scholarly journals Polymer Flexible Joint as a Repair Method of Concrete Elements: Flexural Testing and Numerical Analysis

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5732
Author(s):  
Łukasz Zdanowicz ◽  
Szymon Seręga ◽  
Marcin Tekieli ◽  
Arkadiusz Kwiecień
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Stress Redistribution ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Flexible Joint ◽  
Repair Method ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Flexural Testing ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
Concrete Elements

Polymer Flexible Joint (PFJ) is a method for repairs of concrete elements, which enables carrying loads and large deformations effectively. This article presents the possibility of applying PFJ on beams subjected to bending and describes the influence of such joints on concrete elements. An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the behavior of concrete in a four-point bending test. The research program included flexural tests of plain concrete elements with a notch, as well as tests of elements which were repaired with PFJ after failure. Based on the experimental results, the numerical characteristics of analyzed polymer and concrete were calibrated. A nonlinear numerical model is developed, which describes the behavior of concrete elements and polymer in the experiments. The model is used to numerically analyze deformations and stresses under increasing load. The influence of flexible joint on concrete elements is described and behavior of elements repaired with PFJ is compared to original elements. Particular attention was paid to the stress redistribution in concrete. The application of flexible joint positively influences load capacity of the connected concrete elements. Furthermore, because of stress redistribution, connected elements can bear larger deformations than original ones. PFJ can therefore be considered an efficient repair method for connecting concrete elements.

scholarly journals Crushing of Double-Walled Corrugated Board and Its Influence on the Load Capacity of Various Boxes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Gajewski ◽  
Tomasz Garbowski ◽  
Natalia Staszak ◽  
Małgorzata Kuca
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Residual Thickness ◽  
Flexographic Printing ◽  
Four Point Bending Test

As long as the non-contact digital printing is not a common standard in the corrugated packaging industry, corrugated board crushing is a real issue that affects the load capacity of the boxes. Crushing mainly occurs during the converting of corrugated board (e.g. analog flexographic printing or laminating) and is a process that cannot be avoided. However, as show in this study, it can be controlled. In this work, extended laboratory tests were carried out on the crushing of double-walled corrugated board. The influence of fully controlled crushing (with a precision: ±10 μm) in the range from 10 to 70 % on different laboratory measurements was checked. Most of the typical mechanical tests were performed e.g. edge crush test, four-point bending test, shear stiffness test, torsional stiffness test, etc. on reference and crushed specimens. The residual thickness reduction of the crushed samples was also controlled. All empirical observations and performed measurements were the basis for building an analytical model of crushed corrugated board. The proven and verified model was then used to study the crushing effect of the selected corrugated board on the efficiency of simple packages with various dimensions.

Prediction of Load Capacity Behavior of Multi-Stage Formed Construction Elements

2010 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Aleš Petek ◽  
Karl Kuzman ◽  
Franc Resman ◽  
Boris Jerman ◽  
Viktor Zaletelj
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Construction Element ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Metal Sheets ◽  
Additional Procedure ◽  
Definition Of

The technologies for low-quantity production of sheet metal components and parts are applied mostly for thin single metal sheets. However, such technologies could also be applied as an additional procedure in multi-layer construction element production. Such individually produced construction elements must correspond to required standards, which are usually applied in serial production. Due to the immense testing work expected by custom-made production, it is reasonable to develop a methodology that would be capable of predicting the required results of an individually designed and produced construction block quickly, effectively and with minimal costs. In this investigation, a method of predicting the load capacity behavior of individual construction elements performed by incremental forming as an additional technology in multi-layer construction element production is presented. Special attention is dedicated to the definition of finite element model of a standardized four-point bending test and its correlation to real experimental results.

scholarly journals Crushing of Double-Walled Corrugated Board and Its Influence on the Load Capacity of Various Boxes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4321
Author(s):  
Tomasz Gajewski ◽  
Tomasz Garbowski ◽  
Natalia Staszak ◽  
Małgorzata Kuca
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Residual Thickness ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard

As long as non-contact digital printing remains an uncommon standard in the corrugated packaging industry, corrugated board crushing remains a real issue that affects the load capacity of boxes. Crushing mainly occurs during the converting of corrugated board (e.g., analog flexographic printing or laminating) and is a process that cannot be avoided. However, as this study shows, it can be controlled. In this work, extended laboratory tests were carried out on the crushing of double-walled corrugated board. The influence of fully controlled crushing (with a precision of ±10 μm) in the range from 10 to 70% on different laboratory measurements was checked. The typical mechanical tests—i.e., edge crush test, four-point bending test, shear stiffness test, torsional stiffness test, etc.—were performed on reference and crushed specimens. The residual thickness reduction of the crushed samples was also controlled. All empirical observations and performed measurements were the basis for building an analytical model of crushed corrugated board. The proven and verified model was then used to study the crushing effect of the selected corrugated board on the efficiency of simple packages with various dimensions. The proposed measurement technique was successfully used to precisely estimate and thus control the crushing of corrugated board, while the proposed numerical and analytical techniques was used to estimate the load capacity of corrugated board packaging. A good correlation between the measured reduced stiffness of the corrugated cardboard and the proposed analytical predictive models was obtained.

scholarly journals The Load-Bearing Capacity of Timber-Glass Composite I-Beams Made with Polyurethane Adhesives

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Rodacki
Keyword(s):  
Static Loading ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Glass Composite ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Polyurethane Adhesives ◽  
Four Point Bending Test ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Abstract This article discusses the issue of composite timber-glass I-beams, which are an interesting alternative for load-bearing beams of ceilings and roofs. The reasoning behind the use of timber-glass I-beams is the combination of the best features of both materials - this enables the creation of particularly safe beams with regard to structural stability and post-breakage load capacity. Due to the significant differences between the bonding surfaces of timber and glass, a study on the adhesion of various adhesives to both surfaces is presented at the beginning of the paper. After examination, two adhesives were selected for offering the best performance when used with composite beams. The beams were investigated using a four-point bending test under quasi-static loading.

scholarly journals Reliability of Different Bending Test Methods for Dental Press Ceramics

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5162
Author(s):  
Daisuke Miura ◽  
Yoshiki Ishida ◽  
Taira Miyasaka ◽  
Harumi Aoki ◽  
Akikazu Shinya
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Biaxial Bending ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Biaxial Tests ◽  
Biaxial Flexural Strength ◽  
Flexural Tests

Objective: This study investigates the reliability of different flexural tests such as three-point-bending, four-point bending, and biaxial tests, in strengthening the dental pressed ceramics (DPCs) frequently used in clinical applications. Methods: The correlations between the three types of bending tests for DPCs were investigated. Plate-shaped specimens for the three-point and four-point bending tests and a disc-shaped specimen for the biaxial bending test were prepared. Each bending test was conducted using a universal testing machine. Results: The results for six DPCs showed that the flexural strength in descending order were the three-point flexural strength, biaxial flexural strength, and four-point flexural strength, respectively. Then, a regression analysis showed a strong correlation between each of the three test methods, with the combination of four-point and biaxial flexural strength showing the highest values. The biaxial flexural strength was not significantly different in the Weibull coefficient (m) compared to the other tests, with the narrowest range considering the 95% interval. The biaxial bending test was found to be suitable for materials with small plastic deformation from the yield point to the breaking point, such as DPCs.

scholarly journals Development of Highly Sensitive Strain Sensor Using Area-Arrayed Graphene Nanoribbons

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1701
Author(s):  
Ken Suzuki ◽  
Ryohei Nakagawa ◽  
Qinqiang Zhang ◽  
Hideo Miura
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Nanoribbons ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Sensitive Strain ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Gauge Factor ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Current Voltage Relationship

In this study, a basic design of area-arrayed graphene nanoribbon (GNR) strain sensors was proposed to realize the next generation of strain sensors. To fabricate the area-arrayed GNRs, a top-down approach was employed, in which GNRs were cut out from a large graphene sheet using an electron beam lithography technique. GNRs with widths of 400 nm, 300 nm, 200 nm, and 50 nm were fabricated, and their current-voltage characteristics were evaluated. The current values of GNRs with widths of 200 nm and above increased linearly with increasing applied voltage, indicating that these GNRs were metallic conductors and a good ohmic junction was formed between graphene and the electrode. There were two types of GNRs with a width of 50 nm, one with a linear current–voltage relationship and the other with a nonlinear one. We evaluated the strain sensitivity of the 50 nm GNR exhibiting metallic conduction by applying a four-point bending test, and found that the gauge factor of this GNR was about 50. Thus, GNRs with a width of about 50 nm can be used to realize a highly sensitive strain sensor.

scholarly journals Structural behaviour of PSCC slab panel under four-point bending test

2021 ◽  
Vol 1144 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
M A Iman ◽  
N Mohamad ◽  
A A A Samad ◽  
Steafenie George ◽  
M A Tambichik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bending Test ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Four Point Bending Test
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