scholarly journals Materials for High Temperature Liquid Lead Storage for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Air Tower Systems

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3261
Author(s):  
Antonio Rinaldi ◽  
Giuseppe Barbieri ◽  
Eduard Kosykh ◽  
Peter Szakalos ◽  
Claudio Testani
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Liquid Lead ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Lead Corrosion ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Experimental Project ◽  
Structural Stresses ◽  
Temperature Liquid ◽  
Technical Solutions

Today the technical limit for solar towers is represented by the temperature that can be reached with current accumulation and exchange fluids (molten salts are generally adopted and the max temperatures are generally below 600 °C), even if other solutions have been suggested that reach 800 °C. An innovative solution based on liquid lead has been proposed in an ongoing experimental project named Nextower. The Nextower project aims to improve current technologies of the solar sector by transferring experience, originally consolidated in the field of nuclear plants, to accumulate heat at higher temperatures (T = 850–900 °C) through the use of liquid lead heat exchangers. The adoption of molten lead as a heat exchange fluid poses important criticalities of both corrosion and creep resistance, due to the temperatures and structural stresses reached during service. Liquid lead corrosion issues and solutions in addition to creep-resistant material selection are discussed. The experimental activities focused on technical solutions adopted to overcome these problems in terms of the selected materials and technologies. Corrosion laboratory tests have been designed in order to verify if structural 800H steel coated with 6 mm of FeCrAl alloy layers are able to resist the liquid lead attack up to 900 °C and for 1000 h or more. The metallographic results were obtained by mean of scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive microprobe confirm that the 800H steel shows no sign of corrosion after the completion of the tests.

Modeling of Fe–Cr Martensitic Steels Corrosion in Liquid Lead Alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Balbaud-Célérier ◽  
L. Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Liquid Alloy ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Liquid Lead ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Lead Alloys ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Temperature Liquid ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems

Among the Generation IV systems, sodium fast reactors (SFRs) are promising and benefits of considerable technological experience. However, the availability and acceptability of the SFR are affected by the problems linked with the sodium-water reaction. One innovative solution to this problem is the replacement of the sodium in the secondary loops by an alternative liquid fluid. Among the fluids considered, lead-bismuth is at the moment being evaluated. Liquid lead-bismuth has been considerably studied in the frame of the research program on accelerator driven systems for transmutation applications. However, lead alloys are corrosive toward structural materials. The main parameters impacting the corrosion rate of Fe–Cr martensitic steels (considered as structural materials) are the nature of the steel (material side), temperature, liquid alloy velocity, and dissolved oxygen concentration (liquid alloy side). In this study, attention is focused on the behavior of Fe-9Cr steels, and more particularly, T91 martensitic steel. It has been shown that in the case of Fe–Cr martensitic steels, the corrosion process depends on the concentration of oxygen dissolved in Pb–Bi. For an oxygen concentration lower than the one necessary for magnetite formation (approximately <10−8 wt % at T≈500°C for Fe-9Cr steels), corrosion proceeds by dissolution of the steel. For a higher oxygen content dissolved in Pb–Bi, corrosion proceeds by oxidation of the steel. These two corrosion processes have been experimentally and theoretically studied in CEA Saclay and also by other partners, leading to some corrosion modeling in order to predict the life duration of these materials as well as their limits of utilization. This study takes into account the two kinds of corrosion processes: dissolution and oxidation. In these two different processes, the lead alloy physico-chemical parameters are considered: the temperature and the liquid alloy velocity for both processes and the oxygen concentration for oxidation.

scholarly journals A Generation of Innovative Technical Ideas and Solutions as an Important Component of the KOMAG Strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-262
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Malec ◽  
Lilianna Stańczak
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
General Character ◽  
Production Engineering ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
New Generation

AbstractThe article presents some strategic aspects of the KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology in the field of creating innovative ideas and innovative technical solutions concerning machinery and devices for mining and preparation of minerals as regards their operational safety, productivity and reliability. Special attention is paid to a process of stimulating innovative ideas in a creative atmosphere, as KOMAG researchers and engineers are encouraged to be open-minded and to think in an unconventional way. Two examples of innovative technical solutions are described in detail, i.e. the water-and-air dust control system and the KOMTRACK haulage system for highly productive longwall systems of a new generation. The article contributes significantly to Innovation Engineering which is an important component of Production Engineering in the scope of generating and implementing innovative solutions. The authors presented an ecosystem of innovations, describing several methods of creating innovative ideas. The article concentrates on a role of Polish research institutes which play a key role in creating and implementing innovative solutions, bridging science and industry. Due to an analysis of different methods of generating innovative technical ideas and solutions, it can be concluded that an idea and a need of generating an innovative solution may appear in the research institute or at the industrial partner’s organization. In the case of the KOMAG multi-year experience and practice industrial partners include not only producers of mining machinery and equipment, but also representatives of mines of minerals. In general an innovative idea is generated in the result of an inspiration from the business environment and then it is transformed into an innovative product or service. The article contains the authors’ practical recommendations as regards a creation of innovative technical solutions. It is ended with a summary of general character and with some final conclusions.

Design, fabrication, testing and operation of a simulation facility for high temperature molten salt studies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harinath Venkata Yadavalli ◽  
T.V Krishna Mohan ◽  
Rangarajan S ◽  
Shaju K. Albert
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corrosion Studies ◽  
Degradation Of Materials ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Static Corrosion

Purpose Concentrated solar power and molten salt reactors use molten salts for heat energy storage and transfer. FLiNaK salts are being proposed to be used in these plants. However, structural material compatibility is the main hurdle for using molten salt in these systems. Hence, it is essential to study the degradation of materials in high temperature molten FLiNaK salt environment. In view of this paper aims to describe, a simulation facility which was established and operated for carrying out high temperature static corrosion studies of materials under molten FLiNaK salt. Design/methodology/approach This paper describes about the design criteria, method of designing using ASME codes, material selection, fabrication, testing, commissioning and operation. Also, a few experimental results have been illustrated. Findings A simulation facility could be designed, fabricated, commissioned and is being successfully operated to carry out corrosion experiments under static molten FLiNaK environment. Research limitations/implications The facility has been designed for 800°C and maximum temperature of experiment would be restricted to 750°C. The materials tested in this facility can be validated only up to 750°C temperature. A maximum of four exposure periods can be studied at a time with around ten specimens for each exposure. Originality/value Selection of compatible material for the facility and design certain unique features like extracting exposed specimens of intermediate periods without actually shutting down the autoclave and measuring the level of molten salt at high temperature.

Dynamic scattering function for high-temperature liquid lead

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 470-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Söderström ◽  
U. Dahlborg ◽  
M. Davidovič
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Lead ◽  
Scattering Function ◽  
Temperature Liquid ◽  
Dynamic Scattering

Investigation of friction units of nuclear plants operating in heavy high-temperature liquid-metal heat carriers. Part 2. Experimental results

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Drozdov ◽  
A. V. Beznosov ◽  
V. V. Makarov ◽  
V. N. Puchkov ◽  
M. A. Antonenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Friction Units ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
Temperature Liquid ◽  
Heat Carriers
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