scholarly journals Self-Heating Graphene Nanocomposite Bricks: A Case Study in China

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Zhuo Tang ◽  
Dong Lu ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Xianming Shi ◽  
Jing Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposite ◽  
Save Energy

In cold climate regions, the energy associated with indoor heating constitutes a large portion of energy consumption. Increasing energy utilization efficiency is critically important for both economic and environmental reasons. Directly converting electrical energy to thermal energy using joule heating construction elements can save energy and investment to the water pipelines which have been extensively used for indoor heating in China. The fired brick has been extensively used to make pavements, walls and other masonry. Taking advantage of the high dispersion quality of graphene oxide (GO) in water, as well as the firing process used to make fired bricks, graphene nanocomposite bricks with excellent electrical properties and improved mechanical performance were prepared in China. The compressive strength of the bricks showed a substantial increase from 3.15 MPa to 7.21 MPa when GO concentration was 0.1 wt.%. Through applying 5 volts of electrical field within 5 minutes, the nanocomposites can be heated from room temperature to 60 °C, 110 °C and 160 °C for the nanocomposite bricks with graphene concentration of 3 wt.%, 4 wt.% and 5 wt.%, respectively, due to the extremely low percolation threshold (~0.5 wt.%) and high conductivity (10 Ω·cm at 1 wt.%). The sheets were connected more tightly when the GO content was increased. The thermal efficiency can reach up to 88% based on the applied voltage, measured resistance and temperature rise curves.

Analysis of China’s Provincial Energy Efficiency Based on the Generalized DEA Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 890-895
Author(s):  
Hui Min Li ◽  
Cun Bin Li ◽  
Zhan Xin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Technology Changes ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, with the rapid economic growth, the demand on the amount of energy in China is increasing. So the problem of how to improve the energy utilization efficiency and save energy consumption has to be tackled. The traditional CCR model and BCC model used in the study of provincial energy efficiency do not take the impact of technological progress into consideration. Therefore, the paper uses the generalized DEA method to research the energy utilization efficiency of China’s 29 provinces, that is, to evaluate and analyze the energy utilization efficiency by selecting the capital stock, employment and total energy consumption of China’s provinces as input factors and GDP, per capital GDP as output factors, and then draw tables showing each province’s change of average annual overall efficiency and the pure technology changes, and finally analyze the regularities underlying these changes.

Regional integrated energy system schemes selection based on risk expectation and Mahalanobis-Taguchi system

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jiahang Yuan ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Xinggang Luo ◽  
Lingfei Li ◽  
Zhongliang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Choquet Integral ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Fuzzy Measures ◽  
Integrated Energy System

Regional integrated energy system (RIES) provides a platform for coupling utilization of multi-energy and makes various energy demand from client possible. The suitable RIES composition scheme will upgrade energy structure and improve integrated energy utilization efficiency. Based on a RIES construction project in Jiangsu province, this paper proposes a new multi criteria decision-making (MCDM) method for the selection of RIES schemes. Because that subjective evaluation on RIES schemes benefit under criteria has uncertainty and hesitancy, intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy number (ITFN) which has the better capability to model ill-known quantities is presented. In consideration of risk attitude and interdependency of criteria, a new decision model with risk coefficients, Mahalanobis-Taguchi system and Choquet integral is proposed. Firstly, the decision matrices given by experts are normalized, and then are transformed to minimum expectation matrices according to different risk coefficients. Secondly, the weights of criteria from different experts are calculated by Mahalanobis-Taguchi system. Mobius transformation coefficients based on interaction degree are to calculate 2-order additive fuzzy measures, and then the comprehensive weights of criteria are obtained by fuzzy measures and Choquet integral. Thirdly, based on group decision consensus requirement, the weights of experts are obtained by the maximum entropy and grey correlation. Fourthly, the minimum expectation matrices are aggregated by the intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy Bonferroni mean operator. Thus, the ranking result according to the comparison rules using the minimum expectation and the maximum expectation is obtained. Finally, an illustrative example is taken in the present study to make the proposed method comprehensible.

Evaluation of Energy Efficiency for a CCHP System With Available Microturbine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. X. Liang ◽  
Q. W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation

This paper deals with the problem of energy utilization efficiency evaluation of a microturbine system for Combined Cooling, Heating and Power production (CCHP). The CCHP system integrates power generation, cooling and heating, which is a type of total energy system on the basis of energy cascade utilization principle, and has a large potential of energy saving and economical efficiency. A typical CCHP system has several options to fulfill energy requirements of its application, the electrical energy can be produced by a gas turbine, the heat can be generated by the waste heat of a gas turbine, and the cooling load can be satisfied by an absorption chiller driven by the waste heat of a gas turbine. The energy problem of the CCHP system is so large and complex that the existing engineering cannot provide satisfactory solutions. The decisive values for energetic efficiency evaluation of such systems are the primary energy generation cost. In this paper, in order to reveal internal essence of CCHP, we have analyzed typical CCHP systems and compared them with individual systems. The optimal operation of this system is dependent upon load conditions to be satisfied. The results indicate that CCHP brings 38.7 percent decrease in energy consumption comparing with the individual systems. A CCHP system saves fuel resources and has the assurance of economic benefits. Moreover, two basic CCHP models are presented for determining the optimum energy combination for the CCHP system with 100kW microturbine, and the more practical performances of various units are introduced, then Primary Energy Ratio (PER) and exergy efficiency (α) of various types and sizes systems are analyzed. Through exergy comparison performed for two kinds of CCHP systems, we have identified the essential principle for high performance of the CCHP system, and consequently pointed out the promising features for further development.

Nanowire-based zinc-doped tin oxide microtubes for enhanced solar energy utilization efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 6822-6830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wutao Mao ◽  
Zhengdao Li ◽  
Keyan Bao ◽  
Kaijun Zhang ◽  
Weibo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Solar Energy Utilization

Carbon Emission of Mining Industry’s Energy Consumption in Heilongjiang Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1597-1600
Author(s):  
Zhong Hua Wang ◽  
Xin Ye Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Low Carbon

The need to reduce carbon emission in Heilongjiang Province of China is urgent challenge facing sustainable development. This paper aims to make explicit the problem-solving of carbon emission to find low carbon emission ways. According to domestic and foreign literatures on estimating and calculating carbon emissions and by integrating calculation methods of carbon emissions, it was not possible to consider all of the many contributions to carbon emissions. Calculation model of carbon emissions suitable to this paper is selected. The carbon emissions of energy consumption in mining industry are estimated and calculated from 2005 to 2012, and the characteristics of carbon emission are analyzed at the provincial level. It makes the point that carbon emissions of energy consumption in mining industry can be reduced when we attempt to alter energy consumption structure, adjust industrial structure and improve energy utilization efficiency.

Research on Steric and Multilevel Concentrator for Photovoltaic Generation

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Xiao Fan Yang ◽  
Zhi Long Xu ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Zhong Ming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Photovoltaic Generation ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Operating Factor ◽  
And Performance

As the development trend of solar energy, which is a green way of energy utilization, photovoltaic power generation has been a research hotspot of solar energy utilization technologies. Using the concentrating and tracking technology to increase the illumination intensity, and obtain more electrical energy, that will reduce the cost of the photovoltaic power generation system sharply. A kind of steric and multilevel concentrator for photovoltaic generation is introduced in this paper, whose concentration ratio is 3. The operating factor of plane mirrors and performance price ratio of the system is increased for optimizing the condensation parameters and structure of the concentrator.

scholarly journals An optimised system for energy monitoring and data acquisition in substations/domestic applications using IoT

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 01001 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Badri Rama Krishnan ◽  
Keerthana Sandepudi ◽  
Shaista Gazal
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Monitoring ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Energy Meter ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Tariff Rates ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Reliable Power Supply

The rising demand and tariff rates of electric power have derived the need to develop innovative methods to monitor, manage, economize and save energy. Energy monitoring and conservation are pre-eminent today because of the imbalance between power generation and demand. This paper proposes the outline and application of electrical energy measurement by an Arduino micro-controller that is used to calculate the power consumed by any individual electrical device. The main intention of the presented energy meter is to monitor, acquire and interpret the power consumption data online by integrating smart plugs, sensors at the device level and upload it to the server using IoT based communication protocol. Thus, this project enables the consumer to act accordingly to save power and to render a reliable power supply by making maximum use of energy sources in the cheapest ways.

scholarly journals Real Time Electrical Energy Monitoring and Cost Benefit Analysis using Smart Meter

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
User Friendly

Energy is an essential component in supporting people’s daily lives and is a significant economical element in development of the country. The eventual depletion of conventional energy resources and their harmful impacts on environment as well as the rising energy costs and the limitations of new energy resources and technologies have pushed efficient energy management to the top of the agenda. But how the energy utilization can be managed? A simple answer to this is viable and real time metering, which enables calculation of run time energy consumption and obtaining the real-time as well as cumulative cost. In this research an Innovative hardware and IoT based solution to this problem is availed that could provide live information related to consumption of electricity by various appliances. The methodology used in this research is mainly based on a hardware tool named Elite 440 which is a meter and provides the data about various electrical parameters. This data so obtained is made visible on the dashboard in a user friendly. The data so visible includes various parameters like voltage, current, power factor etc. Also the data so obtained on the dashboard gets updated in each five minutes and simultaneously the cost gets updated which makes it real time monitoring System.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic irradiation of chemical compounds in aqueous solutions

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αναστασία Κοτρωναρου
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Cavitation Bubbles ◽  
Ph Range

The ultrasonic irradiation of para-nitrophenol, S(-II), and parathion is studied in aqueous solutions at 20 kHz and ~ 75 W-cnT2. Para-nitrophenol was degraded primarily by denitration and secondarily by ΌΗ radical attack to yield N 02, NO3, benzoquinone, hydroquinone, 4-nitrocatechol, formate and oxalate. These reaction products and the kinetic observations are consistent with a model involving high-temperature reactions of p-nitrophenol in the interfa.cia.1 region of cavitation bubbles. The average effective temperature of the interfacial region surrounding the cavitation bubbles was estimated to be T ~ 800 K. Ultrasonic irradiation of S(-II) is studied in aqueous solutions over the pH range 7 - 12. The reaction of HS“ with OH is the principal pathway for theoxidation of S(-II) at pH > 10; the oxidation products are SO2“, SO2", and S20 Upon prolonged sonication, SO2" is the only observed product. At pH < 8.5, thermal decomposition of H2S within or near collapsing cavitation bubbles becomes the important pathway and elemental sulfur is found as an additional product of the sonolysis of S(-II). The sonolytic oxidation of H2S at pH > 10 was successfully modeled with an aqueous-phase free-radical chemistry mechanism and assumingcontinuous and uniform ΌΗ input into solution from the imploding cavitation bubbles. Parathion degradation occurred primarily by enhanced hydrolysis and secondarily by direct ΌΗ radical attack.The effect of various physical and chemical parameters on sonolytic yields is examined. The observed effects are in qualitative agreement with the sonolysis mechanisms proposed for the chemicals of interest and the existing hydrodynamic theories of acoustic cavitation. The formation of iodine upon ultrasonic irradiation of potassium iodide solutions and the sonolysis of S(-II) are used as probes to compare the sonochemical efficiency of different experimental set-ups. This work elucidates the mechanisms of the ultrasonic decomposition of typical organic and inorganic pollutants. It is shown that ultrasound has the potential to become a viable alternative for the destruction of chemical contaminants in water and wastewater. The current limitation of sonolysis is its low energy utilization efficiency, but there is room for improvement by optimizing reactor design and physical/chemical operation conditions. This work offers some recommendations and insight in that respect.

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