Bubble Swelling in Ferritic/Martensitic Steels Exposed to Radiation Environment with High Production Rate of Helium

Reduced-activativon ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels are prospective structural materials for fission/fusion nuclear applications because their radiation and swelling resistance outperforms their austenitic counterparts. In radiation environments with a high production rate of helium, such as fusion or spallation applications, these materials suffer from non-negligible swelling due to the inhibited recombination between vacancy and interstitial-type defects. In this work, swelling in helium-implanted Eurofer 97 steel is investigated with a focus on helium production rates in a wide range of helium/dpa ratios. The results show virtually no swelling incubation period preceding a steady-state swelling of about 2 × 10−4%/He-appm/dpa. A saturation of swelling above 5000 He-appm/dpa was observed and attributed to helium bubbles becoming the dominant sinks for new vacancies and helium atoms. Despite a relatively low irradiation temperature (65 ± 5 °C) and a rather high concentration of helium, transmission electron microscope (TEM) results confirmed a microstructure typical of ferritic/martensitic steels exposed to radiation environments with high production rates of helium.

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Isotope separation of 176Lu a precursor to 177Lu medical isotope using broadband lasers

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85414-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. V. Suryanarayana

Keyword(s):

Production Rate ◽

Isotope Separation ◽

Medical Applications ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

High Production Rate ◽

Laser Isotope Separation ◽

High Production ◽

System Requirements ◽

Medical Isotope ◽

Rhodamine Dye

AbstractA new photoionization scheme accessible by Rhodamine dye lasers is proposed for the isotope separation of 176Lu.$$5d6s^{2}\,{^{2}D_{{3/2}}} (0.0\, {\text{cm}}^{{ - 1}} )\mathop{\longrightarrow}\limits^{{573.8130\, {\text{nm}}}}5d6s6p\,{^{4}F_{{3/2}}^{o}} \left( {17427.28\, {\text{cm}}^{{ - 1}} } \right)\mathop{\longrightarrow}\limits^{{560.3114\, {\text{nm}}}}$$ 5 d 6 s 2 2 D 3 / 2 ( 0.0 cm - 1 ) ⟶ 573.8130 nm 5 d 6 s 6 p 4 F 3 / 2 o 17427.28 cm - 1 ⟶ 560.3114 nm $$6s{6p}^{2}\,{^{4}{P}_{5/2}}\left(35274.5 \,{\text{cm}}^{-1}\right){\to } Autoionization\, State {\to }{Lu}^{+}$$ 6 s 6 p 2 4 P 5 / 2 35274.5 cm - 1 → A u t o i o n i z a t i o n S t a t e → Lu + Optimum conditions for the laser isotope separation have been theoretically computed and compared with the previously reported work. The enrichment of ~ 63% can be obtained with > 22 mg/h production rate even when broadband lasers with bandwidth of 500 MHz are employed for the two step excitation. The simplified system requirements for the photoionization scheme combined with a high production rate of 176Lu than previously reported is expected to reduce the global shortage of 176Lu isotope for medical applications.

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Can Frequency Account for the Grammatical Choices of Children and Adults in Nominal Modification Contexts? Evidence from Elicited Production and Child-Directed Speech

Languages ◽

10.3390/languages6010035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Emanuela Sanfelici ◽

Petra Schulz

Keyword(s):

Language Acquisition ◽

Production Rate ◽

Relative Clauses ◽

Language Use ◽

Spontaneous Speech ◽

Production Task ◽

Specific Context ◽

High Production Rate ◽

High Production ◽

Acquisition Order

There is consensus that languages possess several grammatical variants satisfying the same conversational function. Nevertheless, it is a matter of debate which principles guide the adult speaker’s choice and the child’s acquisition order of these variants. Various proposals have suggested that frequency shapes adult language use and language acquisition. Taking the domain of nominal modification as its testing ground, this paper explores in two studies the role that frequency of structures plays for adults’ and children’s structural choices in German. In Study 1, 133 three- to six-year-old children and 21 adults were tested with an elicited production task prompting participants to identify an agent or a patient referent among a set of alternatives. Study 2 analyzed a corpus of child-directed speech to examine the frequency of passive relative clauses, which children, similar to adults, produced very often in Study 1. Importantly, passive relatives were found to be infrequent in the child input. These two results show that the high production rate of rare structures, such as passive relatives, is difficult to account for with frequency. We claim that the relation between frequency in natural speech and use of a given variant in a specific context is indirect: speakers may opt for the less grammatically complex computation rather than for the variant most frequently used in spontaneous speech.

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Development of multi-turn reel-to-reel crystallization large furnace for high production rate of YBa2Cu3Oy coated conductors derived from TFA–MOD process

Physica C Superconductivity ◽

10.1016/j.physc.2009.05.025 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 469 (15-20) ◽

pp. 1336-1340 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Miura ◽

H. Ichikawa ◽

Y. Sutoh ◽

K. Nakaoka ◽

M. Yoshizumi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Rate ◽

Coated Conductors ◽

High Production Rate ◽

High Production ◽

Large Furnace

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Experimental Study of DRA for Vertical Two-Phase Annular Flow

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.3120299 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 131 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. L. J. Fernandes ◽

B. A. Fleck ◽

T. R. Heidrick ◽

L. Torres ◽

M. G. Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Pressure Gradient ◽

Drag Reduction ◽

Production Rate ◽

Annular Flow ◽

Liquid Holdup ◽

Two Phase ◽

High Production Rate ◽

High Production ◽

Feasibility Test ◽

Main Effects

Experimental investigation of drag reduction in vertical two-phase annular flow is presented. The work is a feasibility test for applying drag reducing additives (DRAs) in high production-rate gas-condensate wells where friction in the production tubing limits the production rate. The DRAs are intended to reduce the overall pressure gradient and thereby increase the production rate. Since such wells typically operate in the annular-entrained flow regime, the gas and liquid velocities were chosen such that the experiments were in a vertical two-phase annular flow. The drag reducers had two main effects on the flow. As expected, they reduced the frictional component of the pressure gradient by up to 74%. However, they also resulted in a significant increase in the liquid holdup by up to 27%. This phenomenon is identified as “DRA-induced flooding.” Since the flow was vertical, the increase in the liquid holdup increased the hydrostatic component of the pressure gradient by up to 25%, offsetting some of reduction in the frictional component of the pressure gradient. The DRA-induced flooding was most pronounced at the lowest gas velocities. However, the results show that in the annular flow the net effect will generally be a reduction in the overall pressure gradient by up to 82%. The findings here help to establish an envelope of operations for the application of multiphase drag reduction in vertical flows and indicate the conditions where a significant net reduction of the pressure gradient may be expected.

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Rapid Turnover and High Production Rate of Myeloid Cells in Adult Rhesus Macaques with Compensations during Aging

The Journal of Immunology ◽

10.4049/jimmunol.1800207 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 200 (12) ◽

pp. 4059-4067 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ziyuan He ◽

Carolina Allers ◽

Chie Sugimoto ◽

Nursarat Ahmed ◽

Hideki Fujioka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Rate ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Myeloid Cells ◽

Rapid Turnover ◽

High Production Rate ◽

High Production

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High production rate of crystallization process in TFA-MOD method for YBCO coated conductors

Physica C Superconductivity ◽

10.1016/j.physc.2006.04.048 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 445-448 ◽

pp. 553-557

Author(s):

Ryo Teranishi ◽

Sukeharu Nomoto ◽

Junko Matsuda ◽

Yuji Aoki ◽

Koichi Nakaoka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Rate ◽

Crystallization Process ◽

Coated Conductors ◽

High Production Rate ◽

High Production ◽

Ybco Coated Conductors

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Designing compartmentalized hydrogel microparticles for cell encapsulation and scalable 3D cell culture

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c4tb01735h ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 353-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Yen-Chun Lu ◽

Wei Song ◽

Duo An ◽

Beum Jun Kim ◽

Robert Schwartz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Production Rate ◽

3D Cell Culture ◽

Cell Encapsulation ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Hydrogel Microparticles ◽

High Production Rate ◽

High Production

Compartmentalized hydrogel microparticles with high production rate, uniform size and shape, and tunable ECM support were developed for various scalable 3D cell culture applications.

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