scholarly journals Development of Toughened Flax Fiber Reinforced Composites. Modification of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-terephthalate) Blends by Reactive Extrusion Process

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1523
Author(s):  
Jacek Andrzejewski ◽  
Michał Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Structure Evaluation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reactive Extrusion Process

The presented study focuses on the development of flax fiber (FF) reinforced composites prepared with the use of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)—PLA/PBAT blend system. This type of modification was aimed to increase impact properties of PLA-based composites, which are usually characterized by high brittleness. The PLA/PBAT blends preparation was carried out using melt blending technique, while part of the samples was prepared by reactive extrusion process with the addition of chain extender (CE) in the form of epoxy-functionalized oligomer. The properties of unreinforced blends was evaluated using injection molded samples. The composite samples were prepared by compression molding technique, while flax fibers reinforcement was in the form of plain fabric. The properties of the laminated sheets were investigated during mechanical test measurements (tensile, flexural, impact). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was used to determine the thermal properties, while dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and heat deflection temperature (HDT) measurements were conducted in order to measure the thermomechanical properties. Research procedure was supplemented with structure evaluation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The comparative study reveals that the properties of PLA/PBAT-based composites were more favorable, especially in the context of impact resistance improvement. However, for CE modified samples also the modulus and strength was improved. Structural observations after the impact tests confirmed the presence of the plastic deformation of PLA/PBAT matrix, which confirmed the favorable properties of the developed materials. The use of PBAT phase as the impact modifier strongly reduced the PLA brittleness, while the reactive extrusion process improves the fiber-matrix interactions leading to higher stiffness and strength.

scholarly journals Modelling and Validation of Synthesis of Poly Lactic Acid Using an Alternative Energy Source through a Continuous Reactive Extrusion Process

Polymers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Dubey ◽  
Hrushikesh Abhyankar ◽  
Veronica Marchante ◽  
James Brighton ◽  
Kim Blackburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Reactive Extrusion Process

Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals for Improving the Mechanical Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamileh Shojaeiarani ◽  
Dilpreet Bajwa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
The Impact

Biopolymers are emerging materials with numerous capabilities of minimizing the environmental hazards caused by synthetic materials. The competitive mechanical properties of bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted a huge interest in improving the mechanical properties of the corresponding nanocomposites. To obtain optimal properties of PLA-CNC nanocomposites, the compatibility between PLA and CNCs needs to be improved through uniform dispersion of CNCs into PLA. The application of chemical surface functionalization technique is an essential step to improve the interaction between hydrophobic PLA and hydrophilic CNCs. In this study, a combination of a time-efficient esterification technique and masterbatch approach was used to improve the CNCs dispersibility in PLA. Nanocomposites reinforced by 1, 3, and 5 wt% functionalized CNCs were prepared using twin screw extrusion followed by injection molding process. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of pure PLA and nanocomposites were studied through tensile, impact and dynamic mechanical analysis. The impact fractured surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical test results exhibited that tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of nanocomposites improved by 70% and 11% upon addition of functionalized CNCs into pure PLA. The elongation at break and impact strength of nanocomposites exhibited 43% and 35% increase as compared to pure PLA. The rough and irregular fracture surface in nanocomposites confirmed the higher ductility in PLA nanocomposites as compared to pure PLA. The incorporation of functionalized CNCs into PLA resulted in an increase in storage modulus and a decrease in tan δ intensity which was more profound in nanocomposites reinforced with 3 wt% functionalized CNCs.

Effect of Compounding Methods on Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/Starch/Natural Rubber Blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Jadsadaporn Chouaytan ◽  
Varaporn Tanrattanakul
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
The Impact

This study showed the effect of different compounding methods on the impact resistance and tensile properties of poly(lactic acid) blended with cassava starch and natural rubber latex. Poly(ethylene glycol) was used as a plasticizer. It was found that the compounding method was important for the derived mechanical properties of the blend. Furthermore, cooling method of the extrudate also affected the mechanical properties of the blends. The air cooling in the extrusion process provided higher mechanical properties than the water cooling. This work also showed the effect of the natural rubber in the PLA/starch blend.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Addition of Compatibilizers on Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) Properties after Extrusion Process

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2688
Author(s):  
F.A.M.M. Gonçalves ◽  
Sandra M. A. Cruz ◽  
Jorge F. J. Coelho ◽  
Arménio C. Serra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Biobased Polymers ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA), due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and renewability, is one of the most promising biobased polymers for replacing some of the petrol-based materials. Low flexibility of PLA is overcome, by blending it with olefin-based polymers, such as polypropylene (PP). However, the use of compatibilizing agents is required to attain final materials with suitable mechanical properties. Such agents, although essential, can affect PLA structure and, consequently, the mechanical properties of the PLA. To the best of our knowledge, this issue was never studied, and the results can contribute to achieving the best formulations of PLA-based blends according to their final applications. The thermal and mechanical properties of the extruded PLA, with three different commercial compatibilizing agents, were evaluated with the purpose of demonstrating how the compatibilizers can introduce structural differences into the PLA chain during the extrusion process. The combination of crystallinity, molecular weight, and the morphology of the samples after extrusion determines the final mechanical properties of PLA. Despite being a fundamental study, it is our aim to contribute to the sustainability of PLA-based industries. The addition of a 2.5% concentration of C1 compatibilizer seems to have less influence on the final morphology and mechanical properties of the blends.

Production and characterization of poly (lactic acid)-based biocomposites filled with basalt fiber and flax fiber hybrid

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 701-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najah Eselini ◽  
Seha Tirkes ◽  
Alinda Oyku Akar ◽  
Umit Tayfun
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Blending Method

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-based biocomposites containing flax fiber (FF) and basalt fiber (BF) both separately and together were prepared by melt blending method at the total constant ratio of 30 wt%. Mechanical properties, thermo-mechanical characteristics, thermal stability, flow behaviors, water uptake, and morphology of composites were investigated by tensile, hardness and impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal gravimetric analysis, melt flow index (MFI) test, water absorption, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Mechanical test results show that tensile strength, elongation, elastic modulus, and impact strength are extended up to higher values with increase in BF content in hybrid composites. Conversely, the presence of FF displays a negative effect in which these values drop down drastically as the FF concentration increases. On the other hand, slightly higher hardness values are obtained by the addition of FF at higher loadings. DMA analysis reveals that BF inclusion leads glass transition temperature of PLA to one point higher, but hybrid and FF containing composites shift that temperature to lower values. Storage moduli of composites are enhanced with the increase in BF concentration and remarkable decreases are observed for FF-filled composites. Hybrid composites exhibit average MFI values between PLA/FF and PLA/BF composites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document