorrect interpretations about their provenance, technology and the use of the artefact, as well as its proper preservation. In the present work, the authors performed an experimental approach in order to study the alterations and contaminations that occurred in 60 ceramic cylinders buried in two different underwater environments. Once the pieces were taken out from the water environments, they were characterized by a multi-analytical approach. For this purpose, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) and Raman spectroscopy were used. Newly formed minerals of different forms have been identified, with different crystallization grades. Some examples are the needles, flakes, sponges and long and short prisms composed of several elements such as Ca, F, S and O.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Structural and Optical Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Doped by (Ce, Yb) Dedicated to Photonic Conversion

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Zobair El Afia ◽  
Mohamed Youssef Messous ◽  
Mohamed Cherkaoui ◽  
Mounia Tahri
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Co Precipitation

The synthesis of TiO2 co-doped by (Ce, Yb) rare earth couple has been realized. This couple of rare earth can convert a high-energy photon to two low energy photons to enhance the energy efficiency of silicon solar cells. The undoped, 2% Ce doped- and (2% Ce, 4% Yb) Codoped- Titanium oxide were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The Infrared spectroscopy FTIR-ATR analysis indicates a continuous visible absorption in the 750–400 cm–1 region, confirming the formation of a titanium-oxygen bond. The X-Ray Diffraction characterization showed the dominance of the rutile crystalline phase with the presence of anatase one and the calculated crystallite size is between 7 to 13 nm. The X-Ray Fluorescence confirms the insertion of the dopants while the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ICP-MS showed the ratio 2 between Ce and Yb concentration. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated that Ce/Yb doped titanium was thermally stable. The absorption in the UV-visible (200 and 1000 nm) has been improved proportionally with the dopants.

scholarly journals Chemical and Phase Reactions on the Contact between Refractory Materials and Slags, a Case from the 19th Century Zn-Pb Smelter in Ruda Śląska, Poland

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kupczak ◽  
Rafał Warchulski ◽  
Mateusz Dulski ◽  
Dorota Środek
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical And Phase Compositions ◽  
The 19Th Century

Slags from the historic metallurgy of Zn-Pb ores are known for unique chemical and phase compositions. The oxides, silicates, aluminosilicates, and amorphous phases present therein often contain in the structure elements that are rare in natural conditions, such as Zn, Pb, As. The study focuses on processes occurring on the contact of the melted batch and the refractory materials that build the furnace, which lead to the formation of these phases. To describe them, chemical (X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) and petrological ((X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro-analyses (EPMA), Raman spectroscopy) analyses were performed on refractory material, slag, and contact of both. Two main types of reactions have been distinguished: gas/fluid- refractories and liquid- refractories. The first of them enrich the refractories with elements that migrate with the gas (Pb, K, Na, As, Zn) and transport the components building it (Fe, Mg, Ca) inward. Reactions between melted batch and refractory materials through gravitational differentiation and the melting of refractories lead to the formation of an aluminosilicate liquid with a high content of heavy elements. Cooling of this melt causes crystallization of minerals characteristic for slag, but with a modified composition, such as Fe-rich pyroxenes, Pb-rich K-feldspar, or PbO-As2O3-SiO2 glass.

scholarly journals The Effect of Skelp Thickness on Precipitate Size and Morphology for X70 Microalloyed Steel Using Rietveld Refinement (Quantitative X-ray Diffraction)

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Corentin Chatelier ◽  
J. Wiskel ◽  
Douglas Ivey ◽  
Hani Henein
Keyword(s):  
Rietveld Refinement ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Precipitate Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Size And Morphology

Precipitates in thin-walled (11 mm) and thick-walled X70 (17 mm) microalloyed X70 pipe steel are characterized using Rietveld refinement (a.k.a. quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD)), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. Rietveld refinement is done to quantify the relative abundance, compositions, and size distribution of the precipitates. EDX and ICP analyses are undertaken to confirm Rietveld refinement analysis. The volume fraction of large precipitates (1 to 4 μm—mainly TiN rich precipitates) is determined to be twice as high in the thick-walled X70 steel (0.07%). Nano-sized precipitates (<20 nm) in the thin-walled steel exhibit a higher volume fraction (0.113%) than in the thick-walled steel (0.064%). The compositions of the nano-sized precipitates are similar for both steels.

scholarly journals Investigations of the relics and altar materials relating to the apostles St James and St Philip at the Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli in Rome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaare Lund Rasmussen ◽  
Johannes van der Plicht ◽  
Jacopo La Nasa ◽  
Erika Ribechini ◽  
Maria Perla Colombini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Ceramic Shard ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
The Church

AbstractTwo types of materials were sampled as part of an investigation of the relics of the Holy Catholic Church of the Apostles St Philip and St James in the Basilica dei Santi Apostoli in Rome: bone- and mummy-materials and architectural samples. The analyses encompassed radiocarbon dating, thermoluminescence dating, gas and liquid chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection, X-Ray fluorescence, X-Ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the samples were subjected to a number of conservational and exhibition-related treatments. The alleged femoral bone of St James was dated between AD 214 and 340 (2σ confidence), which shows that this cannot be the bone of St James. An encrustation found in a canal in the reliquary in the high altar construction showed the presence of heavily oxidized rapeseed oil, which was radiocarbon dated between AD 267 and 539 (2σ confidence), and a ceramic shard also found in the high altar construction was TL-dated to AD 314–746 (2σ confidence). The two latter dates are consistent with a translation of the relics following the erection of the church at the time of Pope Pelagius I in AD 556–561.

scholarly journals Application of Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Methods for Chemical Characterization of an Ayurvedic Herbo-Mineral Preparation: Maha Yograja Guggulu

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 215658721775176
Author(s):  
Arjun Singh ◽  
Sarada Ota ◽  
Narayan Srikanth ◽  
Ruknuddin Galib ◽  
Sreedhar Bojja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Rasa Shastra is an exclusive branch of ayurveda that uses processed metals and minerals in various combinations. Though the formulations are time tested, safety and quality concerns are being raised since the past two decades. In view of this, it becomes mandatory to generate quality control profiles of such formulations by following available parameters. Considering this, we attempted to develop standard manufacturing procedures of Maha Yogaraja Guggulu and generate preliminary physicochemical profiles using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The results from high-performance thin-layer chromatography revealed presence of organic constituents from plant material. X-ray diffraction indicated that the prepared drug contained cinnabar (mercury sulfide; Rasa sindhura), cassiterite (tin oxide; Vanga bhasma), litharge (lead oxide; Naga bhasma), and iron dioxide and magnetite (di-iron oxide; Loha and Mandura bhasma). The observations of the present study are preliminary and first of its kind that may be considered as baseline data for future studies.

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