scholarly journals Predicting Workability of a Low-Cost Powder Metallurgical Ti–5Al–2Fe–3Mo Alloy Using Constitutive Modeling and Processing Map

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
Di Pan ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Rongjun Xu ◽  
Jingwen Qiu ◽  
Chunxuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Processing Map ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Power Dissipation Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Map ◽  
Temperature Strain

A low-cost titanium alloy (Ti–5Al–2Fe–3Mo wt.%) was designed and fabricated by blended elemental powder metallurgy (BEPM) process. The high-temperature deformation behavior of the powder metallurgical Ti–5Al–2Fe–3Mo wt.% (PM-TiAlFeMo) alloy was investigated by hot compression tests at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1000 °C and strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 10 s−1. The flow curves were employed to develop the Arrhenius-type constitutive model in consideration of effects of deformation temperature, strain rate, and flow stress. The value of activation energy (Q) was determined as 413.25 kJ/mol. In order to describe the workability and predict the optimum hot processing parameters of the PM-TiAlFeMo alloy, the processing map has been established based on the true stress–true strain curves and power dissipation efficiency map. Moreover, microstructure observations match well with the analyses about deformation mechanisms, revealing that dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization are dominant softening mechanisms at relatively high temperatures. However, the kinking and breaking of microstructure prefer to occur at relatively low temperatures.

scholarly journals High Temperature Deformation of Cast ZW11 Magnesium Alloy with Very Large Grain Size

2016 ◽  
Vol 725 ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
K.P. Rao ◽  
M. Bagheripoor ◽  
Hajo Dieringa ◽  
N. Hort
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Slow Cooling

Magnesium (Mg) alloys are considered for biomedical applications due to their matching bone density and biodegradable/abioabsorable nature. Mg-1% Zinc-1% Yttrium (ZW11) alloy was cast using a direct chill slow cooling process to obtain dense ingot with uniform composition. However, the resultant alloy developed a very coarse grained microstructure with a grain size in the range of 2,600 to 4,000 μm (2.6-4.0 mm). The hot working behavior of ZW11 alloy has been investigated using compression tests in the temperature and strain rate ranges of 340-540 °C and 0.0003 – 10 s-1 to evaluate the optimum processing parameters. A processing map has been developed on the basis of the flow stress data. The processing map reveals a window of workability in the temperature and strain rate ranges of 460-540 °C and 0.0003-10 s-1 and regimes of flow instability. The microstructures of the deformed alloy provided support to the processing map.

High Temperature Deformation Mechanisms and Processing Map for Hot Working of Cast-Homogenized Mg-3Sn-2Ca Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 3616-3621 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Rao ◽  
Y.V.R.K. Prasad ◽  
Norbert Hort ◽  
Karl Ulrich Kainer
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Back Stress ◽  
Hot Working ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Compression Tests

The hot working behavior of Mg-3Sn-2Ca alloy has been investigated in the temperature range 300–500 oC and strain rate range 0.0003–10 s-1, with a view to evaluate the mechanisms and optimum parameters of hot working. For this purpose, a processing map has been developed on the basis of the flow stress data obtained from compression tests. The stress-strain curves exhibited steady state behavior at strain rates lower than 0.01 s-1 and at temperatures higher than 350 oC and flow softening occurred at higher strain rates. The processing map exhibited two dynamic recrystallization domains in the temperature and strain rate ranges: (1) 300–420 oC and 0.0003–0.003 s-1, and (2) 420–500 oC and 0.003–1.0 s-1, the latter one being useful for commercial hot working. Kinetic analysis yielded apparent activation energy values of 161 and 175 kJ/mole in domains (1) and (2) respectively. These values are higher than that for self-diffusion in magnesium suggesting that the large volume fraction of intermetallic particles CaMgSn present in the matrix generates considerable back stress. The processing map reveals a wide regime of flow instability which gets reduced with increase in temperature or decrease in strain rate.

Constitutive Analysis and Microstructure Evolution of the High-Temperature Deformation Behavior of an Advanced Intermetallic Multi-Phase γ-TiAl-Based Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 922 ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Werner ◽  
Emanuel Schwaighofer ◽  
Martin Schloffer ◽  
Helmut Clemens ◽  
Janny Lindemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Compression Tests

In the present study the high-temperature deformation behavior of a caste and subsequently HIPed β-solidifying γ-TiAl-based alloy with a nominal composition of Ti-43.5Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B (in at. %), termed TNM alloy, is investigated. At room temperature this alloy consists of ordered γ-TiAl, α2-Ti3Al and βo-TiAl phases. By increasing the temperature, α2and βodisorder to α and β, respectively. In order to get a better understanding of dynamic recovery and recrystallization processes during thermomechanical processing, isothermal compression tests on TNM specimens are carried out on a Gleeble®3500 simulator. These tests are conducted at temperatures ranging from 1100 °C to 1250 °C (in the α/α2+β/βo+γ phase field region) applying strain rates in the range of 0.005 s-1to 0.5 s-1up to a true strain of 0.9. The evolution of microstructure along with the dynamically recrystallized grain size during hot deformation is examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The flow softening behavior after reaching the peak stress in the true stress-true strain curve is attributed to dynamic recrystallization. By using the Zener-Hollomon parameter as a temperature-compensated strain rate the dependence of flow stress on temperature and strain rate is shown to follow a hyperbolic-sine Arrhenius-type relationship.

High-Temperature Deformation Behavior of the γ Alloy Ti-48Ai-2Cr-2Nb

1990 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Shih ◽  
Gary K. Scarr
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
True Strain ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Uniform Deformation ◽  
Good Workability ◽  
Low Strain Rate

ABSTRACTThe hot-workability of a two-phase (γ+α2) alloy, Ti-48A1-2Cr-2Nb, has been studied by conducting isothermal compression tests to 0.8 true strain over the temperature range of 975–1200°C at strain rates between 1×l0−1 and 3×10−3s−1. A deformation map showing temperature, strain rate, soundness of deformation, and isostress contours was constructed. Good workability is found from the low temperature/low strain rate regime to combinations of high temperature and either high or low strain rate. The upper-limit flow stress for good workability is between 450 and 500 MPa. Deformation induced softening occurs at all conditions. SEM and TEM examinations of the deformed specimens reveal that non-uniform deformation takes place at all strain rates, but cracking occurs mostly at high strain rates (e.g. 1×10−1s−1), especially combined with low temperatures. The cracking appears to progress primarily along γ/α2interfaces. It is thought that non-uniform deformation develops channels of shear bands, which in turn promote localized recrystallization, thus accommodating higher strains.

Texture Formation during High Temperature Deformation of Al-3mass%Mg Solid Solution

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuto Okayasu ◽  
Hiroshi Fukutomi
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Deformation Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Texture Formation ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Temperature Strain

Uniaxial compression tests were conducted on Al-3mass%Mg alloy under various temperatures and strain rates. High temperature yielding was observed at the temperatures higher than 623K. Texture examination elucidated that fiber textures are constructed in all the deformation conditions examined in this study. It was found that the kinds and intensities of texture components varied depending on deformation temperature, strain rate and the amount of strain.

Modeling the High Temperature Deformation Behaviour of a near Alpha Titanium Alloy with Bi-Modal Microstructure

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Balasundar ◽  
T. Raghu ◽  
B.P. Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Alpha Titanium ◽  
Temperature Strain

The high temperature deformation behaviour of near alpha titanium alloy IMI834 with a bimodal microstructure has been evaluated by carrying out isothermal compression tests over a range of temperature and strain rate. The optimum thermomechanical processing (TMP) parameters i.e., temperature, strain rate that can be used to produce various aeroengine components were identified using dynamic materials modeling (DMM). Using kinetic analysis, a unified constitutive equation that describes the deformation behavior of the material in the selected temperature - strain rate regime has been established and the deformation mechanisms operating in the material were identified.

High Temperature Deformation of Superalloy Inconel 718

2012 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Nowotnik
Keyword(s):  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Solution Treated

Experimental results on hot deformation and dynamic structural processes of nickel based alloy Inconel 718 are reviewed. The focus is the analysis of dynamic precipitation processes which operate during hot deformation of these materials at elevated temperatures. Hot compression tests were performed on the solution treated precipitation hardenable nickel based superalloy Inconel 718 at 720-1150°C with a constant true strain rates of 10-4 and 4x10-4s-1. True stress - true strain curves and microstructure analysis of the deformed nickel based superalloy is presented. The properties and dynamic behaviour are explained through observation of the microstructure using standard optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Structural observations of solution treated Inconel 718 deformed at high temperatures, reveal non uniform deformation effects. The distribution of niobium-rich carbides were affected by localized flow within the strain range investigated at relatively low deformation temperatures 720 - 850°C.

High-Temperature Deformation Behavior of ELI Grade Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Martensite Microstructure

2007 ◽  
Vol 551-552 ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Park ◽  
Young Gun Ko ◽  
Chong Soo Lee ◽  
Kyung Tae Park ◽  
Dong Hyuk Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Martensite Microstructure

High-temperature deformation behavior and microstructural evolution process of ELI Ti-6Al-4V alloy having martensite microstructure were investigated with the variation of strain, strain rate and temperature. A series of hot compression tests was carried out isothermally for martensite microstructure at the true strain range of 0.6 to 1.4, strain rate range of 10-3 s-1 to 1 s-1 and temperature range of 700 oC to 950 oC. The processing maps for martensite microstructures were constructed on the basis of dynamic materials model (DMM). At the strain rate higher than 10-2 s-1 and the temperature lower than 750 oC regions of flow instability such as adiabatic shear band and micro-cracking were observed. Also, after imposing an effective strain of ≈ 1.4, deformed microstructure showed the significant kinking/bending behavior of lamellae resulting in the dynamic globularization associated with the fragmentation of beta-phase. The effects of strain, strain rate and temperature for dynamic globularization were discussed based on the microstructure and efficiency of power dissipation.

Thermomechanical Behavior of Al-Mg-Si Alloys at the Elevated Temperature

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 581-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Nam Kwon ◽  
Young Seon Lee ◽  
J.H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Thermomechanical Behavior ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Temperature Strain

Thermomechanical behavior of Al-Mg-Si alloys has been studied to investigate the effect of microstructural features such as pre-existing substructure and distribution of particles on the deformation characteristics. The controlled compression tests have been carried out to get the basic information on how the alloy responds to temperature, strain amount and strain rate. Microstructural features after forging have been discussed in terms of the thermomechanical response of Al-Mg-Si alloys. As already well mentioned, we have found that the high temperature deformation of Al-Mg-Si brought the recovered structure. However, the abnormally large grains seems to occur in a certain condition as a result of deformation assisted grain growth, which means that hot forging of Al-Mg-Si alloys could lead to the undesirable microstructures and the consequent mechanical properties such as fatigue strength.

High Temperature Deformation Mechanism Maps of NiAl

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
I.G. Lee ◽  
A.K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Deformation Mechanism ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Temperature Strain

In order to analyze high temperature deformation behavior of NiAl alloys, deformation maps were constructed for stoichiometric NiAl materials with grain sizes of 4 and 200 µm. Relevant constitute equations and calculation method will be described in this paper. These maps are particularly useful in identifying the location of testing domains, such as creep and tensile tests, in relation to the stress-temperature-strain rate domains experienced by NiAl.

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